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1.
Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol ; 20(1): 1, 2024 Jan 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38167134

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Allergic asthma and rhinitis (AR) are closely linked, with a significant proportion of AR patients developing asthma. Identification of the early signs of comorbidity of AR and asthma can enable prompt treatment and prevent asthma progression. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: This study investigated the role of interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the comorbidity of AR and asthma and lung function in Korean children with perennial AR (PAR). A cohort of 240 subjects (6 to 10 years old) with PAR (PAR alone: 113 children, PAR and asthma: 127 children) was analyzed for various biomarkers, including IL-1ß, iNOS, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in serum. The blood levels of eosinophils and immunoglobulin E (IgE) were examined. IL-1ß, CCL-24, E-cadherin, and vimentin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Epithelial iNOS was measured by the NOS kit. RESULTS: Elevated levels of IL-1ß, iNOS, and vimentin in the serum were identified as significant indicators of the likelihood of comorbidity of PAR and asthma in children. Furthermore, higher concentrations of IL-1ß, iNOS, and vimentin have been linked to reduced lung function in PAR children. Notably, IL-1ß expression shows a relationship with the levels of E-cadherin, vimentin, and CCL-24. However, no correlation was found between IL-1ß and iNOS expressions. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that IL-1ß and iNOS can be biomarkers in the progression of PAR and asthma and decreased lung function, suggesting potential targets for early intervention and treatment.

2.
Int Arch Allergy Immunol ; 182(6): 546-552, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33657554

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Obesity/overweight is associated with a higher risk of allergic rhinitis (AR) in children. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at exploring the mechanisms by which obesity affects the severity of AR through leptin and interleukin (IL)-1ß were investigated. METHODS: In all, 210 subjects with AR and 82 subjects without AR were included in this study. The levels of leptin and inflammatory biomarkers were measured in the serum to investigate the correlation with the severity of AR. Additionally, we analyzed whether changes in BMI regulate the severity of AR through serial follow-up of obese children. RESULTS: IL-1ß, which is a biomarker of active inflammation in AR, was significantly higher in individuals with AR than in those without and higher in subjects in the obesity group than in those in the normal weight group. A regression analysis showed that the leptin level was associated with increased IL-1ß expression in children with AR. In the multivariate analysis, only parental AR (9.2-fold increase in risk), elevated leptin (11.3-fold increase in risk), and high expression of IL-1ß (5.8-fold increase in risk) emerged as significant risk factors of moderate to severe persistent allergic rhinitis. We also found that children with an increase or decrease in BMI showed changes in IL-1ß and AR symptoms, which these changes were dependent on leptin and BMI. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that obesity is an important risk factor for the exacerbation of symptoms and leptin can exacerbate inflammation as well as severe and persistent symptoms through IL-1ß in AR.


Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores , Interleucina-1beta/sangre , Leptina/sangre , Obesidad Infantil/complicaciones , Rinitis Alérgica/sangre , Rinitis Alérgica/etiología , Niño , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades , Humanos , Rinitis Alérgica/diagnóstico , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad
3.
Enzyme Microb Technol ; 143: 109703, 2021 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33375971

RESUMEN

ß-1,3-1,4-glucanase (BG) is an industrially important enzyme owing to its stringent specificity for ß-glucan cleavage. In this study, poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) was added to BG to investigate its effect on improving the activity and stability of the enzyme. The effect of γ-PGA was investigated by analyzing kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. Compared to control, significant differences (P < .05) in enzyme activity were observed when 1.0 %, 1.5 %, and 2.0 % γ-PGA was added, and the activities were increased 1.23 ±â€¯0.05, 1.23 ±â€¯0.07, and 1.31 ±â€¯0.07-fold, respectively. Regarding thermostability, residual BG activity after a 1 h incubation at 60 °C was 12.53 ±â€¯0.06 % without γ-PGA and 79.02 ±â€¯5.76 % with 1% γ-PGA. The storage stability at 25 °C and 50 °C also increased when γ-PGA was present. The kinetics and thermodynamic investigations indicated that the increased activity and stability of BG when γ-PGA was added were due to increased values of the Vmax, Kcat, and activation energy for denaturation. The findings of this study suggest that adding γ-PGA to BG increases the application value of this enzyme in the food and feed industries.


