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Influenza virus infection is an important public-health concern because of its high transmissibility and potential for severe complications. To mitigate the severity and complications of influenza, probiotics containing Lactobacillus are used and generally recognized as safe. We evaluated the anti-influenza effect of Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) KBL346, isolated from the fecel sample of healthy South Koreans, in mice. BALB/c mice were orally administered live and heat-inactivated L. reuteri KBL346. After infection with influenza virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/34) 0.5 times the 50% lethal dose (LD50), body weight loss was improved and recovery was accelerated. Furthermore, L. reuteri KBL346 improved body weight loss and survival rate of mice infected with 4 times the LD50 of influenza virus. Heat-inactivated L. reuteri KBL346 reduced the viral titer in the lung and the plasma immunoglobulin G level. Expression levels of genes encoding inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-γ and toll-like receptor 2 (Tlr2), were decreased in the lung tissues of mice administered L. reuteri KBL346. Live and heat-inactivated L. reuteri KBL346 increased the expression level of Adamts4, which promotes recovery after infection, and decreased that of Tlr2. The α-diversity of the gut microbiome was modulated by the administration of L. reuteri KBL346. In addition, the structure of the gut microbial community differed according to the degree of weight loss. L. reuteri KBL346 has the potential to alleviate disease severity and improve histopathological changes in mice infected with influenza A/PR8, suggesting its efficacy as a probiotic against influenza infection.
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Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) holds significant commercial value as one of the leading oil crops, with its agronomic features and oil quality being crucial determinants. In this investigation, 73,226 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 95 rapeseed mutant lines induced by gamma rays, alongside the original cultivar ('Tamra'), using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) analysis were examined. This study encompassed gene ontology (GO) analysis and a genomewide association study (GWAS), thereby concentrating on agronomic traits (e.g., plant height, ear length, thousand-seed weight, and seed yield) and oil traits (including fatty acid composition and crude fat content). The GO analysis unveiled a multitude of genes with SNP variations associated with cellular processes, intracellular anatomical structures, and organic cyclic compound binding. Through GWAS, we detected 320 significant SNPs linked to both agronomic (104 SNPs) and oil traits (216 SNPs). Notably, two novel candidate genes, Bna.A05p02350D (SFGH) and Bna.C02p22490D (MDN1), are implicated in thousand-seed weight regulation. Additionally, Bna.C03p14350D (EXO70) and Bna.A09p05630D (PI4Kα1) emerged as novel candidate genes associated with erucic acid and crude fat content, respectively. These findings carry implications for identifying superior genotypes for the development of new cultivars. Association studies offer a cost-effective means of screening mutants and selecting elite rapeseed breeding lines, thereby enhancing the commercial viability of this pivotal oil crop.
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Antibiotics are used to control infectious diseases. However, adverse effects of antibiotics, such as devastation of the gut microbiota and enhancement of the inflammatory response, have been reported. Health benefits of fermented milk are established and can be enhanced by the addition of probiotic strains. In this study, we evaluated effects of fermented milk containing Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) SNUG50430 in a mouse model with antibiotic treatment. Fermented milk containing 2 × 105 colony-forming units of L. rhamnosus SNUG50430 was administered to six week-old female BALB/c mice for 1 week. Interleukin (IL)-10 levels in colon samples were significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared to water-treated mice, whereas interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were decreased, of mice treated with fermented milk containing L. rhamnosus SNUG50430-antibiotics-treated (FM+LR+Abx-treated) mice. Phylum Firmicutes composition in the gut was restored and the relative abundances of several bacteria, including the genera Coprococcus and Lactobacillus, were increased in FM+LR+Abx-treated mice compared to PBS+Abx-treated mice. Interestingly, abundances of genus Coprococcus and Lactobacillus were positively correlated with IL-5 and IL-10 levels (P < 0.05) in colon samples and negative correlated with IFN-γ and TNF-α levels in serum samples (P < 0.001). Acetate and butyrate were increased in mice with fermented milk and fecal microbiota of FM+LR+Abx-treated mice were highly enriched with butyrate metabolism pathway compared to water-treated mice (P < 0.05). Thus, fermented milk containing L. rhamnosus SNUG50430 was shown to ameliorate adverse health effects caused by antibiotics through modulating immune responses and the gut microbiota.
