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1.
Heliyon ; 10(17): e37311, 2024 Sep 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39296044

RESUMEN

ST6GAL2, a member of the sialoglycosyltransferase family, primarily localizes within the cellular Golgi apparatus. However, the role of the ST6GAL2 gene in skeletal muscle growth and development remains elusive. In this study, the impact of the ST6GAL2 gene on the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of primary chicken myoblasts at the cellular level was investigated. Quantitative fluorescent PCR was used to measure the expression levels of genes. Subsequently, using gene knockout mice, we assessed its effects on skeletal muscle growth and development in vivo. Our findings reveal that the ST6GAL2 gene promotes the expression of cell cycle and proliferation-related genes, including CCNB2 and PCNA, and apoptosis-related genes, such as Fas and Caspase-9. At the individual level, double knockout of ST6GAL2 inhibited the formation of both fast and slow muscle fibers in the quadriceps, extensor digitorum longus, and tibial anterior muscle, while promoting their formation in the gastrocnemius and soleus. These results collectively demonstrate that the ST6GAL2 gene facilitates the proliferation, apoptosis, and fusion processes of primary chicken myoblasts. Additionally, it promotes the enlargement of cross-sectional muscle fiber areas and regulates the formation of fast and slow muscle fibers at the individual level, albeit inhibiting muscle fusion. This study provides valuable insights into the role of the ST6GAL2 gene in promoting proliferation of skeletal muscle.

2.
Zool Res ; 45(5): 1088-1107, 2024 Sep 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39245652

RESUMEN

The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis represents a central neuroendocrine network essential for reproductive function. Despite its critical role, the intrinsic heterogeneity within the HPO axis across vertebrates and the complex intercellular interactions remain poorly defined. This study provides the first comprehensive, unbiased, cell type-specific molecular profiling of all three components of the HPO axis in adult Lohmann layers and Liangshan Yanying chickens. Within the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary, seven, 12, and 13 distinct cell types were identified, respectively. Results indicated that the pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin (PRL) signaling pathways may modulate the synthesis and secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), FSH, and luteinizing hormone (LH) within the hypothalamus and pituitary. In the ovary, interactions between granulosa cells and oocytes involved the KIT, CD99, LIFR, FN1, and ANGPTL signaling pathways, which collectively regulate follicular maturation. The SEMA4 signaling pathway emerged as a critical mediator across all three tissues of the HPO axis. Additionally, gene expression analysis revealed that relaxin 3 (RLN3), gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), and cocaine- and amphetamine regulated transcripts (CART, also known as CARTPT) may function as novel endocrine hormones, influencing the HPO axis through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine pathways. Comparative analyses between Lohmann layers and Liangshan Yanying chickens demonstrated higher expression levels of GRP, RLN3, CARTPT, LHCGR, FSHR, and GRPR in the ovaries of Lohmann layers, potentially contributing to their superior reproductive performance. In conclusion, this study provides a detailed molecular characterization of the HPO axis, offering novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying reproductive biology.


Asunto(s)
Pollos , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisario , Ovario , Animales , Femenino , Pollos/genética , Pollos/fisiología , Ovario/metabolismo , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisario/metabolismo , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisario/fisiología , RNA-Seq , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Hipófisis/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal
3.
J Genet Genomics ; 2024 Aug 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39147128

RESUMEN

Avian ovaries develop asymmetrically apart from prey birds, with only the left ovary growing more towards functional organ. Here, we analyze over 135,000 cells from chick's left and right ovaries at six distinct embryonic developmental stages utilizing single-cell transcriptome sequencing. We delineate gene expression patterns across 15 cell types within these embryo ovaries, revealing side-specific development. The left ovaries exhibit cortex cells, zygotene germ cells, and transcriptional changes unique to the left side. Differential gene expression analysis further identifies specific markers and pathways active in these cell types, highlighting the asymmetry in ovarian development. A fine-scale analysis of the germ cell meiotic transcriptome reveals seven distinct clusters with gene expression patterns specific to various meiotic stages. The study also identifies signaling pathways and intercellular communications, particularly between pre-granulosa and germ cells. Spatial transcriptome analysis shows the asymmetry, demonstrating cortex cells exclusively in the left ovary, modulating neighboring cell types through putative secreted signaling molecules. Overall, this single-cell analysis provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of the asymmetric development of avian ovaries, particularly the significant role of cortex cells in the left ovary.