Asunto(s)
Bacillus , Ácido Glutámico , Cinética , Ácido Poliglutámico
4.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31548841

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common diseases globally and usually persists throughout life. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether the expression of inflammatory biomarkers has a relationship with the severity of allergic rhinitis and with comorbid asthma or other allergic diseases in children. METHODS: For diagnosis of AR, the skin prick test was performed to measure the responses to 18 allergens. Blood levels of eosinophils and immunoglobulin E (IgE) were examined. We classified the patients into 2 groups based on the severity of the condition as Group 1 [intermittent AR (IAR) or mild persistent AR (PAR)] and Group 2 (moderate to severe PAR). To determine the expression of inflammatory biomarkers, in serum and several biomarkers (caspase-1, IL-1ß, CCL-11, CCL-24 and IL-33) were measured in the serum using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, we analyzed the correlation between clinical variables and the expression of biomarkers (eosinophils count, IL-1ß and CCL-24) and the severity of AR. RESULTS: We found that eosinophils count, IL-1ß, a marker of activation of inflammasomes, and CCL-24 were significantly increased in the moderate to severe PAR group (p = 0.008, p = 0.003, p = 0.039). Additionally, the expressions of eosinophil count, IL-1ß and CCL-24 were significantly higher in patients with active asthmatic symptoms than in those without these conditions. On univariate analysis, allergic rhinitis in sibling, paternal allergic rhinitis, high expression of eosinophils count, IL-1ß and CCL-24, history of active asthma and atopy correlated with severity of AR. Multivariate analysis showed only paternal allergic rhinitis and high expression of IL-1ß as significant risk factors of moderate to severe PAR with 6.4 fold and 4.7 fold-increase in risk, respectively (p = 0.011 and p = 0.030). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence that an excessive release of biologically active IL-1ß may promote inflammation in severe PAR. It demonstrates that IL-1ß can be a biomarker for active allergic diseases such as AR, asthma, and atopy. Moreover, this finding suggests that IL-1B should be investigated as a therapeutic target in severe PAR and other allergic diseases.

5.
Ann Occup Environ Med ; 30: 12, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29456866

RESUMEN

This thematic collection includes the articles to review eleven occupational cancer related risks or working conditions and to propose the guidelines of S. Korea.

6.
Ann Occup Environ Med ; 29: 26, 2017.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28670456

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Populations neighboring industrial complexes are at an increased health risk, due to constant exposure to various potentially hazardous compounds released during industrial production activity. Although there are many previous studies that focus on occupational exposure to heavy metals, studies that focused on environmental exposure to lead and cadmium are relatively rare. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the extent of the environmental exposure of heavy metals in residents of industrial area. METHODS: Four areas in close proximity to the Ulsan petrochemical industrial complex and the Onsan national industrial complex were selected to be included in the exposure group, and an area remotely located from these industrial complexes was selected as the non-exposure group. Among the residents of our study areas, a total of 1573 subjects aged 20 years and older were selected and all study subjects completed a written questionnaire. Blood and urine samples were obtained from about one third of the subjects (465 subjects) who provided informed consent for biological sample collection. Total 429 subjects (320 subjects from exposure area, 109 subjects from non-exposure area) were included in final analysis. RESULTS: The geometric mean blood lead level among the subjects in the exposed group was 2.449 µg/dL, which was significantly higher than the non-exposure group's level of 2.172 µg/dL. Similarly, the geometric mean urine cadmium levels between the two groups differed significantly, at 1.077 µg/g Cr. for the exposed group, and 0.709 µg/g Cr. for the non-exposure group. In a multiple linear regression analysis to determine the relationship between blood lead level and related factors, the results showed that blood lead level had a significant positive correlation with age, the male, exposure area, and non-drinkers. In the same way, urine cadmium level was positively correlated with age, the female, exposure area, and smokers. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that blood lead levels and urine cadmium levels were significantly higher among the residents of industrial areas than among the non-exposure area residents, which is thought to be due to the difference in environmental exposure of lead and cadmium. Furthermore, it was clear that at a low level of exposure, differences in blood lead or urine cadmium levels based on age, gender, and smoking status were greater than the differences based on area of residence. Therefore, when evaluating heavy metal levels in the body at a low level of exposure, age, gender, and smoking status must be adjusted, as they are significant confounding factors.

