RESUMEN
Delayed wound healing is commonly associated with diabetes. It may lead to amputation and death if not treated in a timely fashion. Limited treatments are available partially due to the poor understanding of the complex disease pathophysiology. Here, we investigated the role of leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) in normal and diabetic wound healing. First, our data showed that LRG1 was significantly increased at the inflammation stage of murine wound healing, and bone marrow-derived cells served as a major source of LRG1. LRG1 deletion causes impaired immune cell infiltration, reepithelialization, and angiogenesis. As a consequence, there is a significant delay in wound closure. On the other hand, LRG1 was markedly induced in diabetic wounds in both humans and mice. LRG1-deficient mice were resistant to diabetes-induced delay in wound repair. We further demonstrated that this could be explained by the mitigation of increased neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in diabetic wounds. Mechanistically, LRG1 mediates NETosis in an Akt-dependent manner through TGFß type I receptor kinase ALK5. Taken together, our studies demonstrated that LRG1 derived from bone marrow cells is required for normal wound healing, revealing a physiological role for this glycoprotein, but that excess LRG1 expression in diabetes is pathogenic and contributes to chronic wound formation.
Asunto(s)
Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal/fisiología , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Cicatrización de Heridas/genética , Cicatrización de Heridas/fisiología , Animales , Células de la Médula Ósea/fisiología , Trasplante de Médula Ósea , Línea Celular , Proliferación Celular/fisiología , Diabetes Mellitus , Pie Diabético/metabolismo , Pie Diabético/patología , Células Epiteliales/fisiología , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Glicoproteínas/genética , Humanos , Selectina L , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Neovascularización Fisiológica/fisiología , Neutrófilos/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Mass cytometry is flow cytometry based on single cell mass spectrometry with decreased crosstalk between channels and an ability to probe >40 parameters per cell, making it well suited for multiplexed assays. Peptide major histocompatibility (MHC) tetramer staining allows direct detection of antigen specific cells and is also amenable to multiplexing/combinatorial approaches. Here we describe methods for multiplexed pMHC-tetramer staining using mass cytometry.