Sexual health interventions with social marketing approach targeting young people: a scoping review.

In a fast-paced digital and global environment, sexual education must keep up with young people's sexual health needs. Social marketing is an approach that has been used in sexual health promotion for young people. The objective of the scoping review is to identify and map the use of social marketing in sexual health promotion for young people. Specifically, the content, delivery methods and effects of interventions on sexual health were researched. Six databases were systemically searched to capture the relevant peer-reviewed quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods articles without time restrictions that provided evidence of sexual health-related social marketing interventions targeting young people aged 11-25. An inductive and deductive content analysis was performed. Nineteen studies were included in the data. The content of interventions was dominated by sexual risks and risk prevention, focusing particularly on sexually transmitted diseases, unwanted pregnancies and sexual violence. Additionally, interventions included topics of morals of sexual relationships and changes in the body. The delivery of interventions occurred through various media channels, events and activities, while the effects of interventions were monitored as improvements in sexual perceptions and sexual behaviour, limited gender-related effects, limited evidence of intervention attributed to behaviour and effects in different age groups. The social marketing approach was mostly preventive and concentrated on the risks, whereas the delivery methods were diverse and creative, combining modern and already well-established channels. Sexuality should be seen comprehensively, and interventions should respond to the full range of young people's needs.

Use and impact of the ANA Code: a scoping review.

Adherence to professional ethics in nursing is fundamental for high-quality ethical care. However, analysis of the use and impact of nurses' codes of ethics as a part of professional ethics is limited. To fill this gap in knowledge, the aim of our review was to describe the use and impact of the Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements published by the American Nurses Association as an example of one of the earliest and most extensive codes of ethics for nurses with their interpretative statements and constituting a strong basis for the International Council of Nurses' Code of Ethics for Nurses. We based our review on previous literature using a scoping review method. We included both non-scientific and scientific publications to provide an analysis of codes of ethics which can be utilized in development and revision of other nurses' codes of ethics. In the searches, we used CINAHL and PubMed databases limiting publications to texts with a connection to the Code of Ethics for Nurses published from January 2001 to November 2022 and written in English. Searches yielded 1739 references, from which 785 non-scientific and 71 scientific publications were included for analysis of the data. Although non-scientific and scientific publications addressed different number of categories, the results indicated that in the both groups the use and impact focused on professional ethics, nursing practice, and work environment and less on education, research, or social health issues. Nurses' ethical standards were not addressed in non-scientific publications, and clinical issues and leadership were not in focus in scientific publications. To increase evidence-based knowledge of the impact of codes of ethics additional research is needed. Good scientific conduct was followed.

The effects of precarious employment and calling on the psychosocial health and work well-being of young and older workers in the care sector: a longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVE: Employment conditions in the care sector are changing, and precarious employment (PE) is becoming more widespread, manifesting as undervaluation, adverse leadership, work overload, and inadequate control over work. This study aimed to examine changes in psychosocial health, work well-being, PE, and calling over time and explore the effects of PE and calling on psychosocial health and work well-being. METHODS: The longitudinal study collected follow-up panel data in the three time points (2020, 2022, and 2023) from care workers (n = 1502), linear mixed effects models. RESULTS: PE decreased (ß = - 0.02), and perceived work well-being increased (ß = 0.04), but there were no change in psychosocial health (ß = - 0.01) and calling (ß = 0.01) during the three-year period. Younger (< 39) care workers perceived higher levels of PE and had poorer psychological health. Moreover, PE had a negative effect on psychosocial health (ß = - 0.63) and work well-being (ß = - 0.68) and calling had a positive effect on psychosocial health (ß = 0.41) and work well-being (ß = 0.49) in multivariate models. CONCLUSION: PE conditions affect work performance and employee well-being and may threaten patient care; therefore, it should be further investigated in the care sector. It is noteworthy that calling still seems to be central in care work. The results deepen the understanding of the current shortage crisis in health and social care workplaces but can also provide keys to resolving the crisis.

Registered nurses' perceptions of their career-An interview study.

AIM: We aim to explore registered nurses' perceptions of their career. BACKGROUND: Career development options have been found to increase attraction to nursing and support nurses' engagement with their organization and profession. METHODS: We collected qualitative individual interviews with 23 registered nurses; data were analysed with thematic analysis and reported according to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) criteria. RESULTS: Three themes emerged: career choices, career engagement and career development. Participants had chosen a nursing career because they perceived it as humane, people oriented, meaningful, diverse and secure work. Participants' engagement in their career was connected to the content of the work, in which direct patient care was central. Nurses connected career development with high competency, independence, influence and meaningful working life experience. However, they perceived career development opportunities as minute within direct patient care. CONCLUSIONS: Career development opportunities for nurses in direct patient care are needed to foster their career engagement and the attractiveness of the nursing profession. Further research is needed on the career planning and development of nurses working in patient care. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nurse managers must play a central role in engaging nurses in their careers and promoting their competency and career planning and development in organizations.