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Antibacterianos , Productos Lácteos Cultivados , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Interleucina-10 , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Probióticos , Animales , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Ratones , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Productos Lácteos Cultivados/microbiología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Colon/microbiología , Fermentación , Citocinas/metabolismo , Citocinas/sangre , Heces/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Over the past 2 decades, the use and importance of robotic surgery in minimally invasive surgery has increased. Across various surgical specialties, robotic technology has gained popularity through its use of 3D visualization, optimal ergonomic positioning, and precise instrument manipulation. This growing interest has also been seen in acute care surgery, where laparoscopic procedures are used more frequently. Despite the growing popularity of robotic surgery in the acute care surgical realm, there is very little research on the utility of robotics regarding its effects on health outcomes and cost-effectiveness. The current literature indicates some value in utilizing robotic technology in specific urgent procedures, such as cholecystectomies and incarcerated hernia repairs; however, the high cost of robotic surgery was found to be a potential barrier to its widespread use in acute care surgery. This narrative literature review aims to determine the cost-effectiveness of robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) in surgical procedures that are often done in urgent settings: cholecystectomies, inguinal hernia repair, ventral hernia repair, and appendectomies.
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Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Herniorrafia , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados , Humanos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/economía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/métodos , Herniorrafia/economía , Herniorrafia/métodos , Apendicectomía/economía , Apendicectomía/métodos , Hernia Inguinal/cirugía , Hernia Inguinal/economía , Colecistectomía/economía , Colecistectomía/métodos , Hernia Ventral/cirugía , Hernia Ventral/economía , Cirugía General/economíaRESUMEN
The effectiveness of the human-machine interface (HMI) in a driving automation system during takeover situations is based, in part, on its design. Past research has indicated that modality, specificity, and timing of the HMI have an impact on driver behavior. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of two HMIs, which vary by modality, specificity, and timing, on drivers' takeover time, performance, and eye glance behavior. Drivers' behavior was examined in a driving simulator study with different levels of automation, varying traffic conditions, and while completing a non-driving related task. Results indicated that HMI type had a statistically significant effect on velocity and off-road eye glances such that those who were exposed to an HMI that gave multimodal warnings with greater specificity exhibited better performance. There were no effects of HMI on acceleration, lane position, or other eye glance metrics (e.g., on road glance duration). Future work should disentangle HMI design further to determine exactly which aspects of design yield between safety critical behavior.
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Automatización , Conducción de Automóvil , Sistemas Hombre-Máquina , Interfaz Usuario-Computador , Humanos , Conducción de Automóvil/psicología , Masculino , Adulto , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Simulación por Computador , Automóviles , Movimientos Oculares , Factores de Tiempo , Adolescente , Análisis y Desempeño de TareasRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Recent advances have led to greater recognition of the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). There has been evidence that CKD is also associated with dysbiosis. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether probiotic supplements can have protective effects against kidney injury via improving mitochondrial function. METHODS: An animal model of CKD was induced by feeding C57BL/6 mice a diet containing 0.2% adenine. KBL409, a strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus, was administered via oral gavage at a dose of 1 × 109 CFU daily. To clarify the underlying mechanisms by which probiotics exert protective effects on mitochondria in CKD, primary mouse tubular epithelial cells stimulated with TGF-ß and p-cresyl sulfate were administered with butyrate. RESULTS: In CKD mice, PGC-1α and AMPK, key mitochondrial energy metabolism regulators, were down-regulated. In addition, mitochondrial dynamics shifted toward fission, the number of fragmented cristae increased, and mitochondrial mass decreased. These alterations were restored by KBL409 administration. KBL409 supplementation also improved defects in fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis and restored the suppressed enzyme levels involved in TCA cycle. Accordingly, there was a concomitant improvement in mitochondrial respiration and ATP production assessed by mitochondrial function assay. These favorable effects of KBL409 on mitochondria ultimately decreased kidney fibrosis in CKD mice. In vitro analyses with butyrate recapitulated the findings of animal study. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that administration of the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus KBL409 protects against kidney injury via improving mitochondrial function.