4.
Sci Total Environ ; 947: 174734, 2024 Oct 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39002589

RESUMEN

The ongoing and progressive evolution of antibiotic resistance presents escalating challenges for the clinical management and prevention of bacterial infections. Understanding the makeup of resistance genomes and accurately quantifying the current abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are crucial for assessing the threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to public health. This comprehensive study investigated the distribution and diversity of bacterial community composition, ARGs, and virulence factors (VFs) across human, chicken, pig fecal, and soil microbiomes in various provinces of China. As a result, multidrug resistance was identified across all samples. Core ARGs primarily related to multidrug, MLS (Macrolides-Lincosamide-Streptogramins), and tetracycline resistance were characterized. A significant correlation between ARGs and bacterial taxa was observed, especially in soil samples. Probiotic strains such as Lactobacillus harbored ARGs, potentially contributing to the dissemination of antibiotic resistance. We screened subsets of ARGs from samples from different sources as indicators to assess the level of ARGs contamination in samples, with high accuracy. These results underline the complex relationship between microbial communities, resistance mechanisms, and environmental factors, emphasizing the importance of continued research and monitoring to better understand these dynamics.


Asunto(s)
Pollos , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Heces , Microbiota , Microbiología del Suelo , Animales , Heces/microbiología , Pollos/microbiología , Porcinos , Humanos , Microbiota/efectos de los fármacos , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana/genética , China , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Metagenómica , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias/genética , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/genética
5.
Imeta ; 3(3): e185, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38898981

RESUMEN

The vaginal microbiome plays an essential role in the reproductive health of human females. As infertility increases worldwide, understanding the roles that the vaginal microbiome may have in infertility and in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment outcomes is critical. To determine the vaginal microbiome composition of 1411 individuals (1255 undergoing embryo transplantation) and their associations with reproductive outcomes, clinical and biochemical features are measured, and vaginal samples are 16S rRNA sequenced. Our results suggest that both too high and too low abundance of Lactobacillus is not beneficial for pregnancy; a moderate abundance is more beneficial. A moderate abundance of Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus iners (~80%) (with a pregnancy rate of I-B: 54.35% and III-B: 57.73%) is found beneficial for pregnancy outcomes compared with a higher abundance (>90%) of Lactobacillus (I-A: 44.81% and III-A: 51.06%, respectively). The community state type (CST) IV-B (contains a high to moderate relative abundance of Gardnerella vaginalis) shows a similar pregnant ratio (48.09%) with I-A and III-A, and the pregnant women in this CST have a higher abundance of Lactobacillus species. Metagenome analysis of 71 samples shows that nonpregnant women are detected with more antibiotic-resistance genes, and Proteobacteria and Firmicutes are the main hosts. The inherent differences within and between women in different infertility groups suggest that vaginal microbes might be used to detect infertility and potentially improve IVF outcomes.

6.
Imeta ; 3(2): e182, 2024 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38882487

RESUMEN

The Microbiome Protocols eBook (MPB) serves as a crucial bridge, filling gaps in microbiome protocols for both wet experiments and data analysis. The first edition, launched in 2020, featured 152 meticulously curated protocols, garnering widespread acclaim. We now extend a sincere invitation to researchers to participate in the upcoming 2nd version of MPB, contributing their valuable protocols to advance microbiome research.

