RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Early childhood caries is a common condition that poses a serious risk to children's health because it can progress quickly, resulting in pain, abscesses, and a general decline in health. As a result, invasive therapies are needed, which call for highly skilled personnel. This systematic review of the literature aims to identify the most recent and widely applied early childhood caries (ECC) prevention and treatment approaches. Only substances that act topically and minimally invasive interventions were considered. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The database search was restricted to randomized clinical trials completed within the last five years, specifically those that examined the following procedures: sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish, alternative restorative technique (ART), nano-silver fluoride, silver diamine fluoride, and silver modified atraumatic restorative treatment sealants (SMART). RESULTS: A total of 815 articles were found. After removing duplicates, 584 articles were included, and 567 of them were excluded due to not meeting the predefined inclusion criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Every method considered has been proven to be successful in halting the progression of ECC and is well-liked by patients, even those who are unwilling to cooperate, as well as by parents. The most common unfavorable effect of SDF is irreversible black discoloration in treated tooth surfaces, but this is typically not a problem. They are all low-cost, minimally invasive techniques that might also be widely used in large communities and low socioeconomic settings.
Asunto(s)
Cariostáticos , Tratamiento Restaurativo Atraumático Dental , Niño , Humanos , Preescolar , Cariostáticos/uso terapéutico , Susceptibilidad a Caries Dentarias , Fluoruro de Sodio/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: Our objective was report an extremely rare case of isolated meningitis and suppurative dacrioadenitis as consequences of odontogenic sinusitis. We describe the diagnostic tools including imaging and culture, as well as surgical treatment and follow-up. Our final diagnosis was odontogenic sinusitis caused by Streptococcus Anginosus complicated by isolated meningitis and lacrimal gland abscess. Urgent surgical treatment to restore the paranasal sinuses and drainage of the lacrimal gland was performed. Culture from purulent material collected from maxillary sinus indicated the targeted therapy. Clinical assessment and imaging obtained 20 days after surgery demonstrated successful results. This case emphasizes the importance of evaluating intracranial complications of rinosinusitis, the need to search for a dental infection when a maxillary sinusitis is encountered, the key role of a thorough diagnostic workup in order to plan a comprehensive and effective surgical treatment, as well as targeted medical therapy.
RESUMEN: En este estudio se informa un caso extremadamente raro de meningitis aislada y dacrioadenitis supurativa, como consecuencia de sinusitis odontogénica. Describimos las herramientas de diagnóstico que incluyen imágenes y cultivo, como también el tratamiento quirúrgico y el seguimiento. El diagnóstico final fue de sinusitis odontogénica causada por estreptococo anginoso complicado por una meningitis aislada y el absceso de la glándula lagrimal. Se realizó un tratamiento quirúrgico de urgencia para restaurar los senos paranasales y drenar la glándula lagrimal. Se determinó el tratamiento de acuerdo a los resultados de cultivo del seno maxilar. La evaluación clínica y las imágenes obtenidas 20 días después de la cirugía demostraron resultados exitosos. Es importante la evaluación de las complicaciones intracraneales de la rinosinusitis además de la necesidad de considerar una infección dental frente a una sinusitis maxilar. Por otra parte, es clave una evaluación exhaustiva de diagnóstico para planificar un tratamiento quirúrgico completo y efectivo, así como el tratamiento médico.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Infecciones Estreptocócicas , Sinusitis Maxilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Streptococcus anginosus , Absceso/microbiología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Sinusitis Maxilar/cirugía , Dacriocistitis/microbiología , Infección Focal Dental/complicaciones , Infección Focal Dental/terapia , Seno Maxilar/cirugía , Seno Maxilar/diagnóstico por imagen , MeningitisRESUMEN
A brain abscess may result when dental infection reaches the brain through contiguous anatomic cavities such as the maxillary sinus, the ethmoid sinus and the orbital cavity. It is an important complication and should be treated aggressively. Such treatment would include the excision of the etiological factor, drainage and adjuvant antibiotic therapy. The present case concerns a 23 year old woman who presented at the General Hospital of Nova Iguaçu with complaints of pain in the right side of the face and was diagnosed with acute sinusitis. Antibiotics and analgesics were prescribed to treat the disease. However, after 10 days, she returned to the emergency room, presenting with proptosis of the right eyeball, subconjunctival haemorrhage, ophthalmoplegia and intense pain in the right orbit, in addition to headaches. After computed tomography was performed, she was diagnosed with a brain abscess in the frontal lobe with the involvement of the maxillary right first molar, the maxillary sinus, the ethmoid sinus and the orbital cavity. With culturing of the secretion, the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonies was evident. Treatment consisted of a craniotomy to drain the brain abscess, a Caldwell-Luc procedure to drain the right maxillary sinus, dental extraction and aggressive antibiotic therapy. After 6 weeks, the patient was discharged with no neurological sequelae.
