Development and validation of the Mental Health Promotion Scale.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop and validate a scale that assesses adults' mental health promotion abilities. DESIGN AND METHODS: This study was conducted in Istanbul from October 2016 to May 2018. Three rounds of the Delphi method were conducted to develop the scale. FINDINGS: After the third Delphi round, the experts reached a consensus on 93 scale items. Forty-six items were excluded from the scale based on exploratory factor analysis (EFA) results. In the last EFA of the 47-item scale, a 12-factor construct was found with an eigenvalue >1 that explained 64.3% of total variance. The overall Cronbach's alpha of the scale was .93. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: This scale can be used to assess adults' mental health promotion abilities.

Validity and Reliability of Turkish version of Vaccination Confidence Scale for Parents.

AIM: The aim of this study was to conduct a validity and reliability of the Vaccination Confidence Scale and to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of parents regarding childhood vaccinations. METHOD: This methodological study consisted of parents of 8th grade students in three districts of Istanbul from March 1 to May 1, 2017 (n=263). Data were collected using a questionnaire developed by the researcher and the Vaccination Confidence Scale. RESULTS: The Vaccination Confidence Scale was found to be valid and reliable in this study. Seventy-six percent of the parents had had their children vaccinated with all the vaccines that the Ministry of Health recommended. There was no statistical difference between the overall score and the subscale scores of the parents on the Vaccination Confidence Scale (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The Vaccination Confidence Scale may be used to assess the confidence parents have in vaccinations.Healthcare professionals should accurately inform families about vaccination calendars so that vaccinations can be carried out in time.

The impact on adolescents of a Transtheoretical Model-based programme on fruit and vegetable consumption.

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of a Transtheoretical Model-based programme titled 'Fruit & Vegetable-Friendly' on the fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption of adolescents. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental study. The 'Fruit & Vegetable-Friendly', a multicomponent intervention based on the Transtheoretical Model, was completed in eight weeks. The data were collected one week before the intervention, one week after the completion of the intervention and six months after the post-test with an F&V intake questionnaire and the stages of change, processes of change (α = 0·91), situational self-efficacy (α = 0·91) and decisional balance (α = 0·90 for pros, α = 0·87 for cons) scales. Data were analysed with the Friedman, Wilcoxon and marginal homogeneity tests. SETTING: A public secondary school in Istanbul, Turkey. PARTICIPANTS: Seven hundred and two adolescents. RESULTS: The mean (sd) F&V intake of adolescents in the passive stages rose from the daily average at the time of the pre-test of 3·40 (1·79) portions to 5·45 (2·54) portions on the post-test and to 5·75 (2·70) portions on the follow-up test (P < 0·01). While the students in the passive stages represented 41·6 % of the participants prior to the programme, this rate fell to 23·7 % at the post-test and to 22·7 % at the follow-up. Students in the active stages first represented 58·5 % of the participants; this rate rose to 76·4 % at the post-test and to 77·2 % at the follow-up test. CONCLUSIONS: The programme was effective in increasing the amount of F&V the adolescents consumed on a daily basis.

The Family Management of Childhood Chronic Conditions: Measurement in a Turkish Sample.

PURPOSE: The principal aim of this study was to adapt the FaMM into the Turkish language and test its validity and reliability. DESIGN AND METHODS: Data were collected from a total of 395 parents of children with chronic disease. The FaMM was translated using the translation and back-translation method. The reliability analysis of the FaMM was performed using Cronbach alpha coefficients, item-total correlations and test-retest correlations. Construct validity for the scale was assessed with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). RESULTS: The overall content validity index was 95%, signifying that the FaMM has good content validity. The CFA of the Turkish version of the FaMM did not confirm the original factorial structure. The model of three subscales for the Turkish FaMM was validated using EFA. The values of ≥0.70 for the Cronbach alpha coefficient, >0.25 for the item-total correlations and >0.40 for the test-retest application correlations for 2 weeks were found to be acceptable levels for the instruments and its subscales. CONCLUSIONS: The FaMM was found to be valid, reliable and appropriate for Turkish culture and psychometric characteristics were satisfactory. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The FaMM can be used in evaluating the management of illness in families with children with chronic disease.

Achieving consensus on the undergraduate curriculum of public health nursing in Turkey.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to construct a consensus on the undergraduate learning objectives and topics for public health nursing (PHN) in Turkey. DESIGN: A three-round e-mail-based Delphi study was conducted between May and July 2015 with a national sample. SAMPLE: Ninety-one academics from 54 universities were invited as experts to participate by e-mail. Fifty-nine academics from 43 universities participated in the study. MEASUREMENTS: Data were analyzed by computing the median, quartiles one and three, and the interquartile range for each learning outcome and topic. Consensus was considered as less than the interquartile range of 1.2. RESULTS: Experts who participated in the study added 70 learning outcomes, eight main topics, and 278 sub-topics during the first round. Round I generated 170 learning outcomes, 28 main topics, and 385 sub-topics. At the end of Round II, consensus was reached on 126 learning outcomes, 22 main topics and 168 sub-topics. At the end of Round III, consensus was achieved for 126 learning outcomes, 22 main topics, and 169 sub-topics. CONCLUSION: The learning outcomes and topics that were decided upon through a consensus process will contribute to the standardization and development of PHN education.

Use of Play Therapy in Nursing Process: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study.

