Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients with Acute Cholangitis: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis.

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on patients with acute cholangitis (AC) by comparing outcomes, complications, and hospital stays in a tertiary Gastroenterology department. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational cohort study was conducted in a tertiary gastroenterology department, collecting data from all AC and AC + COVID-19 patients between April 2020 and February 2022. Data included clinical and demographic information, COVID-19-specific details, acute cholangitis presentation, medical records, laboratory results, and interventions. AC was diagnosed using Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18) criteria, with all patients undergoing bile culture sampling. Results: The study included 241 patients, 30 in the COVID group and 211 in the non-COVID group. The COVID group's mean age was significantly higher (74.3 vs. 67.3 years, p < 0.009). Abdominal pain was more common in the COVID group (90% vs. 70.6%, p < 0.025). Length of hospital stay was longer for COVID patients (13.5 vs. 7.9 days, p < 0.001). COVID patients had higher incidences of malignant causes of AC, with pancreatic cancer being the most common (30%). Pseudomonas spp. was significantly more prevalent in COVID patients (16.7% vs. 5.7%, p = 0.028). Conclusions: Our study results show that COVID-19 affected the duration of hospitalization for patients with AC. Furthermore, this study presents observations regarding the impact of COVID-19 on AC, revealing differences in microbial profiles.

Prospective Assessment of Serum Lipid Alterations in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Treated with Direct Acting Antivirals: Insights Six Months Post Sustained Virological Response.

Background and Objectives: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is intricately linked with dysregulation of lipid metabolism. In particular, cholesterol plays a crucial role in HCV replication. Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) therapy has revolutionized the hepatitis C treatment landscape, achieving high rates of sustained virological response (SVR). However, viral clearance comes with some alterations in lipid-related markers. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the impact of HCV clearance on lipid homeostasis and non-invasive liver fibrosis markers in hepatitis C patients treated with DAAs. Material and Methods: Fifty-two patients with varying degrees of fibrosis treated with DAAs therapy were evaluated at baseline and 24 weeks post-SVR. Lipid profiles and non-invasive liver fibrosis markers were assessed. Results: Our findings revealed an increase in total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDLc (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels at 24 weeks post-SVR, alongside an improvement in serum liver enzymes. Although improvements in liver stiffness were observed in non-invasive tests, there was an increase in lipid-related markers post-SVR. Conclusions: This suggests a potential increased cardiovascular risk despite improvements in liver function and fibrosis, highlighting the necessity for statin therapy in some cases and extended follow-ups for these patients. These findings underscore the importance of closely monitoring lipid profiles in chronic hepatitis C patients post-SVR, as well as the potential need for statin therapy to mitigate cardiovascular risk. Additionally, extended follow-up is essential to assess long-term outcomes and ensure the optimal management of these patients.

Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Epidemiology, and Survival: A Retrospective Seven Years Study.

Background and Objectives: Liver cancer poses a significant global health threat, ranking among the top three causes of cancer-related deaths. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often present with symptoms associated with neoplasms or unusual clinical features such as paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS), including hypoglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, thrombocytosis, and erythrocytosis. Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and survival outcomes associated with PNS in HCC patients and assess each PNS's impact on patient survival. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of PNS clinical features and survival among consecutive HCC patients diagnosed at our department over seven years, comparing them with HCC patients without PNS. The study involved a retrospective data evaluation from 378 patients diagnosed with HCC between January 2016 and October 2023. Results: We obtained a PNS prevalence of 25.7%, with paraneoplastic hypercholesterolemia at 10.9%, hypoglycemia at 6.9%, erythrocytosis at 4.5%, and thrombocytosis at 3.4%. Patients with PNS tended to be younger and predominantly male. Multivariate analysis revealed a strong correlation between PNS and levels of alpha-fetoprotein and tumor size, with diabetes also showing a significant statistical association (p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis based on specific paraneoplastic syndromes demonstrated shorter survival in patients with PNS, albeit without significant statistical differences, except for hypoglycemia (p < 0.0001). Matched analysis indicated a shorter survival rate for patients with PNS, although no significant statistical differences were observed. Conclusions: PNS are frequently observed in HCC cases and are associated with unfavorable prognoses and decreased survival rates due to their correlation with increased tumor burdens. However, they do not independently predict poor survival. The impact of individual PNS on HCC prognosis varies.