Asunto(s)
Absceso Encefálico/microbiología , Infecciones Bacterianas del Ojo/microbiología , Infección Focal Dental/microbiología , Sinusitis Maxilar/microbiología , Enfermedades Orbitales/microbiología , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/microbiología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Absceso Encefálico/diagnóstico , Absceso Encefálico/terapia , Craneotomía , Drenaje , Infecciones Bacterianas del Ojo/diagnóstico , Infecciones Bacterianas del Ojo/terapia , Femenino , Infección Focal Dental/diagnóstico , Infección Focal Dental/terapia , Lóbulo Frontal , Humanos , Sinusitis Maxilar/diagnóstico , Sinusitis Maxilar/terapia , Enfermedades Orbitales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Orbitales/terapia , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/terapia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/aislamiento & purificación , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Enfermedades Dentales/tratamiento farmacológico , Extracción Dental , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Dietilhexil Ftalato/efectos adversos , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Enfermedades de la Tiroides/inducido químicamente , Glándula Tiroides/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisario/efectos de los fármacos , Recién Nacido , Embarazo , Glándula Tiroides/efectos de los fármacosAsunto(s)
Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Neumonía/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
Medical radiation from x-rays and nuclear medicine is the largest man-made source of radiation exposure in Western countries, accounting for a mean effective dose of 3.0 mSv per capita per year, comparable to the radiologic risk of 150 chest x-rays, and in many cases gonads fall in the imaging field, with > 20 millions examinations per year in US being abdominal and pelvic CT, and > 0.5 million barium enema. Of the over 7 million workers exposed to medical radiation, special attention has been paid to those working in the interventional cardiology and radiology labs, with high and increasing professional exposures, two-to three times higher than diagnostic radiologists. Thus, adverse effects of radiation exposure are well worth of the scientific community's interest. Aims of this review are: 1) to assess gonad dose to patients undergoing diagnostic testing or interventional fluoroscopy therapy and in professionally exposed interventional fluoroscopists; and 2) to evaluate the evidence linking radiation exposure in the low-to-moderate range (besides the radiotherapy high dose range) to adverse reproductive effects. In patients, the gonad radiation exposure can reach 5 mSv for a lower limb angiography, 20 mSv for a CT pelvis and hips, and 36 (in females) to 90 mSv (for males) for a lower gastrointestinal series. For interventional cardiologists, the gonad dose (below lead apron) is in the same order of magnitude of the shielded thyroid dose, with a median of 50 to 100 microSievert per cine-angiography procedure. The dose can be ten-fold higher for a complex interventional procedure. This leads to a cumulative exposure in the 0.5-1 Sv range over a professional lifetime of 30 years. At present, the epidemiological approach provided inconclusive results, inadequate for a robust evidence-based advice to exposed subjects, since large groups followed-up for decades would be required to detect a small increase in risk. A molecular epidemiology approach and/or the use of integrated biomarkers of reproductive health (e.h., reproductive hormone balance, sperm quality, sperm DNA damage) might be more fruitful in future research focused in the low-to-moderate dose range (< 1000 mSv) of greatest interest for diagnostic and professional exposures.
