Treatment of industrial wastewaters by algae-bacterial consortium with Bio-H2 production: Recent updates, challenges and future prospects.

Currently, scarcity/security of clean water and energy resources are the most serious problems worldwide. Industries use large volume of ground water and a variety of chemicals to manufacture the products and discharge large volume of wastewater into environment, which causes severe impacts on environment and public health. Fossil fuels are considered as major energy resources for electricity and transportation sectors, which release large amount of CO2 and micro/macro pollutants, leading to cause the global warming and public health hazards. Therefore, algae-bacterial consortium (A-BC) may be eco-friendly, cost-effective and sustainable alternative way to treat the industrial wastewaters (IWWs) with Bio-H2 production. A-BC has potential to reduce the global warming and eutrophication. It also protects environment and public health as it converts toxic IWWs into non or less toxic (biomass). It also reduces 94%, 90% and 50% input costs of nutrients, freshwater and energy, respectively during IWWs treatment and Bio-H2 production. Most importantly, it produce sustainable alternative (Bio-H2) to replace use of fossil fuels and fill the world's energy demand in eco-friendly manner. Thus, this review paper provides a detailed knowledge on industrial wastewaters, their pollutants and toxic effects on water/soil/plant/humans and animals. It also provides an overview on A-BC, IWWs treatment, Bio-H2 production, fermentation process and its enhancement methods. Further, various molecular and analytical techniques are also discussed to characterize the A-BC structure, interactions, metabolites and Bio-H2 yield. The significance of A-BC, recent update, challenges and future prospects are also discussed.

Efficient degradation and detoxification of methylene blue dye by a newly isolated ligninolytic enzyme producing bacterium Bacillus albus MW407057.

In present work, a LiP enzyme producing bacterium was isolated form textile wastewater and sludge sample and identified as Bacillus albus by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. This bacterium decolorized 99.27 % MB dye and removed 83.87 % COD within 6 h at 30 °C, pH 7, 100 rpm and 100 mg/l of dye concentration in presence of glucose and yeast extract as carbon and nitrogen source, respectively. The bacterium also produced LiP enzyme of molecular weight ∼48 kDa, characterized by SDS-PAGE analysis. Different metabolites like monomethylthionine, thionin, (E)-2-(3-Oxopropylidene)-2H-benzo[b][1,4] thiozine-3-carboxylic acid, N-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-methylformamide, ethylamine, water and carbon dioxide produced during treatment process were characterized by FT-IR and LC-MS analysis. Further, the toxicity assessment results showed that the toxicity of bacteria treated dye solution was reduced significantly allowing 90 % seed germination indicating that the isolated bacterium B. albus has high potential to decolorize and detoxify MB dye for environmental safety.