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BACKGROUND: Natural products are often friendly and can be used on children's skin after systematic and careful research. Therefore, in this study, the Royal Oji Complex (ROC), a product with natural ingredients, was used to study their effectiveness on keratinocytes taken from the skin of children from 0 to 3 years old. METHOD: Normal human epidermal keratinocytes and tissue-isolated keratinocytes (TIKC) from young donors were treated with three different concentrations of ROC: 0.1, 1, and 10 ppm. The mRNA expression of the epidermal barrier's essential genes, such as hyaluronic acid synthase 3 (Has3), involucrin (IVL), loricrin (LOR), and claudin-1 (CLD1) was investigated using qRT-PCR. Ceramide content was measured by ELISA, with retinoic acid (R.A.) and amarogentin (AMA) serving as positive controls. RESULTS: ROC significantly elevated HAS3 gene expression in HEKn cells, especially at 10 ppm, indicating potential advantages for skin hydration in young infants. IVL increased at first but decreased as ROC concentrations increased. LOR was upregulated at lower ROC concentrations but reduced at higher doses. CLD1 gene expression increased considerably in HEKn but reduced with increasing ROC doses. Ceramide concentration increased somewhat but not significantly at 10 ppm. CONCLUSION: ROC shows potential in altering keratinocyte gene expression, with unique responses in HEKn and TIKC from young donors. While changes in ceramide content were insignificant, these results help to comprehend ROC's multiple effects on young children's skin.
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Queratinocitos , Piel , Niño , Lactante , Humanos , Preescolar , Recién Nacido , Epidermis , Ceramidas , Donantes de TejidosRESUMEN
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with repeated exacerbations of eczema and pruritus. Probiotics can prevent or treat AD appropriately via modulation of immune responses and gut microbiota. In this study, we evaluated effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) KBL409 using a house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae)-induced in vivo AD model. Oral administration of L. acidophilus KBL409 significantly reduced dermatitis scores and decreased infiltration of immune cells in skin tissues. L. acidophilus KBL409 reduced in serum immunoglobulin E and mRNA levels of T helper (Th)1 (Interferon-γ), Th2 (Interleukin [IL]-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-31), and Th17 (IL-17A) cytokines in skin tissues. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased and Foxp3 expression was up-regulated in AD-induced mice with L. acidophilus KBL409. Furthermore, L. acidophilus KBL409 significantly modulated gut microbiota and concentrations of short-chain fatty acids and amino acids, which could explain its effects on AD. Our results suggest that L. acidophilus KBL409 is the potential probiotic for AD treatment by modulating of immune responses and gut microbiota of host.
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Dermatitis Atópica , Probióticos , Animales , Ratones , Dermatitis Atópica/terapia , Dermatitis Atópica/metabolismo , Lactobacillus acidophilus/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Piel , Probióticos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is one of the most dominant commensal bacteria in the human gut, and certain anti-inflammatory functions have been attributed to a single microbial anti-inflammatory molecule (MAM). Simultaneously, substantial diversity among F. prausnitzii strains is acknowledged, emphasizing the need for strain-level functional studies aimed at developing innovative probiotics. Here, two distinct F. prausnitzii strains, KBL1026 and KBL1027, were isolated from Korean donors, exhibiting notable differences in the relative abundance of F. prausnitzii. Both strains were identified as the core Faecalibacterium amplicon sequence variant (ASV) within the healthy Korean cohort, and their MAM sequences showed a high similarity of 98.6%. However, when a single strain was introduced to mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, KBL1027 showed the most significant ameliorative effects, including alleviation of colonic inflammation and restoration of gut microbial dysbiosis. Moreover, the supernatant from KBL1027 elevated the secretion of IL-10 cytokine more than that of KBL1026 in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) cells, suggesting that the strain-specific, anti-inflammatory efficacy of KBL1027 might involve effector compounds other than MAM. Through analysis of the Faecalibacterium pan-genome and comparative genomics, strain-specific functions related to extracellular polysaccharide biosynthesis were identified in KBL1027, which could contribute to the observed morphological disparities. Collectively, our findings highlight the strain-specific, anti-inflammatory functions of F. prausnitzii, even within the same core ASV, emphasizing the influence of their human origin.
