RESUMEN
Salmonella enterica genotypic and phenotypic characteristics play an important role in its pathogenesis, which could be influenced by its origin. This study evaluated the association among the antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and origin of circulating S. enterica strains in Mexico, isolated from foods, humans, and the environment. The antimicrobial susceptibility to fourteen antibiotics by the Kirby-Bauer method (n = 117), and the presence of thirteen virulence genes by multiplex PCR (n = 153) and by sequence alignments (n = 2963) were evaluated. In addition, a set of S. enterica isolates from Mexico (n = 344) previously characterized according to their genotypic and phenotypic print was included to increase the coverage of the association analysis. Strains with the presence of sopE and strains with the absence of sspH1 were significantly associated with multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes (p < 0.05). The origin of the strains had significant associations with the antimicrobial profiles and some virulence genes (hilA, orgA, sifA, ssaQ, sseL, sspH1, pefA, and spvC) (p < 0.05). Animal-origin food isolates showed the highest frequency of MDR (57.2 %), followed by human isolates (30.0 %). Also, sspH1, pefA, and spvC were found in major frequency in human (32.4 %, 31.0 %, 31.7 %) and animal-origin foods (41.6 %, 10.6 %, 10.6 %) isolates. The findings highlighted that antimicrobial profiles and specific virulence genes of S. enterica strains are related to their origin. Similar genotypic and phenotypic characteristics between human and animal-origin foods isolates were found, suggesting that animal-origin foods isolates are the most responsible for human cases. The revealed associations can be used to improve risk estimation assessments in national food safety surveillance programs.
Asunto(s)
Salmonella enterica , Animales , Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Virulencia/genética , México , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/genética , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
There have always been concerns about the secondary effects of diagnostic methods that use ionizing radiation. During mammography, the parameters to be concerned about are the mean glandular dose and the scatter dose. We evaluated the dose of radiation to the breast, thyroid gland, and lens in digital mammography in women with and without implants, in tomosynthesis in women with and without implants, and in contrast-enhanced mammography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 212 women with and without disease who were attended at the Centro Clínico de Estereotaxia, CECLINES, in Caracas, Venezuela, between June 2017 and August 2017; the women were classified into five groups according to the mammographic modality used to evaluate them and whether or not they had implants. The statistical analysis included descriptive statistics for the study population. We used the Mann-Whitney U to compare the mean glandular dose and dose in the thyroid gland and lens between groups. RESULTS: The mean glandular dose and the dose of radiation received in the thyroid and lens were within the acceptable range. In a few exceptions, the mean glandular dose per view was slightly higher than 3â¯mGy. The scatter dose to the thyroid gland and the lens during mammography has a very small contribution to the annual dose equivalent. CONCLUSION: The mean glandular dose and the scatter dose to the thyroid gland and lens delivered during tomosynthesis and 2D mammography in women with implants were higher than those delivered during other mammographic techniques in women without implants.
Asunto(s)
Implantes de Mama , Glándulas Mamarias Humanas , Mamografía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Mamografía/efectos adversos , Mamografía/métodos , Dosis de Radiación , Glándula Tiroides/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
There have always been concerns about the secondary effects of diagnostic methods that use ionizing radiation. During mammography, the parameters to be concerned about are the mean glandular dose and the scatter dose. We evaluated the dose of radiation to the breast, thyroid gland, and lens in digital mammography in women with and without implants, in tomosynthesis in women with and without implants, and in contrast-enhanced mammography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 212 women with and without disease who were attended at the Centro Clínico de Estereotaxia, CECLINES, in Caracas, Venezuela, between June 2017 and August 2017; the women were classified into five groups according to the mammographic modality used to evaluate them and whether or not they had implants. The statistical analysis included descriptive statistics for the study population. We used the Mann-Whitney U to compare the mean glandular dose and dose in the thyroid gland and lens between groups. RESULTS: The mean glandular dose and the dose of radiation received in the thyroid and lens were within the acceptable range. In a few exceptions, the mean glandular dose per view was slightly higher than 3mGy. The scatter dose to the thyroid gland and the lens during mammography has a very small contribution to the annual dose equivalent. CONCLUSION: The mean glandular dose and the scatter dose to the thyroid gland and lens delivered during tomosynthesis and 2D mammography in women with implants were higher than those delivered during other mammographic techniques in women without implants.