7.
Gut Liver ; 7(1): 30-4, 2013 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23423538

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The objective of this study was to evaluate a monoclonal antibody-based test to detect Helicobacter pylori-specific antigen in gastric aspirates from humans. METHODS: Sixty-one volunteers were enrolled in the study. All of the subjects underwent a (13)C-urea breath test (UBT) before esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Gastric aspirates were analyzed for pH and ammonia and used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR), culture, and monoclonal antibody-based detection of H. pylori. Multiple biopsies of the gastric antrum and body were obtained for a rapid urease test (RUT) and histological evaluation. RESULTS: Thirty-six subjects were H. pylori-positive and 25 were H. pylori-negative according to the UBT results. Compared with the H. pylori-negative subjects, H. pylori-positive subjects had a higher pH (4.77±1.77 vs 3.49±1.30, p<0.05) and ammonia level (1,130.9±767.4 vs 184.2±126.3, p<0.0001). The sensitivities and specificities of the PCR test, RUT, culture test, and monoclonal antibody-based test were 100% and 72%, 89% and 100%, 47% and 100%, and 78% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The monoclonal antibody-based test for diagnosing H. pylori infection in gastric aspirates has increased sensitivity compared with the culture test and specificity as high as that of the RUT. The test may be useful as an additive test for examining gastric aspirates.

8.
Korean J Pediatr ; 55(9): 322-9, 2012 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23049589

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Aeroallergens are important causative factors of allergic diseases. Previous studies on aeroallergen sensitization rates investigated patients groups that had visited pediatric allergy clinics. In contrast, we investigated sensitization rates in a general population group of elementary school to teenage students in Incheon, Jeju, and Ulsan. METHODS: After obtaining parental consent, skin-prick tests were performed on 5,094 students between March and June 2010. Elementary school students were tested for 18 common aeroallergens, whereas middle and high school students were tested for 25 allergens. The 25 allergens included Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, pollen (birch, alder, oak, Japanese cedar, pine, willow, elm, maple, Bermuda grass, timothy grass, rye grass, orchard grass, meadow grass, vernal grass, mugwort, Japanese hop, fat hen, ragweed, and plantain), and mold (Penicillatum, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and Alternaria). RESULTS: The sensitization rates in descending order were 25.79% (D. pteronyssinus), 18.66% (D. farinae), 6.20% (mugwort), and 4.07% (willow) in Incheon; 33.35% (D. pteronyssinus), 24.78% (D. farinae), 15.36% (Japanese cedar), and 7.33% (Alternaria) in Jeju; and 32.79% (D. pteronyssinus), 30.27% (D. farinae), 10.13% (alder), and 8.68% (birch) in Ulsan. The dust mite allergen showed the highest sensitization rate among the 3 regions. The sensitization rate of tree pollen was the highest in Ulsan, whereas that of Alternaria was the highest in Jeju. The ragweed sensitization rates were 0.99% in Incheon, 1.07% in Jeju, and 0.81% in Ulsan. CONCLUSION: The differences in sensitization rates were because of different regional environmental conditions and distinct surrounding biological species. Hence, subsequent nationwide studies are required.