7.
Adv Sci (Weinh) ; 11(24): e2305706, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38582509

RESUMEN

Haplotype-resolved 3D chromatin architecture related to allelic differences in avian skeletal muscle development has not been addressed so far, although chicken husbandry for meat consumption has been prevalent feature of cultures on every continent for more than thousands of years. Here, high-resolution Hi-C diploid maps (1.2-kb maximum resolution) are generated for skeletal muscle tissues in chicken across three developmental stages (embryonic day 15 to day 30 post-hatching). The sequence features governing spatial arrangement of chromosomes and characterize homolog pairing in the nucleus, are identified. Multi-scale characterization of chromatin reorganization between stages from myogenesis in the fetus to myofiber hypertrophy after hatching show concordant changes in transcriptional regulation by relevant signaling pathways. Further interrogation of parent-of-origin-specific chromatin conformation supported that genomic imprinting is absent in birds. This study also reveals promoter-enhancer interaction (PEI) differences between broiler and layer haplotypes in skeletal muscle development-related genes are related to genetic variation between breeds, however, only a minority of breed-specific variations likely contribute to phenotypic divergence in skeletal muscle potentially via allelic PEI rewiring. Beyond defining the haplotype-specific 3D chromatin architecture in chicken, this study provides a rich resource for investigating allelic regulatory divergence among chicken breeds.


Asunto(s)
Pollos , Haplotipos , Músculo Esquelético , Animales , Pollos/genética , Haplotipos/genética , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Mapeo Cromosómico/métodos , Genoma/genética
8.
Genome Res ; 34(2): 310-325, 2024 03 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38479837

RESUMEN

In diploid mammals, allele-specific three-dimensional (3D) genome architecture may lead to imbalanced gene expression. Through ultradeep in situ Hi-C sequencing of three representative somatic tissues (liver, skeletal muscle, and brain) from hybrid pigs generated by reciprocal crosses of phenotypically and physiologically divergent Berkshire and Tibetan pigs, we uncover extensive chromatin reorganization between homologous chromosomes across multiple scales. Haplotype-based interrogation of multi-omic data revealed the tissue dependence of 3D chromatin conformation, suggesting that parent-of-origin-specific conformation may drive gene imprinting. We quantify the effects of genetic variations and histone modifications on allelic differences of long-range promoter-enhancer contacts, which likely contribute to the phenotypic differences between the parental pig breeds. We also observe the fine structure of somatically paired homologous chromosomes in the pig genome, which has a functional implication genome-wide. This work illustrates how allele-specific chromatin architecture facilitates concomitant shifts in allele-biased gene expression, as well as the possible consequential phenotypic changes in mammals.


Asunto(s)
Cromatina , Cromosomas , Animales , Porcinos/genética , Cromatina/genética , Haplotipos , Cromosomas/genética , Genoma , Mamíferos/genética
9.
Front Microbiol ; 15: 1322316, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38505545

RESUMEN

Forest musk deer is the most important animal for natural musk production, and the musk composition changes periodically during musk secretion, accompanied by variation in the com-position of deer-symbiotic bacteria. GC-MS and 16S rRNA sequencing were conducted in this study, the dynamic changes to correlated chemical composition and the microbiota across musk secretion periods (prime musk secretion period, vigorous musk secretion period and late musk secretion period) were investigated by integrating its serum testosterone level in different mating states. Results showed that the testosterone level, musk composition and microbiota changed with annual cycle of musk secretion and affected by its mating state. Muscone and the testosterone level peaked at vigorous musk secretion period, and the microbiota of this stage was distinct from the other 2 periods. Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were dominant bacteria across musk secretion period. PICRUSt analysis demonstrated that bacteria were ubiquitous in musk pod and involved in the metabolism of antibiotics and terpenoids in musk. "Carbohydrates and amino acids," "fatty acids and CoA" and "secretion of metabolites" were enriched at 3 periods, respectively. Pseudomonas, Corynebacterium, Clostridium, Sulfuricurvum were potential biomarkers across musk secretion. This study provides a more comprehensive understanding of genetic mechanism during musk secretion, emphasizing the importance of Actinobacteria and Corynebacterium in the synthesis of muscone and etiocholanone during musk secretion, which required further validation.