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INTRODUCTION: Identification of liver disease during bariatric operations is an important task given the patients risk for occult fatty liver disease. Surgeon's accuracy of assessing for liver disease during an operation is poorly understood. The objective was to measure surgeons' performance on intra-operative visual assessment of the liver in a simulated environment. METHODS: Liver images from 100 patients who underwent laparoscopic bariatric surgery and pre-operative ultrasound elastography between July 2020 and July 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. The perception of 15 surgeons regarding the degree of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis was collected in a simulated clinical environment by survey and compared to results determined by ultrasonographic exam. RESULTS: The surgeons' ability to correctly identify the class of steatosis and fibrosis was poor (accuracy 61% and 59%, respectively) with a very weak correlation between the surgeon's predicted class and its true class (r = 0.17 and r = 0.12, respectively). When liver disease was present, surgeons completely missed its presence in 26% and 51% of steatosis and fibrosis, respectively. Digital image processing demonstrated that surgeons subjectively classified steatosis based on the "yellowness" of the liver and fibrosis based on texture of the liver, despite neither correlating with the true degree of liver disease. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic visual assessment of the liver surface for identification of non-cirrhotic liver disease was found to be an inaccurate method during laparoscopic bariatric surgery. While validation studies are needed, the results suggest the clinical need for alternative approaches.
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Cirugía Bariátrica , Laparoscopía , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico , Obesidad Mórbida , Cirujanos , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Obesidad Mórbida/cirugía , Hígado/diagnóstico por imagen , Hígado/patología , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/cirugía , Cirrosis Hepática/diagnóstico por imagen , Cirrosis Hepática/cirugía , Cirrosis Hepática/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Inability to achieve primary fascial closure after damage control laparotomy is a frequently encountered problem by acute care and trauma surgeons. This study aims to compare the cost-effectiveness of Wittmann patch-assisted closure to the planned ventral hernia closure. METHODS: A literature review was performed to determine the probabilities and outcomes for Wittmann patch-assisted primary closure and planned ventral hernia closure techniques. Average utility scores were obtained by a patient-administered survey for the following: rate of successful surgeries (uncomplicated abdominal wall closure), surgical site infection, wound dehiscence, abdominal hernia and enterocutaneous fistula. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was utilized to assess the survey responses and then converted to quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Total cost for each strategy was calculated using Medicare billing codes. A decision tree was generated with rollback and incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) analyses. Sensitivity analyses were performed to account for uncertainty. RESULTS: Wittmann patch-assisted closure was associated with higher clinical effectiveness of 19.43 QALYs compared to planned ventral hernia repair (19.38), with a relative cost reduction of US$7777. Rollback analysis supported Wittmann patch-assisted closure as the more cost-effective strategy. The resulting negative ICUR of -156,679.77 favored Wittmann patch-assisted closure. Monte Carlo analysis demonstrated a confidence of 96.8% that Wittmann patch-assisted closure was cost-effective. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates using the Wittmann patch-assisted closure strategy as a more cost-efficient management of the open abdomen compared to the planned ventral hernia approach.