9.
Environ Pollut ; 164: 46-52, 2012 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22327115

RESUMEN

In 2009 and 2010, 720 serum samples were collected from non-occupationally exposed study participants at four Korean locations and monitored for the presence of 27 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners. The median concentrations of Σ(27)PBDEs (the sum of 27 congeners) and Σ(3-7)PBDEs (the sum of tri- to hepta-BDE congeners) were 6.04 and 4.97 ng/g lipid, respectively. The most abundant congener detected in serum samples was BDE-153, followed by BDE-47 and BDE-99. The median value of Σ(3-7)PBDEs was similar to the median values observed in Asia and Europe, but much lower than that observed in North America. Some significant differences, based on geographic region and sex, were observed. We also observed a positive increase of BDE-153 with regard to age. In addition, we estimated the daily exposure to PBDEs from previously published reports of PBDE concentrations in food and dust, and determined the individual contributions of a variety of sources.


Asunto(s)
Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/estadística & datos numéricos , Contaminantes Ambientales/sangre , Éteres Difenilos Halogenados/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/análisis , Femenino , Retardadores de Llama , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , República de Corea , Adulto Joven
10.
J Toxicol Environ Health A ; 70(15-16): 1264-77, 2007 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17654244

RESUMEN

A toxicogenomic chip developed to detect welding-related diseases was tested and validated for field trials. To verify the suitability of the microarray, white blood cells (WBC) or whole blood was purified and characterized from 20 subjects in the control group (average work experience of 7 yr) and 20 welders in the welding-fume exposed group (welders with an average work experience of 23 yr). Two hundred and fifty-three rat genes homologous to human genes were obtained and spotted on the chip slide. Meanwhile, a human cDNA chip spotted with 8600 human genes was also used to detect any increased or decreased levels of gene expression among the welders. After comparing the levels of gene expression between the control and welder groups using the toxicogenomic chips, 103 genes were identified as likely to be specifically changed by welding-fume exposure. Eighteen of the 253 rat genes were specifically changed in the welders, while 103 genes from the human cDNA chip were specifically changed. The genes specifically expressed by the welders were associated with inflammatory responses, toxic chemical metabolism, stress proteins, transcription factors, and signal transduction. In contrast, there was no significant change in the genes related to short-term welding-fume exposure, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin. In conclusion, if further validation studies are conducted, the present toxicogenomic gene chips could be used for the effective monitoring of welding-fume-exposure-related diseases among welders.


Asunto(s)
Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos/métodos , Neumoconiosis/genética , Toxicogenética , Regulación hacia Arriba/genética , Soldadura , Humanos , Corea (Geográfico) , Leucocitos/metabolismo , Análisis por Apareamiento , Persona de Mediana Edad , Exposición Profesional/análisis
11.
J Korean Med Sci ; 17(4): 571-3, 2002 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12172060

RESUMEN

Bacterial pericarditis has been recognized as a rare disease since the development of antibiotics. Usually, the disease is associated with underlying conditions or a seeding of infection elsewhere to the pericardium. Here we describe a case of group G streptococcal pericarditis as an initial presentation of colon cancer. A 52-yr-old man was admitted because of dyspnea. An electrocardiogram showed a diffuse ST-segment elevation and a two-dimensional echocardiogram showed a large amount of pericardial effusion. A pericardiocentesis was done and purulent fluid was drained. Group G streptococci was cultured in pericardial fluid. The patient was treated with antibiotics and pericardiostomy with saline irrigation. A colonoscopy revealed a small mass with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma in rectosigmoid colon. He underwent a mucosectomy and was recovered without any complication.


Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Colon/diagnóstico , Pericarditis/microbiología , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/microbiología , Streptococcus/clasificación , Adenocarcinoma/complicaciones , Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Neoplasias del Colon/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Colon/cirugía , Ecocardiografía , Electrocardiografía , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Derrame Pericárdico , Pericarditis/complicaciones , Pericarditis/tratamiento farmacológico , Pericarditis/cirugía , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/complicaciones , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/cirugía
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