RESUMEN
To date, the potency of allergen products in Europe is expressed in manufacturer-specific units relative to a product-specific in-house reference. Consequently, cross-product comparability of allergen products from different manufacturers with respect to strength and efficacy is impossible. The Biological Standardisation Programme (BSP) project BSP090 addresses this issue via the establishment of reference standards in conjunction with ELISA methods for the quantification of major allergens in allergen products. Since the initiation of BSP090, the recombinant major allergen Bet v 1 has been adopted by the European Pharmacopoeia Commission as a Chemical Reference Substance (CRS). In parallel, two sandwich ELISA systems for quantification of Bet v 1 were found suitable in preliminary phases of BSP090 to be validated in a large collaborative study. In this study, the candidate ELISA systems were compared with respect to accuracy, precision and variability. Thirteen participating laboratories tested model samples containing the CRS as well as spiked and unspiked birch pollen extracts. Both in pre-testing and in the collaborative study, the 2 candidate ELISA systems confirmed their suitability to quantify recombinant and native Bet v 1. As no clear-cut decision for one of the ELISA systems could be made based on the results of the collaborative study, a post-study testing was performed. Bet v 1 content of 30 birch pollen allergen products was determined in parallel in both ELISA systems. Consequently, 1 candidate ELISA system was selected to be proposed as the future European Pharmacopoeia standard method for Bet v 1 quantification.
Asunto(s)
Alérgenos/análisis , Antígenos de Plantas/análisis , Productos Biológicos/análisis , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Proteínas de Plantas/análisis , Alérgenos/inmunología , Antígenos de Plantas/inmunología , Productos Biológicos/inmunología , Productos Biológicos/normas , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/normas , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Proteínas de Plantas/inmunología , Proteínas de Plantas/normas , Control de Calidad , Estándares de Referencia , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
One of the main disadvantages of MTA is its long setting time which could result in higher solubility and microleakage, producing a failed treatment. Studies have shown that the addition of bioactive glass may decrease the setting time. The aim of this study is to evaluate the compressive strength, setting time, solubility and radiopacity of a MTAlike experimental cement to which different percentage of wollastonite and bioactive glass are added. White MTA Angelus® was used as control; an experimental MTA-like cement (ExpC) was prepared using white Portland cement with 20wt% of Bi2O3; three wollastonite cement composites were prepared adding 10, 20 and 30wt% of wollastonite to ExpC, and three more adding the same proportions of bioactive glass. Compressive strength was tested according to ADA 30; radiopacity, setting time and solubility were tested according to ISO 6876. SEM observations of the surface were made after the solubility test. Compressive strength, setting time, solubility and radiopacity were reduced as the wollastonite increased; solubility increased with the addition of bioactive glass. The surfaces of MTA Angelus® and ExpC were smoother than Wollastonite and Bioactive glass groups. Addition of wollastonite and bioactive glass improved the physical properties of a MTA-like experimental cement, reducing the setting time with good solubility percentages, which would be an advantage in its clinical use.
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Bismuto/química , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Cementos Dentales/química , Vidrio/química , Óxidos/química , Silicatos/química , Fuerza CompresivaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The BSP090 project aims at establishing European Pharmacopoeia Reference Substances in combination with the corresponding ELISA methods for the quantification of major allergens in allergen products. Two sandwich ELISAs proved suitable for quantification of Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen, in preceding phases of BSP090. METHODS: Two Bet v 1-specific ELISA systems were compared with respect to accuracy and precision in a ring trial including 13 laboratories. Model samples containing recombinant rBet v 1.0101 as well as native birch pollen extracts were measured independently at least three times in each facility. The assessment was completed with a comparative quantification of Bet v 1 in 30 marketed birch allergen products in one laboratory, simulating the future use as reference method. RESULTS: In the collaborative study, both candidate ELISAs confirmed their suitability to quantify recombinant and native Bet v 1. ELISA-A showed higher precision and lower interlaboratory variability, yet ELISA-B exhibited slightly higher accuracy. Subsequent parallel measurement of Bet v 1 in a panel of 'real-life' birch allergen products indicated better repeatability of ELISA-B. Both systems detected substantial differences in Bet v 1 content between allergen products, but the effect was more pronounced using ELISA-B due to persistently higher values compared to ELISA-A. CONCLUSIONS: In the collaborative study, no deciding differences were observed between the two candidate ELISAs. Further comparison under conditions simulating the intended use combined with the criterion of long-term availability enabled the selection of one Bet v 1-specific ELISA for proposal as European Pharmacopoeia standard method.