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Técnicas de Cierre de Herida Abdominal , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Hernia Ventral , Herniorrafia , Años de Vida Ajustados por Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Hernia Ventral/cirugía , Hernia Ventral/economía , Herniorrafia/economía , Herniorrafia/métodos , Técnicas de Cierre de Herida Abdominal/economía , Mallas Quirúrgicas/economía , Análisis de Costo-EfectividadRESUMEN
Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), in the Malvaceae family, is an important crop for not only fiber production, but also various other industrial materials. We performed phylogenetic analysis and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of seven agronomic traits: days to flowering, plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, flower color, stem color, and leaf shape, using 96 kenaf genotypes, including gamma-irradiation-derived mutant lines. Genotypes were determined by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and a total of 49,241 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used in the analysis. Days to flowering, plant height, fresh weight, and dry weight were positively correlated with each other, and stem color was also correlated with fresh weight and dry weight. The phylogenetic analysis divided the 96 lines into nine related groups within two independent groups, and the GWAS analysis detected a total of 49 SNPs for days to flowering, plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, flower color, stem color, and leaf shape with -log10(P) ≥ 4, of which 22 were located in genic regions. The detected SNPs were located in genes with homology ranging from 45% to 96% to plants of the Malvaceae and Betulaceae, and these genes were found to be involved in plant growth and development via various pathways. Our identification of SNP markers related to agronomic traits is expected to help improve the quality of selective breeding programs for kenaf.
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Abstract Background: Early identification of patients at risk of AKI after cardiac surgery is of critical importance for optimizing perioperative management and improving outcomes. This study aimed to identify the association between preoperative myoglobin levels and postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing valve surgery or coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: This retrospective study included 293 patients aged over 17 years who underwent valve surgery or CABG with cardiopulmonary bypass. We excluded 87 patients as they met the exclusion criteria. Therefore, 206 patients were included in the final analysis. The patients' demographics as well as intraoperative and postoperative data were collected from electronic medical records. AKI was defined according to the Acute Kidney Injury Network classification system. Results: Of the 206 patients included in this study, 77 developed AKI. The patients who developed AKI were older, had a history of hypertension, underwent valve surgery with concomitant CABG, had lower preoperative hemoglobin levels, and experienced prolonged extracorporeal circulation (ECC) times. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that preoperative myoglobin levels and ECC time were correlated with the development of AKI. A higher preoperative myoglobin level was an independent risk factor for the development of cardiac surgery-associated AKI. Conclusions: Higher preoperative myoglobin levels may enable physicians to identify patients at risk of developing AKI and optimize management accordingly.
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Humanos , Anciano , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/epidemiología , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/efectos adversos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Puente Cardiopulmonar/efectos adversos , Factores de Riesgo , MioglobinaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Because ultrasound measurement of plantar fascia thickness is widely used in the diagnosis and evaluation of plantar fasciitis, it is important to understand and minimize the errors that occur with this measurement. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize studies reporting on intrarater and interrater reliability of ultrasound measurement of plantar fascia thickness. METHODS: After comprehensive searches in the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases, 11 studies involving 238 healthy participants and 68 patients with pathologic foot disorders were included. RESULTS: Seven of 11 studies revealed a low risk of bias. Most of the studies reported good to excellent intrarater and interrater reliability for ultrasound measurement of plantar fascia thickness (intrarater intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.77-0.98; interrater ICC, 0.76-0.98). In addition, two studies on intrarater reliability and one study on interrater reliability showed moderate reliability (ICCs, 0.65, 0.67, and 0.59, respectively). Overall, the standard error of measurement was less than 5% and did not exceed 7%. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this review suggest that ultrasound measurement of plantar fascia thickness is reliable in terms of both relative and absolute reliability. Reliability can be optimized by using the average of multiple measurements and an experienced operator.
