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Background and Objective: Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is the cause of morbidity and mortality in a variety of diseases and surgical procedures including organ transplantation surgeries, acute coronary syndrome, strokes, and limb injuries. IR injury causes dysfunction of tissues and organs, and oxidative stress plays an important role in driving this process. Curcumin (CUR), a polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric, protects against IR injury by alleviating oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. We review the protective effects of CUR against IR. Methods: We searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases using the keywords: ischemic reperfusion, CUR and summarized the results. Key Content and Findings: The effects of CUR during IR have been reported for animal models in vitro and in vivo and the compound has been shown in various organs by suppression of oxidative stress, prevention of inflammation, inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy. CUR with nanocarriers showed many advantages than free CUR in the treatment of IR injury, such as improved bioavailability, sustained-release, better water solubility, better target organ accumulation, improved permeability across the blood-brain-barrier and more effective. Conclusions: Nanotechnology offers significant improvements and promising strategies to improve drug delivery to IR-injured tissues and achieve the desired protective effects. Thus, it is necessary to promote further clinical trials to promote the clinical application of CUR with nanocarriers.
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Background: Neonatal leukemoid reaction (NLR) is often accompanied by infectious or non-infectious diseases, a low birth weight, sepsis, prematurity, ventricular hemorrhage, and bronchial dysplasia. It has an incidence rate of 1.3-15% and a mortality rate of about 41.4%. Previous studies on NLR have largely focused on its pathogenesis and clinical cases, but little is known about its prognostic laboratory indicators. We found that some of the NLR exhibited obviously elevation in liver function tests like aspartate transaminase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) which were not took by all the LR infants. The necessity for liver function tests for the prognosis of NLR was still unclear. Methods: A total of 39 premature infants with NLR at the First Hospital of Jilin University between March 2016 and March 2017 were included in this retrospective cohort study. The infants were divided into death and cured group based on the clinical outcomes. Premature infants with LR and death were defined as the case group (n=14), while infants without death were defined as the control group (n=25). Confounding factors such as age and gender between the two groups were controlled. Blood routine tests, including the white blood cell (WBC) count and subtypes, and liver function, and clinical features were recorded and analyzed. T tests were used to examine the differences in the laboratory indicators between the NLR and control groups. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) and areas under the curve (AUCs) were used to examine laboratory indicators for prognosis. Results: For predicting clinical outcomes, the ROC curves showed that the cut-off values for AST and LDH were 279 and 1,412 U/L, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for AST were 92% and 71.43%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.894, while the sensitivity and specificity for LDH were 88% and 78.57%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.911. Conclusions: This innovative study investigated the NLR prognosis depending on laboratory tests. We found that serum AST and LDH levels had reliable predictive value in determining adverse outcomes of NLR.