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1.
Parasitol Res ; 122(12): 3257-3263, 2023 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37804422

RESUMEN

Neosporosis is the major cause of abortion and reproductive failures in cattle, leading to significant economic losses. In this study, we evaluated the impact of Neospora caninum infection on oxidative stress (OS) markers and local cytokine mRNA expression at the placenta, as well as its effect on the progesterone (P4) serum levels and systemic cytokine profile in a pregnant mouse model. Infected pregnant mice (NC-1 group) showed increased percentages of fetal losses and IFN-γ serum levels, decreased serum progesterone, increased placental mRNA expression levels of both Th1-type (IFN-γ and TNF-α) and Th2-type (IL-4) cytokines, and inhibited expression of TGF-ß1 (Treg) compare to control dams (CONTROL group). In addition, lipid peroxidation and ROS were increased, whereas the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities were modified in the placentae of infected mice compared to control mice. These findings demonstrate that multiple factors, including placental OS, are involved in fetal losses associated with N. caninum infection in mice, thus OS contribution to the placental physiopathology of neosporosis in other hosts must not be ruled out.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Coccidiosis , Neospora , Embarazo , Femenino , Animales , Bovinos , Ratones , Placenta , Citocinas/metabolismo , Neospora/genética , Progesterona/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Coccidiosis/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/genética
2.
Acta Trop ; 233: 106569, 2022 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35752203

RESUMEN

Neosporosis is recognized as the main cause of abortions in cattle worldwide and there is an increasing concern about its role in ovine reproductive losses; however, epidemiological studies regarding neosporosis in sheep are still limited. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the global pooled seroprevalence and associated risk factors of ovine neosporosis. In the current report, a comprehensive strategy of search and data collection from 7 worldwide databases was performed. A final set of 73 studies (80 datasets) published from 2000 to 2021 were selected based on inclusion criteria, comprising data on 35,740 sheep (corresponding to 37,565 evaluated samples) from 30 countries worldwide. The global pooled seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in sheep estimated by the random-effects model was 13% (95% CI, 10-15) and showed high heterogeneity (Q = 5147.15, I2 = 98%, p< 0.001). Furthermore, by meta-analyses of subgroups it was demonstrated for the first time that seroprevalence significantly varied between continents (highest in Africa; 20%, 95% CI, 4-44), WHO regions (highest in African Region; 42%, 95% CI, 36-48), countries (highest in Colombia; 79%, 95% CI, 61-92%) and diagnostic methods (highest by IFAT; 17%, 95% CI, 12-23). Meta-regression indicated significant increasing trends in the prevalence of ovine neosporosis with decrease in geographical latitude (coefficient = -0.013; p<0.001), whereas longitude did not influence it (coefficient = -0.001; p=0.365). Regarding associated risk factors, older sheep were more likely to be infected with N. caninum than younger ones (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.08-1.87), and sheep bred under intensive or semi-intensive systems resulted less susceptible to be seropositive than those bred under extensive system (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.42-0.99 and OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.62-0.89, respectively). Conversely, no apparent association was found between seroprevalence and other variables, such as sex (OR 1.06; 95% CI 0.9-1.24), the presence of dogs on the farm (OR 1.15; 95% CI 0.63-2.12) or the presence of abortion (OR 1.80; 95% CI 0.87-3.74). In conclusion, the seroprevalence of ovine neosporosis is widely and heterogeneously distributed throughout the world, and it is negatively associated with increasing geographical latitude. In addition, age and extensive production system represent risk factors, which suggest that the horizontal transmission route is relevant for this host species. It is recommended to pay more attention to this disease and emphasize the global need for more indexed studies concerning the seroprevalence and risk factors of ovine neosporosis to better understand the epidemiology of this coccidian infection.


Asunto(s)
Coccidiosis , Neospora , Enfermedades de las Ovejas , Animales , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios , Coccidiosis/epidemiología , Coccidiosis/veterinaria , Femenino , Embarazo , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Ovinos , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/epidemiología
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