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Fascitis Plantar , Pie , Humanos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Ultrasonografía , Pie/diagnóstico por imagen , Pie/patología , Músculo Esquelético , Fascitis Plantar/diagnóstico por imagen , Fascia/diagnóstico por imagen , Fascia/patologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Although the incidence of contralateral Achilles tendon in patients with Achilles tendon rupture is higher than in the general population, there are no studies evaluating the status of the contralateral Achilles tendon. The aim of this study was to investigate the status of the contralateral Achilles tendon in patients with acute Achilles tendon rupture. DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study. SETTING: University hospital foot and ankle clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-five patients with acute Achilles tendon rupture who met the inclusion criteria. INTERVENTION: Ultrasonography performed by an orthopedic surgeon who had 8 years of experience in musculoskeletal ultrasonography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ultrasonographic abnormalities of the contralateral Achilles tendon at the time of diagnosis of acute Achilles tendon rupture. Abnormalities were categorized as intratendinous lesions, peritendinous lesions, changes in retrocalcaneal bursa, and Achilles tendon thickening. RESULTS: The maximal Achilles tendon thickness had a mean of 4.8 ± 1.0 mm. Nine patients (12%) showed ultrasonographic abnormalities on the contralateral Achilles tendon, and the presence of exertional pain was the sole associating variable with ultrasonographic abnormalities. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of ultrasonographic abnormalities in the contralateral Achilles tendon shown in this study was not higher than that reported in healthy or asymptomatic Achilles tendon. Therefore, routine evaluation of the contralateral Achilles tendon is unnecessary at the time of acute Achilles tendon rupture.
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Tendón Calcáneo , Traumatismos de los Tendones , Humanos , Tendón Calcáneo/diagnóstico por imagen , Tendón Calcáneo/patología , Estudios Prospectivos , Traumatismos de los Tendones/diagnóstico por imagen , Traumatismos de los Tendones/cirugía , Rotura/diagnóstico por imagen , Rotura/cirugía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
KEY MESSAGE: One major quantitative trait loci and candidate gene for salt tolerance were identified on chromosome 3 from a new soybean mutant derived from gamma-ray irradiation, which will provide a new genetic resource for improving soybean salt tolerance. Soil salinity is a worldwide problem that reduces crop yields, but the development of salt-tolerant crops can help overcome this challenge. This study was conducted with the purpose of evaluating the morpho-physiological and genetic characteristics of a new salt-tolerant mutant KA-1285 developed using gamma-ray irradiation in soybean (Glycine max L.). The morphological and physiological responses of KA-1285 were compared with salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant genotypes after treatment with 150 mM NaCl for two weeks. In addition, a major salt tolerance quantitative trait locus (QTL) was identified on chromosome 3 in this study using the Daepung X KA-1285 169 F2:3 population, and a specific deletion was identified in Glyma03g171600 (Wm82.a2.v1) near the QTL region based on re-sequencing analysis. A kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) marker was developed based on the deletion of Glyma03g171600 which distinguished the wild-type and mutant alleles. Through the analysis of gene expression patterns, it was confirmed that Glyma03g171700 (Wm82.a2.v1) is a major gene that controls salt tolerance functions in Glyma03g32900 (Wm82.a1.v1). These results suggest that the gamma-ray-induced mutant KA-1285 has the potential to be employed for the development of a salt-tolerant cultivar and provide useful information for genetic research related to salt tolerance in soybeans.
