RESUMEN
Two of the most common acute and potentially life-threatening complications of diabetes mellitus are diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state. Both conditions are characterised by hyperglycaemic states, but nurses should be aware of important differences so the correct condition and treatment can be identified. Treatment includes immediate referral to specialist diabetes teams and possible transfer to intensive care. This article outlines the similarities and differences in the symptoms and treatment of the conditions, and discusses prevention strategies.
Asunto(s)
Cetoacidosis Diabética , Coma Hiperglucémico Hiperosmolar no Cetósico , Cetoacidosis Diabética/diagnóstico , Cetoacidosis Diabética/enfermería , Cetoacidosis Diabética/terapia , Fluidoterapia , Humanos , Coma Hiperglucémico Hiperosmolar no Cetósico/diagnóstico , Coma Hiperglucémico Hiperosmolar no Cetósico/enfermería , Coma Hiperglucémico Hiperosmolar no Cetósico/terapia , Hiperpotasemia/etiología , Hiperpotasemia/terapia , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Insulina/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: How nurses care for patients who have a cardiac arrest and for their family members who witness it has been identified as being paramount in determining relatives' acceptance of death and their ability to cope thereafter. In this article the author analyses the available literature, focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of families being present during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in hospital and questions what effect this has on the grieving process (Kübler-Ross 1970). CONCLUSION: Nurses should take into account the views of relatives, although attempted resuscitation should never be compromised by family members being present. Evidence suggests that it can improve the grieving process for families and be helpful to patients who survive.