Developing a Feasible and Credible Method for Analyzing Healthcare Documents as Written Data.

Healthcare provides a rich, and constantly increasing, number of written documents, which are underutilized in research data for health and nursing sciences, but previous literature has only provided limited guidance on the process of document analysis. The aim of this paper is to provide a methodological framework for analyzing health care documents as written data, based on a systematic methodological review and the research team's experience of the method. Based on the results, the methods consist of seven phases: (i) identify the purpose, (ii) determine the document selection strategy, (iii) select or design an extraction matrix, (iv) carry out pilot testing, (v) collect and analyze the data, (vi) consider the credibility, and (vii) ethics of the study. The framework that has been developed can be used to carry out document analysis studies that are both feasible and credible.

Registered nurses' perceptions of having a calling to nursing: A mixed-method study.

AIM: To explore how nurses perceived having a calling to nursing. DESIGN: A mixed-method study. METHODS: Survey data collected in autumn 2020 and semi-structured individual interview data collected in spring 2021. The 7925 survey respondents were care professionals and 414 of them were registered nurses. The 23 interview participants were registered nurses who responded to the survey. We examined the survey results using analysis of variance and t-tests and the interview data with qualitative thematic analysis. RESULTS: Registered nurses had a lower calling than other care professionals. Based on the interviews, having a calling to nursing produce four key findings. Nurses with a calling experienced their work as meaningful. They also adopted a humane and holistic approach to their work. However, their calling could change during their professional career. Due to its historical roots, having a calling was seen as a risk for the nursing profession, as it meant nurses had an oppressed position in society and nurses associated it with poor working conditions and low pay. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that having a calling to nursing had multidimensional benefits for the individual nurse, their patient, colleagues, organization and society, but showed strong association between calling and nurses' poor working conditions and low pay. IMPACT: We found that nurses had a lower calling than other care professionals. Calling still exists, but it can produce tension in modern nursing. Organizations and society need to focus on how calling can be seen as a more positive attribute of nursing and improve nurses' working conditions and pay.

Environmental responsibility in nursing in hospitals: A modified Delphi study of nurses' views.

OBJECTIVES: To identify nurses' views on environmentally responsible clinical practices, and to examine their consensus regarding the stakeholders and their roles and tools needed to promote, and enable, environmental responsibility in clinical practice. BACKGROUND: Using materials and energy in hospitals has a negative impact on the environment and people's environmental health. Research on decreasing this burden in clinical practice is sparse. DESIGN: A modified Delphi method with two rounds. METHODS: Data were collected from 35 nursing staff in five Finnish university hospitals in 2019. The first-round data were collected with semi-structured interviews in small groups and subjected to content analysis. The second-round data were collected with an Internet-based questionnaire from 27 of those participants and statistically analysed. The CREDES checklist was used. RESULTS: According to nurses, environmentally responsible clinical practices focus on effective material and energy use. Material use focused on sustainable and cooperative purchasing, considerate use of products and minimising waste and idle electricity and reducing water and transport use. The tools needed to promote, and enable, environmental responsibility in clinical practice were staff inducements and training and certain resources and guidance. All the hospital health and support service staff needed to commit to collaboration. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to address stakeholders' roles in environmental responsibility in hospitals. Environmental aims should be firm and visible, and nurses should have the relevant competencies. They also need sufficient time to develop environmental initiatives and proper facilities to carry out their work with a minimal environmental burden. Providing staff feedback and rewards for their environmental efforts is beneficial for engagement. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This study will help nurses to identify their needs and opportunities to realise and develop environmental responsibility in their practice. It can also inform hospital leaders to develop corporate environmental responsibility, including in-service training.