10.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 2212, 2024 01 26.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38278859

RESUMEN

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role as transcription regulators in various aspects of follicular development, including steroidogenesis, ovulation, apoptosis, and gene regulation in poultry. However, there is a paucity of studies examining the specific impact of miRNAs on ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) across multiple grades in laying hens. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the roles of miRNAs in chicken GCs. By constructing miRNA expression profiles of GCs at 10 different time points, encompassing 4 pre-hierarchical, 5 preovulatory, and 1 postovulatory follicles stage, we identified highly expressed miRNAs involved in GC differentiation (miR-148a-3p, miR-143-3p), apoptosis (let7 family, miR-363-3p, miR-30c-5p, etc.), and autophagy (miR-128-3p, miR-21-5p). Furthermore, we discovered 48 developmentally dynamic miRNAs (DDMs) that target 295 dynamic differentially expressed genes (DDGs) associated with follicular development and selection (such as oocyte meiosis, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, Wnt signaling pathway, TGF-ß signaling pathway) as well as follicular regression (including autophagy and cellular senescence). These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the intricate mechanisms underlying follicle recruitment, selection, and degeneration, aiming to enhance poultry's reproductive capacity.


Asunto(s)
Pollos , MicroARNs , Femenino , Animales , Pollos/genética , Pollos/metabolismo , Folículo Ovárico/metabolismo , Células de la Granulosa/metabolismo , Expresión Génica , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , MicroARNs/metabolismo
11.
Exp Gerontol ; 186: 112359, 2024 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38184267

RESUMEN

Aging is a gradual process of natural change that occurs after reaching sexual maturity. It is also a known risk factor for many chronic diseases. Recent research has shown that senolytics can extend the lifespans and health spans of model organisms, and they have also been demonstrated effective in treating age-related diseases. In this study, we conducted a high-throughput screening of 156 drugs that targeted the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to identify potential senolytic medications. Among these drugs, PF-04691502 was selected for further investigation to understand its molecular mechanism of action. Our findings indicate that PF-04691502, a dual inhibitor of PI3K/AKT and mTOR, specifically eliminates senescent cells. It reduces the expression levels of key markers of cellular senescence, such as SA-ß-Gal, senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs) and p16INK4a. Additionally, PF-04691502 inhibits the phosphorylation of S6K and AKT, leading to the apoptosis of senescent cells. These results suggest that PF-04691502 holds promise as a new senolytic drug. This paper provides important insights into the potential application of PF-04691502 in the study of cell senescence.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt , Piridonas , Pirimidinas , Senoterapéuticos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Senescencia Celular , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo
12.
Animals (Basel) ; 13(23)2023 Nov 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38067023

RESUMEN

The gut microbiota plays a critical role in the growth, development, nutritional digestion, and overall health of chickens. Furthermore, certain probiotics isolated from poultry intestines have demonstrated the potential to enhance immune function and production performance in chickens. To investigate the differences in gut microbiota among chickens from various geographical environments and different breeds of broiler and laying hens, we conducted 16S rRNA sequencing on the fecal microbiota of 140 Chinese native chickens and ten Roman layers. In addition, we isolated and screened the potential probiotics to examine their biological characteristics, genome profiles, and functionality in animals. Our findings revealed the significant variations in gut microbiota composition and structure between Tibetan chickens (ZJ), which reside in high-altitude regions, and Meihua chickens (MH) and Xuhai chickens (XH), which inhabit low-altitude regions. Specifically, Cupriavidus and Candidatus_Bacilloplasma were identified as unique microbial communities in high and low altitudes, respectively. Notably, among regions with similar altitudes, Luning chickens (LN) exhibited the lowest α diversity, accompanied by a remarkably high relative abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus. Conversely, Wugu chickens (WGs) and Yaoshan chickens (YSs) displayed similar gut microbiota profiles. Furthermore, distinctive gut microbiota patterns were observed between the different breeds of broilers and laying hens. Commercial Roman layers (LMs) exhibited significantly lower alpha diversity compared to native chickens, and broilers and laying hens predominantly harbored Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Proteobacteria. Of particular interest, the probiotics Lactobacillus agilis MH1 and Lactobacillus salivarius ZJ1, derived from chicken feces, exhibited favorable genomic profiles, and demonstrated anti-colitis effects and immunomodulatory functions. These findings provide a crucial theoretical foundation for native chicken research and offer insights for the future development and formulation of chicken-derived probiotics.

