Network meta-analysis of the efficacy of physical exercise interventions on vision health in children and adolescents.

Objective: This study systematically evaluates the impact of different physical exercise modalities on vision health interventions for Chinese children and adolescents. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO, MEDLINE, Embase, and CNKI. The focus was on randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies related to physical activity interventions for vision health in this demographic. The search covered literature from the inception of each database until May 1, 2023. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment, adhering to pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. A network meta-analysis was performed using the "Network" package in Stata 14.2. Results: The analysis encompassed 17 studies with 1,840 participants aged 7 to 18 years. Findings from the network meta-analysis revealed that badminton [MD = 0.23 (0.12, 0.33), p < 0.001] and table tennis [MD = 0.16 (0.09, 0.22), p < 0.001] exercises, along with health education [MD = 0.13 (0.03, 0.23), p = 0.013], were statistically significant in enhancing vision health compared to no intervention. According to the Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking (SUCRA) probability ranking, badminton (SUCRA = 96.7) and table tennis (SUCRA = 84.1) emerged as the most effective modalities for myopia intervention in children and adolescents, with health education (SUCRA = 73.2) following closely. Conclusion: Physical exercise significantly contributes to the healthy development of vision in children and adolescents. Among various activities, badminton and table tennis are the most effective in improving visual health, highlighting the need for augmented promotion of visual health education. However, the quantity and quality of the included studies necessitate further high-quality intervention research to confirm these findings.

Effects of spatial working memory capacity and resolution loads on postural stability while dual-tasking.

Increased spatial processing demands, e.g., working memory loads, which include capacity load and resolution load, may interfere with postural stability. To date, there has been little evidence to demonstrate whether capacity load and resolution load affect postural stability. Therefore, this study manipulated capacity load and resolution load in a spatial working memory task to examine how postural stability is affected. Sixteen healthy young participants were tested in a dual-task paradigm that consisted of a postural task with a tandem Romberg stance and a spatial working memory task with different capacity loads and resolution loads in different sessions. Participants were required to detect a salient change (45° in low resolution) or a subtle change (15° in high resolution) in the bar orientation as a resolution load. Capacity load was manipulated by storing the number of bars, with two bars in low capacity and four in high capacity. The results showed significant interactions between capacity load and resolution load on dual-task effects of sway velocity. In the low-resolution condition, the dual-task effects of anteroposterior and mediolateral sway velocity were significantly lower in the high capacity than in the low capacity, yet no significant differences occurred in the high-resolution load condition. Our results suggest that increased capacity loads interfere with postural stability only in low-resolution loads while dual-tasking.

Effect of exercise intervention on primary insomnia: a meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Exercise can have a positive effect on body functioning and immunity. This study systematically evaluated the effect of exercise intervention on patients diagnosed with primary insomnia. Based on the meta-analysis, we developed exercise recommendations to help improving sleep quality in these patients. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Using a combination of manual and electronic retrieval strategies, we examined the CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, Web of Science, SpringerLink, EBSCO, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases; and identified randomized controlled trials that addressed the effects of exercise intervention on primary insomnia and were published before October 2019. Risk of bias was assessed based on the Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0, and meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 13.0 (StataCorp LLC; College Station, TX, USA). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Data were included for 1269 patients who received exercise interventions and 1203 patients who received drug therapy or no intervention (controls) in 23 trials of high quality. Meta-analysis showed that exercise intervention had a significant effect on the treatment of primary insomnia (SMD: -1.64, 95% CI: -2.08 to -1.19, P<0.001). Subgroup analysis showed significant effect sizes for older patients (>60 years) (SMD: -1.69, 95% CI: -2.40 to -0.97, P<0.001), aerobic exercise (SMD: -2.21, 95% CI: -2.89 to -1.53, P<0.001), interventions lasting 8-12 weeks (SMD: -2.58, 95% CI: -3.61 to -1.54, P<0.001), interventions lasting ≤60 min (SMD: -2.29, 95% CI: -3.66 to -0.92, P=0.001), Asian patients (SMD: -1.86, 95% CI: -2.42 to -1.31, P<0.001), and interventions ≤4 times/week (SMD: -1.70, 95% CI: -2.29 to -1.11, P<0.001). Both bias and sensitivity analyses suggested that our meta-analysis gave robust results. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that exercise intervention has a significant positive influence on primary insomnia, especially for older patients. We recommend that an exercise regimen of 60 min 4-5 times a week for 8-12 weeks can improve sleep quality and treat the symptoms of primary insomnia. Future studies should focus on verifying and extending our results by increasing sample size and improving the quality of studies included.

Exercise Intervention in Treatment of Neuropsychological Diseases: A Review.

Faced with a constant inundation of information and increasing pressures brought by the continuous development of modern civilization, people are increasingly faced with mental health challenges that are only now being actively researched. Mental illness is caused by brain dysfunction due to internal and external pathogenic factors that destroy the integrity of the human brain and alter its function. Regular participation in physical exercise can stimulate the cerebral cortex and simultaneously increase the supply of oxygen and nutrients, helping to preserve or restore normal functioning of the nervous system. In conjunction with other systems of the body, the nervous system constitutes the neuro-humoral regulation system responsible for maintaining the stable state of the human body. This paper is a systematic review of studies investigating the effects of exercise intervention on several common neuropsychological diseases, including depression, anxiety disorder, autism, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Furthermore, we discuss possible physiological mechanisms underlying exercise-induced benefits and study limitations that must be addressed by future research. In many cases, drug therapy is ineffective and brings unwanted side effects. Based on the literature, we conclude that exercise intervention plays a positive role and that certain standards must be established in the field to make physical activity consistently effective.