DENTAL CAVITIES IN PEOPLE WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: AN ANALYSIS OF RISK INDICATORS.

Diabetes is associated with a greater number of dental cavities. It is unclear, therefore, how potential risk factors such as salivary glucose, glycemic control and blood sugar could impact the onset of dental caries between people that have type 2 diabetes (T2D). Aim of the study - analyzing the risk factors for oral cavity disease in T2D patients. We analyzed the patient data including their dietary habits, dental hygiene practices, age and control of glycemic. The Indian dataset was used. Individual patient observations include the patient's diabetes classification as a range of medical attributes such as age, pregnancy, pedigree, glucose, body mass index, skin, blood pressure and insulin. The research discovered a significant correlation between poorly managed glycemic levels and dental caries are more prevalent in people with T2DM. High sugar consumption and poor oral hygiene habits have been identified as risk factors. These results highlight the need for integrating diabetes treatment measures with dental care to reduce dental caries in this susceptible group. Utilizing dental cavities into account improves oral health and has a positive impact on health outcomes for those with type 2 diabetes.

Comprehensive comparison of various techniques for the analysis of elemental distributions in thin films.

The present work shows results on elemental distribution analyses in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films for solar cells performed by use of wavelength-dispersive and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) in a scanning electron microscope, EDX in a transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron, angle-dependent soft X-ray emission, secondary ion-mass (SIMS), time-of-flight SIMS, sputtered neutral mass, glow-discharge optical emission and glow-discharge mass, Auger electron, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, by use of scanning Auger electron microscopy, Raman depth profiling, and Raman mapping, as well as by use of elastic recoil detection analysis, grazing-incidence X-ray and electron backscatter diffraction, and grazing-incidence X-ray fluorescence analysis. The Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films used for the present comparison were produced during the same identical deposition run and exhibit thicknesses of about 2 µm. The analysis techniques were compared with respect to their spatial and depth resolutions, measuring speeds, availabilities, and detection limits.

An epidemiological investigation of a multisource outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Gujarat.

It all started with the report from Shalby Hospital, Ahmedabad of two deaths with unusual presentation on Jan 18, 2011. Immediately investigations were carried out; to identify the etiological agent, source of outbreak, and mode of transmission, as well as, to propose a control measure based on the findings of the investigation. Extensive literature search, discussion with various scientific institutions, scientists and laboratory diagnosis suggested it to be case of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF). Accordingly a Case definition was worked out to further investigate the episode/outbreak. Door-to-door survey was carried out and hospital records were scrutinized. Collected data was analyzed in terms of time, place, and person. Laboratory investigation reports of case patients were also collated. We conducted environment investigation to find out the source of Infection. A total 13 case patients of CCHF were identified out of which 9 are positive for CCHF virus, 2 were negative for CCHF virus and in 2 instances, samples could not be taken because of early deaths of the cases. Among these 13 cases, 30.76% mortality rate was noted. Cases were reported in middle age group only. Environmental investigation also confirmed the presence of CCHF virus in Ticks. The outbreak was due to CCHF virus. State wide sero surveillance in animals is needed to identify prevalence of disease in Gujarat.

Technical aspects in the management of complex vesicovaginal fistulae.

Thirteen complex vesicovaginal fistulae were successfully closed by a technique of wide separation and water-tight closure of vagina from the urinary bladder and augmentation of the repair with a pedicled omental interposition flap.

Glove-finger dressing in paediatric hypospadias.

Dressing post-operative hypospadias using a glove finger is technically easy to apply, inspect, and remove; gives uniform compression; is cheap and easily available; prevents contamination; and does not slip like ordinary dressings.

Pseudomyxoma peritonei of hernial sac--a case report.

A rare presentation of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei of hernial sac is described. The patient was admitted for repair of an inguinal hernia. During herniorraphy large amount of mucinous material was found in hernial sac. Microscopy revealed epithelial glandular cells with bland appearance within mucinous pools. A search for primary remained fruitless.

Intestinal obstruction caused by caecal volvulus.

The case of a 6-month-pregnant woman who had an uneventful postoperative recovery and normal vaginal delivery following a right hemi-colectomy for volvulus of the caecum with gangrene is reported.

Embryogenesis of a sac containing a Meckel's diverticulum.

The embryogenesis of a previously unreported mesothelial pouch containing a Meckel's diverticulum is presented.

Comparative evaluation of gastric secretory response to banana and porridge.

Unripe Banana (Plantain) is used in South India as a bland diet for peptic ulcer patients. Flour made of plantain is quite often prescribed in dyspepsia in this part of the country. This has led to the belief that ripe banana may also be a bland fruit. However, it was observed by the Senior Author that ripe banana does produce symptoms of hyperacidity. Hence a study was undertaken to assess whether ripe banana is a bland food or not. A total of 115 patients entered the study. 89 individuals had no GIT symptoms, 15 patients had proved peptic ulcer while 11 patients had non-ulcer acid dyspepsia. The gastric residue was emptied by a nasogastric tube after a night fast. Patients were then given 80 gms. of banana or porridge on two different days. Then consecutive 15 minute samples of gastric juice were collected and submitted for estimation of acid output in mEq/l. It was observed that gastric acid values were higher following banana as compared to porridge and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). It was was thus concluded that ripe banana is not a bland food. It should not be recommended as a part of bland diet for patients of acid peptic disease.

Jejunal diverticulosis.

Diverticulosis of the jejunum is an uncommon condition. We found four patients with such diverticula among 40,341 hospital admissions. All four patients presented with acute volvulus of the small bowel. It is suggested that the diverticula bearing segment becomes heavier due to the diverticula and the semisolid jejunal contents consisting of roughage, millet and cereals in the staple diet of our patients. Both factors contribute to small bowel volvulus. Jejunal diverticula may be missed because they are buried between the leaves of mesentery or adherent loops of jejunum. With a patient has vague abdominal symptoms, the possibility of jejunal diverticula should be considered.