Asunto(s)
Infertilidad/etiología , Exposición Materna/efectos adversos , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Exposición Paterna/efectos adversos , Reproducción/efectos de la radiación , Femenino , Fluoroscopía , Gónadas/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Masculino , Dosis de Radiación , Protección Radiológica , RiesgoRESUMEN
The presence of ovarian cysts in the newborn is often a sign of an abnormal exacerbation of the physiologic process. In our case a large cyst caused symptoms related to gastroesophageal reflux: vomiting, poor weight gain, and respiratory disorders. Ultrasound examination enabled a correct diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Quistes Ováricos , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Quistes Ováricos/diagnóstico , Quistes Ováricos/cirugíaRESUMEN
The use of ultrasound for the evaluation of the lung is relatively recent. We describe the case of a newborn with pulmonary atelectasis and shift of the mediastinum underlining both advantages and limits of lung ultrasound (LUS). The baby, 1 month of age, was admitted to our hospital for tachypnoea, vomiting and poor weight gain. Chest X-ray (CXR) showed displacement of the heart to the right, suggesting the presence of atelectasis of the right lung. LUS confirmed the displacement of the mediastinum to the right and atelectasis of the right lung, clearly visible as a consolidation with the presence of air bronchograms. The computed tomography image showed that the lung parenchyma displayed in the right hemithorax could be attributed to the hyperexpanded left lung. However, once this information was acquired, and compared to the ultrasound picture, we were able to monitor the patient by LUS until normalization, thus avoiding further exposure to ionizing radiation. Our case, in accordance with the recent Literature, indicates that LUS can be adopted as a simple and non-invasive method for evaluating children with lung disease. It is easy to perform at bedside, allows a close follow-up and avoids the use of ionizing radiation.
Asunto(s)
Atelectasia Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
Polymeric materials play a key role in the production of medical and clinical devices thanks to their special features such as flexibility, easy processing and good price/performance ratio. Among the different polymeric matrixes, one of the most used is Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). At room temperature PVC is hard and brittle, thus great amounts (40-50%) of phthalate esters that act as plasticizers are added to the polymer to make it flexible and appropriate for medical use. Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) is the most widely used plasticizer in PVC medical devices. However, DEHP is not chemically bound to PVC and migrates from medical devices with time and use. The potential for DEHP to produce adverse effects in humans has been the subject of considerable discussion and debate in the scientific community. In particular, newborns in the new environment have to be considered at particularly increased risk, because of their small body size and the multiple medical device-related to the DEHP exposure. The major factors determining the degree to which DEHP migrates from medical devices are temperature, amount of DEHP in the device, storage time, shaking of the device while in contact with the medical solutions and degree of PVC degradation.
Asunto(s)
Dietilhexil Ftalato/química , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Equipos y Suministros/efectos adversos , Cloruro de Polivinilo/química , Dietilhexil Ftalato/metabolismo , Dietilhexil Ftalato/toxicidad , Salud , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Plastificantes/química , Plastificantes/metabolismo , Plastificantes/toxicidad , Factores de Riesgo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: An acute thymic involution in human fetuses and newborns has been described in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants with histological chorioamnionitis. However, the mechanisms of thymic involution remain to be clarified. Here, we tested the hypothesis that an activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis occurs in VLBW infants with acute thymic involution at birth. METHODS: A total of 180 randomly selected VLBW newborns (28.8 +/- 3.15 wk gestation; 1093 +/- 305 g) entered the study. Thymic size was measured on standard chest radiographs at birth, and expressed as the ratio between the transverse diameter of the cardiothymic image at the level of the carina (CT) and that of the thorax (T). CT/T < 0.28 was considered to indicate a small thymic size. Plasma cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations were determined on days 1 (d-1) and 7 (d-7), and at 1 month (mo-1). Results. A total of 66 (36.7%) newborns had CT/T < 0.28. Infants with small thymus had significantly increased cortisol on d-1 ( approximately 5.2-folds) [median: 18.95 (95% CI: 11.20-39.4) microg/dl vs. 3.66 (1.94-6.82) microg/dl, p < 0.0001)] and d-7( approximately 1.7-folds) [12.0 (4.39-22.97) microg/dl vs. 7.8 (3.63-12.8) microg/dl, p = 0.0384)], as compared with those with normal thymic size, together with higher adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations on d-1 ( approximately 1.9-folds) [28 (15.6-61.07) pg/ml vs. 14.9 (9.0-23.42) pg/ml, p = 0.0005)], while no significant differences for cortisol at mo-1 or ACTH concentrations on d-7 and mo-1 were evidenced (p > 0.50). From a multivariate logistic regression analysis, a small thymus at birth was a significant independent predictor of plasma cortisol concentrations in the top-quartile (OR = 14.4; 95% CI: 6.079-34.11), and plasma ACTH concentrations in the top-quartile (OR = 4.40 (95% CI: 1.99-9.74) on d-1 (results adjusted for variables significant at univariate analysis). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicated the presence of a previously unrecognized, early activation of the HPA axis in VLBW newborns with a small thymus at birth.