13.
J Biol Chem ; 299(12): 105414, 2023 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37918806

RESUMEN

The proteins that coordinate the complex transcriptional networks of aging have not been completely documented. Protein 14-3-3zeta is an adaptor protein that coordinates signaling and transcription factor networks, but its function in aging is not fully understood. Here, we showed that the protein expression of 14-3-3zeta gradually increased during aging. High levels of 14-3-3zeta led to shortened lifespan and imbalance of intestinal immune homeostasis in Drosophila, but the decrease in 14-3-3zeta protein levels by RNAi was able to significantly promote the longevity and intestinal immune homeostasis of fruit flies. Importantly, we demonstrate that adult-onset administration of TIC10, a compound that reduces the aging-related AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways, rescues the shortened lifespan of 14-3-3zeta-overexpressing flies. This finding suggests that 14-3-3zeta plays a critical role in regulating the aging process. Our study elucidates the role of 14-3-3zeta in natural aging and provides the rationale for subsequent 14-3-3zeta-based antiaging research.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas 14-3-3 , Envejecimiento , Proteínas de Drosophila , Drosophila melanogaster , Intestinos , Animales , Proteínas 14-3-3/genética , Proteínas 14-3-3/metabolismo , Envejecimiento/genética , Drosophila melanogaster/crecimiento & desarrollo , Drosophila melanogaster/inmunología , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Longevidad , Transducción de Señal , Intestinos/inmunología
14.
PLoS One ; 18(11): e0293088, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38011252

RESUMEN

Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) exert various effects on strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duchesne) yields. In this study, we employed an orthogonal experimental design (T1-T9) with three fertilization treatments (N, P, and K) at three levels to identify an optimal fertilization scheme for strawberry cultivation. The effects of fertilizer combinations the rhizosphere soil microbial community were also explored by using bacterial full-length 16S rRNA and fungal ITS (internal transcribed spacer) sequencing (30 samples for each analysis). The results showed that the average plant height and leaf area of the fertilized groups were 24.6% and 41.6% higher than those of the non-fertilized group (T0). After 60 d of planting, the sucrase activity in the T6 group increased by 76.67% compared to the T0 group, with phosphate fertilizer exerting a more significant impact on sucrase activity. The T6 treatment group had the highest alpha diversity index among bacterial and fungal microorganisms, and had a different microbial community structure compared with the control group. The most abundant bacterial taxa in the strawberry rhizosphere soil were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Acidobacteriota, and the most abundant fungal phyla were Monoblepharomycota, Glomeromycota, and Mucoromycota. Application of the optimal combined fertilizer treatment (T6) significantly increased the abundance of Proteobacteria and altered the abundance of Gemmatimonas compared to other treatment groups. Notably, Gemmatimonas abundance positively correlated with strawberry plant height and soil N, P, and K levels. These findings indicated that the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria could be enhanced by the application of an optimal fertilizer ratio, ultimately improving strawberry agronomic traits.