Asunto(s)
Alérgenos , Antígenos de Plantas , Productos Biológicos/normas , Alérgenos/inmunología , Antígenos de Plantas/inmunología , Betula/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Humanos , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is a high-incidence condition. Its diagnosis and treatment is shared between urologists and Primary Care physicians. Its management uses up a significant amount of resources. The Spanish Society of Primary Care Physicians (SEMERGEN), the Spanish Society of General Practitioners and Family Doctors (SEMG), the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC), and the Spanish Association of Urology (AEU) have prepared a document on the management and monitoring of BPH, in which the aim is to incorporate the latest evidence in order to update the previously published guidelines, and present them here in condensed form. The main objective of these new recommendations is to raise the awareness of Primary Care physicians and assist them in its diagnostic evaluation, treatment and monitoring, as well as providing unified consensus criteria for referral to the secondary care level.
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Síntomas del Sistema Urinario Inferior/terapia , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Hiperplasia Prostática/terapia , Consenso , Humanos , Síntomas del Sistema Urinario Inferior/etiología , Masculino , Atención Primaria de Salud , Hiperplasia Prostática/complicaciones , Hiperplasia Prostática/diagnóstico , Derivación y Consulta , EspañaRESUMEN
Two experiments were carried out to examine in vitro quality and in vivo fertility of rabbit semen diluted in ultra-high temperature (UHT) skim milk. In the first experiment, pooled ejaculates of 10 adult rabbits were divided in three aliquots. Each aliquot was diluted in saline solution, TrisC or UHTm extender and kept at room temperature for 24 h. Sperm quality assessment was performed during all the incubation periods. In the second experiment, 27 adult rabbit does were inseminated with semen incubated for 5 h. Embryo recovery was performed 96 h after insemination. Results showed that treatments diluted in UHTm registered the highest values of spermatozoon with total motility, intact and functional plasma membrane and greater number of embryos recovered in rabbit does. We conclude that UHT skim milk would be a good extender for improved intra-uterine insemination in rabbits and to keep sperm cells for several hours at room temperature.
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Calor , Leche , Preservación de Semen/métodos , Espermatozoides , Animales , Membrana Celular , Femenino , Fertilización , Inseminación Artificial , Masculino , Conejos , Análisis de Semen , Recuento de Espermatozoides , Motilidad EspermáticaRESUMEN
During the last decades fundamental and applied aspects of mammalian ram sperm cryopreservation have been increasingly explored by scientists and biotechnologists. Many works report modifications in the composition of the freezing extenders and explore the beneficial and detrimental effects of seminal plasma or seminal plasma components in cryopreservation. Seminal plasma is known to contain stabilizing proteins, thereby this is a good start point to study the maintenance of membrane stability based on the basic knowledge of sperm physiology. However, seminal plasma composition is variable among rams and also the introduction of exogenous seminal plasma or its fractions to commercial semen can be associated with the transmission of viral diseases. Our work shows that a mouse protein, called SPINK3 (Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal type 3) with decapacitating activity interacts with heterologous ram sperm when it is produced as a recombinant molecule. By immunocytochemistry assays we demonstrate that this protein (naturally expressed by mouse seminal vesicle under androgenic control) binds to the apical portion of both fresh and frozen ram sperm, the same localization described in mouse homologous sperm. Furthermore, it significantly improves sperm progressive motility compared to non-treated samples when it is added to freezing extenders and to dilution media after thawing. On the contrary, addition of SPINK3 does not modify sperm viability. The percentage of sperm with intact acrosome after ionophore induction was also significantly higher in sperm frozen in the presence of SPINK3 compared to control samples and the addition of SPINK3 after thawing significantly reduced both induced and non induced acrosomal loss, indicating that heterologous SPINK3 might act as a calcium inhibitor transport as described in mouse. Based on our results SPINK3 may find a place as a desirable biotechnological tool to achieve a higher proportion of competent sperm to fertilize.