Asunto(s)
Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisario/fisiología , Recién Nacido de muy Bajo Peso/fisiología , Sistema Hipófiso-Suprarrenal/fisiología , Timo/fisiopatología , Hormona Adrenocorticotrópica/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Oportunidad Relativa , Timo/anatomía & histologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The template bleeding time is a test used to assess the hemostatic effectiveness of platelet/endothelial interactions. A modified template bleeding time, described over 15 years ago by Andrew et al., has been used to test this aspect of hemostasis in term and preterm infants, but questions remain regarding the effect of gestational age and postnatal age on results. The effect of the platelet count (platelets per microliter blood) and the circulating platelet mass (nl platelets per microliter blood) on the bleeding time of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients also require better definition. STUDY DESIGN: We measured template bleeding times on 240 neonates at Ospedale A Perrino, in Brindisi, Italy; studying groups of n=60 at the following gestational ages; <28 weeks, 29 to 32 weeks, 33 to 37 weeks and > or =38 weeks. In each group of 60 neonates, 20 were studied on the first day after birth, 20 were studied on day 10 and 20 were studied on day 30. A multivariate analysis was performed to examine various associations with bleeding time. RESULT: Bleeding times, on the first day of life, were shorter as gestational age increased. Those born <33 weeks gestation had bleeding times about twice that of those > or =38 weeks (P<0.001). Bleeding times tended to shorten between days 1 and 10. Little or no further shortening occurred between days 10 and 30, and by day 30 they were not statistically different between the various gestational age groups. No independent effect on bleeding time could be ascribed to gender, platelet count or circulating platelet mass, but independent effects were found for hematocrit (P<0.02) and gestational age (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: On the first day of life, preterm neonates have a longer bleeding time than do term neonates. By day of life 10, the bleeding times at all gestational ages are shorter and are indistinguishable on the basis of gestational age at birth. Additionally, since platelet counts as low as 110 000 per microliter did not prolong the bleeding time, we see no benefit of administering a platelet transfusion to a stable, nonbleeding, NICU patient with mild thrombocytopenia (platelet count 100 000 to 150 000 per microliter).
Asunto(s)
Tiempo de Sangría , Recién Nacido/fisiología , Recien Nacido Prematuro/fisiología , Edad Gestacional , Hematócrito , Hemostasis/fisiología , Humanos , Análisis Multivariante , Transfusión de Plaquetas , Trombocitopenia/fisiopatología , Trombocitopenia/terapiaRESUMEN
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurologic problems worldwide. In spite of the many studies carried out, our understanding of generalized epileptogenesis remains far from complete. In recent years many data have clarified the effects of sexual hormones on brain excitability. Female and male sexual hormones may be considered pharmacoactive compounds that alter the seizure threshold, changing the frequency and semeiology of the seizures. In particular, estrogens may increase neuronal excitability while progesterone enhances inhibitions and increases the seizure threshold; on the other hand, androgens can decrease ictal activity in the human brain. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge in this field and highlights some of the prevailing hypotheses about the effects of sexual hormones on neuronal excitability analysing data from both animal and clinical studies.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Epilepsia/fisiopatología , Hormonas Esteroides Gonadales/fisiología , Andrógenos/fisiología , Animales , Epilepsia/etiología , Estrógenos/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Neuronas/fisiología , Progesterona/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A familial predisposition to colorectal cancer (CRC) has been clearly established, consisting of familial clustering in 15-20% and clear hereditary aetiology in 5-10% of overall CRC cases. Early identification of families and individuals at high risk is essential as intensive surveillance has been demonstrated to reduce cancer incidence and overall mortality. In the present study, the value of oral mucosal light reflectance in identifying hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) carriers was investigated. METHODS: Twenty members of six different genetically unrelated HNPCC kindred and 30 genetically unrelated age and sex matched healthy controls were examined. Lower gingival and vestibular oral mucosal reflectance was measured using an imaging spectrophotometer. RESULTS: HNPCC carriers showed significantly lower values in the 590-700 nm wavelength range (pAsunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales Hereditarias sin Poliposis/diagnóstico
, Mucosa Bucal
, Espectrofotometría/métodos
, Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/genética
, Estudios de Casos y Controles
, Neoplasias Colorrectales Hereditarias sin Poliposis/genética
, Reparación de la Incompatibilidad de ADN
, Femenino
, Mutación de Línea Germinal
, Humanos
, Inmunohistoquímica
, Masculino
, Persona de Mediana Edad
, Homólogo 1 de la Proteína MutL
, Proteínas Nucleares/genética
, Factores de Riesgo
RESUMEN
The authors studied 40 epileptic patients treated with valproate and 40 healthy controls for at least 2 years. At the end of follow-up, 15 epileptic patients (37.5%) had development of obesity. They showed circulating leptin and insulin levels significantly higher and ghrelin and adiponectin levels significantly lower than those of patients who did not gain weight.