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Glycine max , Glycine max/genética , Alelos , Rayos gamma , Genotipo , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Post-intensive care unit (ICU) syndrome (PICS) occurs at an exorbitant rate in surgical ICU (SICU) survivors. It remains unknown if critical illness due to trauma versus acute care surgery (ACS) may represent different pathophysiologic entities. In this longitudinal study, we determined if admission criteria in a cohort of trauma and ACS patients were associated with differences in the occurrence of PICS. METHODS: Patients were 18 years or older, admitted to a Level I trauma center to the trauma or ACS services, remained in the SICU for ≥72 hours, and were seen in an ICU Recovery Center at 2 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks after hospital discharge. Post-ICU syndrome sequelae were diagnosed by dedicated specialist staffing using clinical criteria and screening questionnaires. The PICS symptoms were distilled into physical, cognitive, and psychiatric categories. Preadmission histories, hospital courses, and recovery data were collected via retrospective chart review. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-six patients were included: 74 (57.3%) trauma patients and 55 (42.6%) ACS patients. Prehospital psychosocial histories were similar between groups. Acute care surgery patients had a significantly longer hospital course, higher APACHE II and III scores, were intubated for longer, and had higher rates of sepsis, acute renal failure, open abdomen, and hospital readmissions. At the 2-week follow-up visit, ACS patients had higher rates of PICS sequelae (ACS, 97.8% vs. trauma 85.3%; p = 0.03), particularly in the physical (ACS, 95.6% vs. trauma 82.0%, p = 0.04), and psychiatric domains (ACS, 55.6% vs. trauma 35.0%, p = 0.04). At the 12-week and 24-week visits, rates of PICS symptoms were comparable between groups. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of PICS is extraordinarily high in both trauma and ACS SICU survivors. Despite entering the SICU with similar psychosocial histories, the two cohorts have different pathophysiologic experiences, which are associated with a higher rate of impairment in the ACS patients during early follow-up. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic/Care Management; Level III.
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Cuidados Críticos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Estudios Retrospectivos , Progresión de la Enfermedad , SobrevivientesRESUMEN
Ulcerative colitis, a major form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associated with chronic colonic inflammation, may be induced via overreactive innate and adaptive immune responses. Restoration of gut microbiota abundance and diversity is important to control the pathogenesis. Lactobacillus spp., well-known probiotics, ameliorate IBD symptoms via various mechanisms, including modulation of cytokine production, restoration of gut tight junction activity and normal mucosal thickness, and alterations in the gut microbiota. Here, we studied the effects of oral administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) KBL2290 from the feces of a healthy Korean individual to mice with DSS-induced colitis. Compared to the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) + phosphate-buffered saline control group, the DSS + L. rhamnosus KBL2290 group evidenced significant improvements in colitis symptoms, including restoration of body weight and colon length, and decreases in the disease activity and histological scores, particularly reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an elevated level of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10. Lactobacillus rhamnosus KBL2290 modulated the levels of mRNAs encoding chemokines and markers of inflammation; increased regulatory T cell numbers; and restored tight junction activity in the mouse colon. The relative abundances of genera Akkermansia, Lactococcus, Bilophila, and Prevotella increased significantly, as did the levels of butyrate and propionate (the major short-chain fatty acids). Therefore, oral L. rhamnosus KBL2290 may be a useful novel probiotic.
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Colitis , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus , Probióticos , Animales , Ratones , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colitis/inmunología , Colitis/microbiología , Colitis/terapia , Colon/inmunología , Colon/microbiología , Citocinas/metabolismo , Sulfato de Dextran , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Inflamación/terapia , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , Biomarcadores/análisis , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Biodiversidad , Ácidos Grasos Volátiles/metabolismo , Administración Oral , Lactobacillaceae/clasificación , Lactobacillaceae/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a globally important source of plant proteins, oils, and amino acids for both humans and livestock. Wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc.), the ancestor of cultivated soybean, could be a useful genetic source for increasing these components in soybean crops. In this study, 96,432 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 203 wild soybean accessions from the 180K Axiom® Soya SNP array were investigated using an association analysis. Protein and oil content exhibited a highly significant negative correlation, while the 17 amino acids exhibited a highly significant positive correlation with each other. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted on the protein, oil, and amino acid content using the 203 wild soybean accessions. A total of 44 significant SNPs were associated with protein, oil, and amino acid content. Glyma.11g015500 and Glyma.20g050300, which contained SNPs detected from the GWAS, were selected as novel candidate genes for the protein and oil content, respectively. In addition, Glyma.01g053200 and Glyma.03g239700 were selected as novel candidate genes for nine of the amino acids (Ala, Asp, Glu, Gly, Leu, Lys, Pro, Ser, and Thr). The identification of the SNP markers related to protein, oil, and amino acid content reported in the present study is expected to help improve the quality of selective breeding programs for soybeans.