Asunto(s)
Criopreservación/veterinaria , Glicoproteínas/farmacología , Proteínas de Secreción Prostática/farmacología , Preservación de Semen/veterinaria , Ovinos/fisiología , Capacitación Espermática/efectos de los fármacos , Espermatozoides/fisiología , Animales , Criopreservación/métodos , Crioprotectores , Masculino , Unión Proteica , Transporte de Proteínas , Preservación de Semen/métodos , Capacitación Espermática/fisiologíaAsunto(s)
Anafilaxia/inducido químicamente , Diospyros/efectos adversos , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/etiología , Anafilaxia/sangre , Anafilaxia/diagnóstico , Anafilaxia/tratamiento farmacológico , Anafilaxia/inmunología , Antialérgicos/uso terapéutico , Biomarcadores/sangre , Niño , Diospyros/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/sangre , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/inmunología , Frutas , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Pruebas Intradérmicas , Masculino , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
We have already shown that seminal collection method affects seminal plasma composition and sperm quality in Corriedale rams. In this study, we evaluated the effect of seminal plasma collected by electroejaculation or artificial vagina on sperm resistance to cryodamage. Seminal plasma of five rams of the Corriedale breed collected by artificial vagina or electroejaculation was added before freezing to sperm cells collected by the two methods, and post-thaw quality parameters were evaluated. We found that seminal plasma has no effect on sperm resistance to cryodamage. However, we observed significantly higher percentages of sperm with intact and functional plasma membrane, intact acrosome and greater fertilizing potential after thawing in samples obtained by electroejaculation. This study demonstrates that sperm collected by electroejaculation are more resistant to damage caused by cryopreservation than those collected by artificial vagina.
Asunto(s)
Criopreservación/veterinaria , Eyaculación/fisiología , Estimulación Eléctrica/métodos , Preservación de Semen/veterinaria , Semen/fisiología , Ovinos/fisiología , Animales , MasculinoRESUMEN
We recently reported that deletion of the stress-regulated nuclear protein 1 (Nupr1) protected against obesity-associated metabolic alterations due to increased beta cell mass, but complete Nupr1 ablation was not advantageous since it led to insulin resistance on a normal diet. The current study used Nupr1 haplodeficient mice to investigate whether a partial reduction in Nupr1 expression conferred beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis. Islet number, morphology and area, assessed by immunofluorescence and morphometric analyses, were not altered in Nupr1 haplodeficient mice under normal diet conditions and nor was beta cell BrdU incorporation. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests indicated that there were no significant changes in in vivo insulin secretion and glucose clearance in Nupr1 haplodeficient mice, and beta cell function in vitro was normal. However, reduced Nupr1 expression decreased visceral fat deposition and significantly increased insulin sensitivity in vivo. In contrast to wild type animals, high fat diet-fed Nupr1 haplodeficient mice were not hyperinsulinaemic or glucose intolerant, and their sustained insulin sensitivity was demonstrated by appropriate insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation, as determined by Western blotting. At the molecular level, measurements of gene expression levels and promoter activities identified Nupr1-dependent inhibition of heat shock factor-1-induced heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression as a mechanism through which Nupr1 regulates insulin sensitivity. We have shown for the first time that Nupr1 plays a central role in inhibiting Hsp70 expression in tissues regulating glucose homeostasis, and reductions in Nupr1 expression could be used to protect against the metabolic defects associated with obesity-induced insulin resistance.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Intolerancia a la Glucosa/genética , Proteínas HSP70 de Choque Térmico/genética , Resistencia a la Insulina/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Animales , Western Blotting , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Expresión Génica , Intolerancia a la Glucosa/etiología , Intolerancia a la Glucosa/metabolismo , Proteínas HSP70 de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Inmunohistoquímica , Insulina/metabolismo , Secreción de Insulina , Islotes Pancreáticos/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Fosforilación , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Factores de Tiempo , Regulación hacia ArribaRESUMEN