Asunto(s)
Adiponectina/sangre , Epilepsia/tratamiento farmacológico , Leptina/sangre , Obesidad/inducido químicamente , Hormonas Peptídicas/sangre , Ácido Valproico/efectos adversos , Tejido Adiposo/efectos de los fármacos , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticonvulsivantes/efectos adversos , Regulación del Apetito/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación del Apetito/fisiología , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Peso Corporal/fisiología , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/fisiología , Femenino , Ghrelina , Humanos , Insulina/sangre , Obesidad/sangre , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación hacia Arriba/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Photosensitivity is a condition detected on the electroencephalography (EEG) as a paroxysmal reaction to Intermittent Photic Stimulation (IPS). This EEG response, elicited by IPS or by other visual stimuli of daily life, is called Photo Paroxysmal Response (PPR). PPRs are well documented in epileptic and non-epileptic subjects. Photosensitivity rarely in normal individuals evolves into epilepsy. Photosensitive epilepsy is a rare refex epilepsy characterized by seizures in photosensitive individuals. The development of modern technology has increased the exposition to potential seizure precipitants in people of all ages, but especially in children and adolescents. Actually, videogames, computers and televisions are the most common triggers in daily life of susceptible persons. The mechanisms of generation of PPR are poorly understood, but genetic factors play an important rule. The control of visually induced seizures has, generally a good prognosis. In patients known to be visually sensitive, avoidance of obvious source and stimulus modifications are very important and useful to seizure prevention, but in the large majority of patients with epilepsy and photosensitivity antiepileptic drugs are needed.
Asunto(s)
Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapéutico , Epilepsia Refleja , Estimulación Luminosa/efectos adversos , Electroencefalografía , Epilepsia Refleja/diagnóstico , Epilepsia Refleja/genética , Epilepsia Refleja/fisiopatología , Epilepsia Refleja/terapia , Humanos , Factores Desencadenantes , Televisión , Juegos de Video/efectos adversosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes are found in only about half of clinically diagnosed families with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer syndrome (HNPCC) (or Lynch syndrome). Early identification of gene carriers is essential to reduce cancer incidence and overall mortality. AIMS: Recent evidence indicates an increase in size and number of sebaceous glands following activation of the hedgehog pathway, a crucial signalling pathway for animal development that is aberrantly activated in several types of cancer. Here we sought to assess a possible association between Fordyce granules (FGs-that is, ectopic sebaceous glands on the oral mucosa) and HNPCC. METHODS: A total of 15 members of five different genetically unrelated HNPCC kindreds (MLH1 gene mutation n = 8; undetectable MLH1 protein at immunochemistry n = 4; clinical diagnosis n = 3) and 630 genetically unrelated age and sex matched healthy controls were examined. Following examination of the oral mucosa surface, subjects were categorised as either FGs positive or FGs negative. RESULTS: Evidence of FGs was significantly associated with HNPCC (13/15 (86.7%) affected patients v 6/630 (0.95%) controls; p<0.0001), with a relative risk of 91.0 (95% confidence interval 40.05-206.76). The observed difference remained significant when carriers of germline mutations in MMR genes were considered (8/15 v 6/630; p<0.0001). The most common site for the FGs in HNPCC patients was the lower gingival and vestibular oral mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that a previously unrecognised activation of the sebaceous glands system occurs in HNPCC. The observation could be of value for attending physicians in identifying affected families and/or increase the accuracy of the currently available molecular genetics screenings.