PURPOSE: Play therapy is a nursing intervention employed in multidisciplinary approaches to develop the social, emotional, and behavioral skills of children. In this study, we aim to determine the effects of play therapy on the social, emotional, and behavioral skills of pre-school children through the nursing process. DESIGN: A single-blind, prospective, randomized controlled study was undertaken. The design, conduct, and reporting of this study adhere to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines. METHODS: The participants included 4- to 5-year-old kindergarten children with no oral or aural disabilities and parents who agreed to participate in the study. The Pre-school Child and Family Identification Form and Social Competence and the Behavior Evaluation Scale were used to gather data. Games in the play therapy literature about nursing diagnoses (fear, social disturbance, impaired social interactions, ineffective coping, anxiety), which were determined after the preliminary test, constituted the application of the study. FINDINGS: There was no difference in the average scores of the children in the experimental and control groups in their Anger-Aggression (AA), Social Competence (SC), and Anxiety-Withdrawal (AW) scores beforehand (t = 0.015, p = .988; t = 0.084, p = .933; t = 0.214, p = .831, respectively). The difference between the average AA and SC scores in the post-test (t = 2.041, p = .045; t = 2.692, p = .009, respectively), and the retests were statistically significant in AA and SC average scores in the experimental and control groups (t = 4.538, p = .000; t = 4.693; p = .000, respectively). In AW average scores, no statistical difference was found in the post-test (t = 0.700, p = .486), whereas in the retest, a significant difference was identified (t = 5.839, p = .000). CONCLUSIONS: Play therapy helped pre-school children to improve their social, emotional, and behavioral skills. It also provided benefits for the children to decrease their fear and anxiety levels, to improve their communication and coping skills, and to increase their self-esteem. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The study concluded that play therapy helps develop the social, emotional, and behavioral skills of pre-school children. It has also helped children lower their fear and anxiety levels, improve their communication and coping skills, and promote their self-esteem. Pediatric nurses are recommended to include play therapy in their profession and in the nursing process.

Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the situational self-efficacy scale for fruit and vegetable consumption in adolescents.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to examine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the situational self-efficacy scale for vegetable and fruit consumption in adolescents. DESIGN: This was a methodological study. SETTING: The study was conducted in four public secondary schools in Istanbul, Turkey. SUBJECTS: Subjects were 1586 adolescents. MEASURES: Content and construct validity were assessed to test the validity of the scale. The reliability was assessed in terms of internal consistency and test-retest reliability. ANALYSIS: For confirmatory factor analysis, χ(2) statistics plus other fit indices were used, including the goodness-of-fit index, the adjusted goodness-of-fit index, the nonnormed fit index, the comparative fit index, the standardized root mean residual, and the root mean square error of approximation. Pearson's correlation was used for test-retest reliability and item total correlation. The internal consistency was assessed by using Cronbach α. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis strongly supported the three-component structure representing positive social situations (α = .81), negative effect situations (α = .93), and difficult situations (α = .78). Psychometric analyses of the Turkish version of the situational self-efficacy scale indicate high reliability and good content and construct validity. CONCLUSION: Researchers and health professionals will find it useful to employ the Turkish situational self-efficacy scale in evaluating situational self-efficacy for fruit and vegetable consumption in Turkish adolescents.

Breast Cancer Risks and Effectiveness of BSE Training among Women Living in a District of Istanbul.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study to determine the risks associated with breast cancer in women who live in a neighborhood in Istanbul, and to evaluate the effectiveness of breast self-examination (BSE) training. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was designed by using a half-experimental model, with women over the age of 18 who visited the community health center in a district of Istanbul, during March/April 2012. Sample selection was not implemented, and 169 women who voluntarily participated in the study were included. Data was collected by face-to-face interview technique with "Demographic Survey Form", "Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Form" and "BSE Training Assessment Scale". After risk assessment, women who wanted to learn BSE (n=109) were given a practical training program lasting approximately 20 minutes that was prepared together with expert consults. RESULTS: 32.1% of the participants regularly performed BSE. Out of those who do not use regular self-examination, 15.4% thought BSE was unnecessary, 44% was afraid to examine herself, and 40.7% did not know how to apply BSE. The mean breast cancer risk score was 135.64±61.33. There were statistically significant differences between breast cancer risk score and the educational status, marital status, and menstrual status. A statistically significant difference was found in pre- and post-training BSE Training Assessment Scale scores. CONCLUSION: The breast cancer risk score was low among women included in this study. However, the vast majority of women did not perform BSE, and those who did were using either irregular or improper practice. It was detected that implementation of planned and in-person training programs were quite effective.

Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of Children's Somatization Inventory.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Children's Somatization Inventory (CSI) in Turkish schoolchildren and adolescents. METHODS: The CSI was translated using translation and back-translation. The participants were 813 schoolchildren, adolescents and their parents (n=453). Content and construct validity were assessed to test the validity of the CSI-24. Internal consistency reliability, interrater reliability (child-parent agreement) and test-retest reliability were assessed to test the reliability of the CSI-24. RESULTS: Psychometric analyses of the Turkish version of the CSI-24 indicate high reliability and good content and construct validity. CONCLUSION: The Turkish version of the CSI-24 is a useful instrument for measuring self-reported somatic complaints in Turkish schoolchildren and adolescents between the ages of 9 and 15.