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Background and objective Since early 2020, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has turned into a global healthcare concern. The usual clinical presentation of COVID-19 infection includes myalgia, headache associated with pyrexia, and sore throat. Our study aimed to assess the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in COVID-19 patients and determine its correlation with the prognosis of the disease. Methods We conducted an observational study in the COVID-19 care unit at a tertiary care teaching center in Rajasthan on patients diagnosed as COVID-19-positive. The overactive bladder (OAB) symptom scoring system for LUTS and the CT scoring system for lung involvement in COVID-19 patients were used to evaluate the sample population. Results While our findings showed a non-significant association between OAB and CT score (p>0.05), correlation analysis revealed that the length of hospital stay was significantly longer and oxygen needs were significantly more frequent with severe LUTS. Conclusions Based on our findings, de novo LUTS, particularly storage symptoms, may be present in COVID-19-positive cases, and the severity of these symptoms may have an impact on the patient's length of stay in the hospital. Hence, doctors and other medical professionals should consider COVID-19-related bladder dysfunctions such as de novo LUTS as part of COVID-19 symptomatology.
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Introduction End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a global problem with a similar worldwide need for renal replacement therapy. However, the availability of transplant organs remains a challenge. Therefore, we conducted this study to measure early outcomes (up to one month) of renal allograft functions after renal transplant by assessing graft vascularity. We also measured the changes in serum creatinine and hemoglobin levels in single- and multiple-vessel renal allograft recipients. Methods We conducted an observational study of 108 renal allograft patients for two years. The study included all renal allograft recipients during the study period. The study excluded patients with a history of renal transplant, patients on antithrombotic therapy, a donor with previous surgery of graft kidney, and patients with anatomic abnormalities. Eighty-five patients were in the single-vessel group, and 23 were in the multiple-vessel group. Donors and recipients received standard pretransplant workup, including donor CT angiography and human leukocyte antigen crossmatching. We performed laparoscopic donor nephrectomies for all participants and perfused all renal arteries separately with Renograph solution (Claris Lifesciences, North Brunswick, NJ). A renal transplant was done in the right or left iliac fossa, noting warm and cold ischemia times. In single-vessel recipients, we anastomosed the renal artery to the external iliac artery (EIA), the renal vein to the external iliac vein (EIV), and the ureter to the bladder via a modified Lich-Gregoir technique. In multiple-vessel recipients, we performed bench anastomosis to make a single vessel, or we anastomosed vessels separately to the EIA, EIV, or the inferior epigastric artery for patients with a second small renal artery. We measured postoperative serum creatinine and hemoglobin levels for one month. In addition, we assessed graft vascularity with ultrasound-guided (USG) Doppler in the first postoperative week. We used IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 21.0. (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) for all data analyses. Results Warm ischemia time (WIT) was longer in multiple-vessel patients than in single-vessel patients, but the difference was insignificant (p=0.054). Cold ischemia time (CIT) was significantly longer in the multiple-vessel group than in the single-vessel group (p=0.048). We found no significant difference in serum creatinine or hemoglobin levels between groups during the study period. Perigraft collection occurred in three single-vessel patients and decreased vascularity in two multiple-vessel patients, according to USG Doppler. Conclusions We conducted this study to measure early outcomes of renal allograft functions after renal transplant by assessing graft vascularity, serum creatinine, and hemoglobin levels in single- and multiple-vessel renal allograft patients. According to our results, renal transplantation is not inferior in multiple-vessel allograft patients. We found no significant difference in serum creatinine levels one month postoperatively. Using multiple-vessel donors helps increase the limited donor pool, which is ultimately better for managing ESRD patients.
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Introduction COVID-19 pandemic has spread across the globe in the last two years and COVID-19 pneumonia is its typical presentation. Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has the potential to affect extrapulmonary sites like the involvement of the urinary tract and male genital organs. Objectives This single institutional retrospective observational study aimed to study the effects of COVID-19 on the lower urinary tract (LUT) and male genital system. Methods COVID-19 effect on the genitourinary tract was studied in a retrospective observational setting in a tertiary care setting from March 2020 to December 2021 consisting of 110 patients. After informed consent from patients, retrospective data collection was included in a repository. Presenting features related to the genitourinary tract were noted and basic biochemical profiles like CBC, RFT, LFT, urine analysis, and urine culture for bacterial sensitivity were performed in all the patients affected by COVID-19. High-resolution ultrasound was sparingly used according to the clinical presentation of these COVID-19 patients. Results A total of 110 patients 95 males and 15 females were included in this study. De novo LUT symptoms were present in 10 (9.09%) patients and acute worsening of these was seen in three patients. Scrotal discomfort was the most common symptom among men found in five (5.26%) patients and frequency of urine was the overall most common symptom found in 13 (12.38%) patients also having two female patients. Among biochemical findings, microscopic hematuria in 68 (61.81%), pyuria in 72 (65.45%), and raised blood urea were observed in 41 (37.27%) patients with COVID-19. Ultrasound findings revealed acute epididymal-orchitis in 3 (3.15 %) and acute orchitis/epididymitis in one (1.05%) case, respectively. Conclusions COVID-19 patients do have the chance of developing the involvement of the urinary tract and male genital system and the clinicians should be aware of this so that they can manage these patients accordingly.