The conceptual structure of the field of Animal Science (AS) research is examined by means of a longitudinal science mapping analysis. The whole of the AS research field is analysed, revealing its conceptual evolution. To this end, an automatic approach to detecting and visualizing hidden themes or topics and their evolution across a consecutive span of years was applied to AS publications of the JCR category 'Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science' during the period 1945-2011. This automatic approach was based on a coword analysis and combines performance analysis and science mapping. To observe the conceptual evolution of AS, six consecutive periods were defined: 1945-1969, 1970-1979, 1980-1989, 1990-1999, 2000-2005 and 2006-2011. Research in AS was identified as having focused on ten main thematic areas: ANIMAL-FEEDING, SMALL-RUMINANTS, ANIMAL-REPRODUCTION, DAIRY-PRODUCTION, MEAT-QUALITY, SWINE-PRODUCTION, GENETICS-AND-ANIMAL-BREEDING, POULTRY, ANIMAL-WELFARE and GROWTH-FACTORS-AND-FATTY-ACIDS. The results show how genomic studies gain in weight and integrate with other thematic areas. The whole of AS research has become oriented towards an overall framework in which animal welfare, sustainable management and human health play a major role. All this would affect the future structure and management of livestock farming.
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Agricultura/tendencias , Agricultura/estadística & datos numéricos , Experimentación Animal , Animales , Análisis por Conglomerados , Industria Lechera/tendencias , Minería de Datos/métodos , Genómica , Edición/estadística & datos numéricos , Programas InformáticosAsunto(s)
Cactaceae/efectos adversos , Urticaria/etiología , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunologíaRESUMEN
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of seminal collection method (artificial vagina or electroejaculation) on the protein composition of seminal plasma and sperm quality parameters in Corriedale rams. To address this question, we assessed the effect of seminal collection method on motility, plasma membrane integrity and functionality, mitochondrial functionality and the decondensation state of nuclear chromatin in sperm cells. Volume, pH, osmolarity, protein concentration, total protein content and protein profile using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and 2-D polyacrylamide electrophoresis of seminal plasma collected with artificial vagina and electroejaculation were also analysed. The main findings from this study were that ejaculates obtained with electroejaculation had (i) a higher number of spermatozoa with intact plasma membrane and functional mitochondria and (ii) a higher proportion of seminal plasma, total protein content and relative abundance of low molecular weight proteins than ejaculates obtained with artificial vagina. Five of these proteins were identified by mass spectrometry: binder of sperm 5 precursor; RSVP14; RSVP22; epididymal secretory protein E1 and clusterin. One protein spot with molecular weight of approximately 31 kDa and isoelectric point of 4.8 was only found in the seminal plasma from electroejaculation.
Asunto(s)
Eyaculación/fisiología , Estimulación Eléctrica/métodos , Semen/química , Ovinos/fisiología , Animales , Masculino , Semen/metabolismo , Análisis de Semen/veterinaria , Recuento de EspermatozoidesAsunto(s)
Anomalías Múltiples/diagnóstico , Anafilaxia/diagnóstico , Capsicum/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidad al Látex/diagnóstico , Anomalías Múltiples/inmunología , Adulto , Alérgenos/inmunología , Anafilaxia/inmunología , Antígenos de Plantas/inmunología , Reacciones Cruzadas , Femenino , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/inmunología , Frutas/efectos adversos , Humanos , Immunoblotting , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad al Látex/inmunología , SíndromeRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To prepare a protocol for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) agreed by the majority of Spanish ophthalmologists dedicated to this topic. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A draft of the protocol was produced taking into account the experience of the participants and up to date publications. This draft was corrected by all the ophthalmologists participating in the project, and the final document was agreed by all of them. RESULTS: We present general guidelines as an aid for the treatment of ROP, including treatment criteria, treatment methods, a calendar of action, and follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to have a common working protocol for the treatment of ROP to improve care and to avoid mistakes. Although individual Hospitals may adapt the protocol to their daily activity, it is recommended that there is a minimal working protocol agreed by most of professionals dedicated to pediatric ophthalmology in Spain.