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales Hereditarias sin Poliposis/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales Hereditarias sin Poliposis/patología , Mutación de Línea Germinal , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Glándulas Sebáceas/patología , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica/métodos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Homólogo 1 de la Proteína MutLRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Chorioamnionitis (HCA) in term newborns is often subclinical and associated with neonatal morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of the pulse oximetry perfusion index (PI) in the early prediction of subclinical HCA in term newborns. METHODS: PI cut-off values were first identified in 51 term newborns with HCA and 115 matched controls, retrospectively categorised on the basis of placental histology (study phase 1). The PI thresholds obtained were subsequently tested on an unselected case series of 329 prospectively recruited, term newborns (study phase 2). PI was evaluated during the first five minutes after delivery. Initial illness severity and short term clinical outcomes were determined. RESULTS: In study phase 1, newborns with HCA had lower PI one and five minutes (p<0.0001) after delivery, lower one minute Apgar score (p = 0.017), lower cord blood base excess (p = 0.0001), together with higher rates of admission to neonatal intensive care unit (p = 0.0001) and endotracheal intubation (p = 0.017), and higher SNAP-PE (p<0.0001) and NTISS (p<0.0001) scores than those without HCA. In the prospective validation phase of the study, the PI cut-off values generated (one minute < or =1.74, five minutes < or =2.18) showed 100% sensitivity, 99.4% specificity, 93.7% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value in identifying subclinical HCA. Early identification of HCA was associated with a decreased rate of admission to intensive care (p = 0.012), as well as lower initial illness severity (p< or =0.0001) and therapeutic intensity (p = 0.0006) than the newborns with HCA in phase 1. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that early PI monitoring is helpful in identifying HCA in term newborns.
Asunto(s)
Corioamnionitis/diagnóstico , Puntaje de Apgar , Temperatura Corporal , Corioamnionitis/patología , Corioamnionitis/fisiopatología , Femenino , Sangre Fetal/metabolismo , Pie/irrigación sanguínea , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Oximetría/métodos , Embarazo , Estudios Prospectivos , Flujo Sanguíneo Regional , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
Chorioamnionitis (CA) is asymptomatic in a large fraction of the cases. Here, we report a case of a 39 weeks' gestation infant, with persistent fetal heart rate hypovariability as the only prenatal clinical sign in histologic CA.
Asunto(s)
Corioamnionitis/fisiopatología , Frecuencia Cardíaca Fetal , Nacimiento a Término , Adulto , Corioamnionitis/diagnóstico , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , EmbarazoRESUMEN
We report our investigations into the fabrication of nanostructures of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) via direct scanning near-field lithography of its soluble precursor. Our technique is based on the spatially selective inhibition of the precursor solubility by exposure to the ultraviolet optical field present at the apex of commercially available, Au-coated near-field probes with aperture diameters between 40 and 80 nm (+/-5 nm). After development in methanol and thermal conversion under vacuum we obtain features with a minimum dimension of 160 nm. We analyse our results via tapping-mode atomic force microscopy, and find a clear phase contrast between the core and the centre of the lithographed features, corroborating the hypothesis that hard, fully insolubilised regions are surrounded by a gel-like phase, which we estimate of the order of 110-130 nm for the smallest features, by comparing our experiments with simulations carried out using a Bethe-Bouwkamp model. Use of such model also allows us to discuss the influence of probe size, tip-sample distance, and film thickness on the resolution of the lithographic process. We demonstrate the use of the technique for the direct writing of two-dimensional periodic structures with intentional defects and a periodicity relevant to applications in the visible range.
RESUMEN
Neonatal status epilepticus (SE) is very rare and, to date, very little information exists on SE in preterm infants. Here, we report recurrent SE as a result of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in an extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infant, who had favorable neurodevelopment at a corrected age of 2 years. This clinical observation seems to indicate that recurrent SE does not exclude normal long-term neurodevelopment, even in ELBW infants.