Asunto(s)
Fragaria , Microbiota , Fragaria/genética , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Fertilizantes/análisis , Suelo/química , Bacterias/genética , Sacarasa , Microbiología del Suelo
15.
G3 (Bethesda) ; 14(1)2023 Dec 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37832513

RESUMEN

Ovarian follicle development is a complex and well-orchestrated biological process of great economic significance for poultry production. Specifically, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying follicular development is essential for high-efficiency follicular development can benefit the entire industry. In addition, domestic egg-laying hens often spontaneously develop ovarian cancer, providing an opportunity to study the genetic, biochemical, and environmental risk factors associated with the development of this cancer. Here, we provide high-quality RNA sequencing data for chicken follicular granulosa cells across 10 developmental stages, which resulted in a total of 204.57 Gb of clean sequencing data (6.82 Gb on average per sample). We also performed gene expression, time-series, and functional enrichment analyses across the 10 developmental stages. Our study revealed that SWF (small while follicle), F1 (F1 hierarchical follicles), and POFs (postovulatory follicles) best represent the transcriptional changes associated with the prehierarchical, preovulatory, and postovulatory stages, respectively. We found that the preovulatory stage F1 showed the greatest divergence in gene expression from the POF stage. Our research lays a foundation for further elucidation of egg-laying performance of chicken and human ovarian disease.


Asunto(s)
Pollos , Folículo Ovárico , Femenino , Animales , Humanos , Pollos/genética , Folículo Ovárico/metabolismo , Células de la Granulosa/química , Células de la Granulosa/metabolismo , Secuencia de Bases , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo
16.
Sci Data ; 10(1): 453, 2023 07 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37438471

RESUMEN

The storage of lipids as energy in adipose tissue (AT) has been conserved over the course of evolution. However, substantial differences in ATs physiological activities were reported among species. Hence, establishing the mechanisms shaping evolutionarily divergence in ATs transcriptomes could provide a deeper understanding of AT regulation and its roles in obesity-related diseases. While previous studies performed anatomical, physiological and morphological comparisons between ATs across different species, little is currently understood at the molecular phenotypic levels. Here, we characterized transcriptional and lipidomic profiles of available subcutaneous and visceral ATs samples across 15 vertebrate species, spanning more than 300 million years of evolution, including placental mammals, birds and reptiles. We provide detailed descriptions of the datasets produced in this study and report gene expression and lipid profiles across samples. We demonstrate these data are robust and reveal the AT transcriptome and lipidome vary greater among species than within the same species. These datasets may serve as a resource for future studies on the functional differences among ATs in vertebrate species.


Asunto(s)
Lipidómica , Transcriptoma , Vertebrados , Animales , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Mamíferos , Vertebrados/genética
17.
Nat Commun ; 14(1): 3457, 2023 06 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37308492

RESUMEN

Using an adult female miniature pig model with diet-induced weight gain/weight loss, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms of three-dimensional (3D) genome architecture in adipose tissues (ATs) associated with obesity. We generated 249 high-resolution in situ Hi-C chromatin contact maps of subcutaneous AT and three visceral ATs, analyzing transcriptomic and chromatin architectural changes under different nutritional treatments. We find that chromatin architecture remodeling underpins transcriptomic divergence in ATs, potentially linked to metabolic risks in obesity development. Analysis of chromatin architecture among subcutaneous ATs of different mammals suggests the presence of transcriptional regulatory divergence that could explain phenotypic, physiological, and functional differences in ATs. Regulatory element conservation analysis in pigs and humans reveals similarities in the regulatory circuitry of genes responsible for the obesity phenotype and identified non-conserved elements in species-specific gene sets that underpin AT specialization. This work provides a data-rich tool for discovering obesity-related regulatory elements in humans and pigs.