In-service training to enhance the competence of health and social care professionals: A document analysis of web-based training reports.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and describe what professional competencies have been addressed by in-service training for health and social care professionals and what kind of teaching and evaluation methods have been used. DESIGN: Cross-sectional descriptive study. METHODS: A document analysis design was used to explore 7817 in-service training project documents relating to 203 projects carried out from 2002 to 2020. The project data were obtained from the websites run by the relevant health and social care organizations. RESULTS: The most frequent competencies that were addressed were health promotion and clinical skills (17%), preventing social problems (16%) and promoting the wellbeing of children and families (15%) and older adults (14%). The main target groups were general health and social care professionals (19%). A total of 222 training interventions were used by the 203 projects and the most frequently used methods were conventional classroom education (56%), followed by coaching and orientation (12%) and theme days (9%). Only 38% of the projects measured the effects of the training and the main method was collecting feedback from participants. We also found that collaboration between projects was necessary to ensure that training was not duplicated and transparent reporting played a central role in that process. CONCLUSIONS: In order to achieve successful in-service training for health and social care professionals, projects needed to recognize topical competence needs and provide the most appropriate training methods. Collaboration and transparent reporting helped to avoid duplication in training.

Systematic methodological review: developing a framework for a qualitative semi-structured interview guide.

AIM: To produce a framework for the development of a qualitative semi-structured interview guide. BACKGROUND: Rigorous data collection procedures fundamentally influence the results of studies. The semi-structured interview is a common data collection method, but methodological research on the development of a semi-structured interview guide is sparse. DESIGN: Systematic methodological review. DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science for methodological papers on semi-structured interview guides from October 2004-September 2014. Having examined 2,703 titles and abstracts and 21 full texts, we finally selected 10 papers. REVIEW METHODS: We analysed the data using the qualitative content analysis method. RESULTS: Our analysis resulted in new synthesized knowledge on the development of a semi-structured interview guide, including five phases: (1) identifying the prerequisites for using semi-structured interviews; (2) retrieving and using previous knowledge; (3) formulating the preliminary semi-structured interview guide; (4) pilot testing the guide; and (5) presenting the complete semi-structured interview guide. CONCLUSION: Rigorous development of a qualitative semi-structured interview guide contributes to the objectivity and trustworthiness of studies and makes the results more plausible. Researchers should consider using this five-step process to develop a semi-structured interview guide and justify the decisions made during it.

The dignity of the nursing profession: a meta-synthesis of qualitative research.

BACKGROUND: Nursing continues to gain legitimation epistemologically and ontologically as a scientific discipline throughout the world. If a profession gains respect as a true autonomous scientific profession, then this recognition has to be put in practice in all environments and geographical areas. Nursing professional dignity, as a self-regarding concept, does not have a clear definition in the literature, and it has only begun to be analyzed in the last 10 years. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this meta-synthesis was to determine the various factors that constitute the notion of nursing professional dignity. The target was to create a tentative model of the concept. RESEARCH DESIGN: The research design was a meta-synthesis (N = 15 original articles) of nursing professional dignity described in the literature, based on the guidelines by Noblit and Hare. METHOD AND FINDINGS: Original studies were sought out from electronic databases and manual searches. The selection of literature was conducted on stages based on titles (n = 2595), abstracts (n = 70), and full-texts (n = 15) according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. From this analysis, a clear definition of nursing professional dignity emerged that underscored two main macro-dimensions constituting this intertwined, multidimensional, and complex notion: characteristics of the human beings and workplace elements. CONCLUSION: The recognition of nursing professional dignity could have a positive impact on patients because the results clearly showed that nurses are more prone to foster patients' dignity, patients' safety, and a better quality of care if their own dignity is respected. If nurses are uncomfortable, humiliated, or not seen in their professional role, it is difficult to give to others good care, good support, or good relationships.

Towards environmentally responsible nursing: a critical interpretive synthesis.

AIM: To provide a synthesis of studies on the environmental issues in nursing. BACKGROUND: Interest in the environmental issues affecting health sciences has been increasing in recent decades. Health care is one of the largest publicly provided services and it share of the environmental burden is high. Nurses play an important role in environmental health issues as they are the largest group of healthcare staff and are most directly connected to the use of energy and materials. Despite this, previous studies on nurses' roles in environmental issues have been presented in a relatively fragmented way. DESIGN AND DATA SOURCES: Systematic literature searches of peer-reviewed papers published between 2002-2012 were carried out using the CINAHL, Science Direct and PubMed electronic databases. REVIEW METHOD: Critical interpretive synthesis was then undertaken to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic. RESULTS: Eleven studies were included. Based on our synthesis, environmentally responsible nursing can be identified in relation to the: (1) theoretical framework; (2) background arguments; (3) role of responsible stakeholders; and (4) targets of environmental management. A fifth element: (5) tools for practical environmental responsibility, was also presented. CONCLUSION: Awareness of environmental issues is starting to encourage nursing services to seek sustainable practices. Nurses themselves are naturally in a key position to promote and develop environmentally responsible nursing. Environmentally responsible nursing helps to promote healthy environmental practices. It also reduces undesirable practices that can burden the environment and have a negative impact on health.