Asunto(s)
Cromatina , Aumento de Peso , Adulto , Humanos , Femenino , Porcinos , Animales , Obesidad , Tejido Adiposo , Ensamble y Desensamble de Cromatina , Pérdida de Peso , Mamíferos
18.
Animals (Basel) ; 13(10)2023 May 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37238107

RESUMEN

Muskrat musk is considered to be a potential substitute for traditional musk. However, little is known about the similarity between muskrat musk and musk, and whether it is related to muskrat age. In this study, muskrat musk (MR1, MR2, and MR3) were from 1, 2, and 3-year-old muskrats, respectively, and white musk (WM) and brown musk (BM) were picked from male forest musk deer. The results indicated that muskrat musk had higher similarity to WM than BM. Further research showed that RM3 had the highest matched degree with WM. By significantly different metabolite analysis, we found that 52 metabolites continue to increase from 1- to 3-year-old muskrats. In total, 7 and 15 metabolites were significantly decreased in RM1 vs. RM2 and RM2 vs. RM3, respectively. Meanwhile, 30 and 17 signaling pathways were observed from increased and decreased metabolites, respectively. The increased metabolites mainly entailed enrichment in amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and fatty acid biosynthesis. In conclusion, muskrat musk from three-year-old muskrat is a relatively good substitute for white musk, and the result also implies that these biological processes of amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and fatty acid biosynthesis are beneficial to the secretion of muskrat musk.

19.
Genes (Basel) ; 14(5)2023 04 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37239358

RESUMEN

The Mountainous Meihua chicken is a unique regional germplasm resource from Tongjiang County, Bazhong City, China, but its genetic structure and evolutionary relationships with other native chicken breeds in the Sichuan region remain unclear. Here, we analyzed a total of 469 sequences, including 199 Mountainous Meihua chicken sequences generated in this study, together with 30 sequences representing 13 clades and 240 sequences from seven different Sichuan local chicken breeds downloaded from NCBI. These sequences were further used to analyze genetic diversity, patterns of population differentiation, and phylogenetic relationships between groups. We show that Mountainous Meihua chicken mtDNA sequences have high haplotypic and nucleotide diversity (0.876 and 0.012, respectively) and with a T bias that is suggestive of good breeding potential. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Mountainous Meihua chickens belong to clades A, B, E, and G and have a low affinity to other chicken breeds, with a moderate degree of differentiation. A non-significant Tajima's D indicates that no demographic expansions occurred in the past. Finally, the four maternal lineages identified in Mountainous Meihua chicken showed unique genetic characteristics.


Asunto(s)
Pollos , ADN Mitocondrial , Animales , ADN Mitocondrial/genética , Pollos/genética , Variación Genética/genética , Filogenia , Mitocondrias/genética
20.
NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes ; 9(1): 20, 2023 04 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37081021

RESUMEN

There have been many reports on the genetic mechanism in rhesus macaques (RMs) for environmental adaptation to high altitudes, but the synergistic involvement of gut microbiota in this adaptation remains unclear. Here we performed fecal metagenomic and metabolomic studies on samples from high- and low-altitude populations to assess the synergistic role of gut microbiota in the adaptation of RMs to high-altitude environments. Microbiota taxonomic annotation yielded 7471 microbiota species. There were 37 bacterial species whose abundance was significantly enriched in the high-altitude populations, 16 of which were previously reported to be related to the host's dietary digestion and energy metabolism. Further functional gene enrichment found a stronger potential for gut microbiota to synthesize energy substrate acetyl-CoA using CO2 and energy substrate pyruvate using oxaloacetate, as well as a stronger potential to transform acetyl-CoA to energy substrate acetate in high-altitude populations. Interestingly, there were no apparent differences between low-altitude and high-altitude populations in terms of genes enriched in the main pathways by which the microbiota consumed the three energy substrates, and none of the three energy substrates were detected in the fecal metabolites. These results strongly suggest that gut microbiota plays an important energy compensatory role that helps RMs to adapt to high-altitude environments. Further functional enrichment after metabolite source analysis indicated the abundance of metabolites related to the degradation of exogenous toxins was also significantly higher in high-altitude populations, which suggested a contributory role of gut microbiota to the degradation of exogenous toxins in wild RMs adapted to high-altitude environments.


Asunto(s)
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Animales , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/genética , Macaca mulatta/genética , Macaca mulatta/microbiología , Metagenoma , Altitud , Acetilcoenzima A/genética , Metaboloma
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