Analysis of functional connectivity changes in attention networks and default mode networks in patients with depression and insomnia.

PURPOSE: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Insomnia Disorder (ID) are prevalent psychiatric conditions often occurring concurrently, leading to substantial impairment in daily functioning. Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of these disorders and their comorbidity is crucial for developing effective interventions. This study aims to analyze changes in functional connectivity within attention networks and default mode networks in patients with depression and insomnia. METHODS: The functional connectivity alterations in individuals with MDD, ID, comorbid MDD and insomnia (iMDD), and healthy controls (HC) were assessed from a cohort of 174 participants. They underwent rs-fMRI scans, demographic assessments, and scale evaluations for depression and sleep quality. Functional connectivity analysis was conducted using region-of-interest (ROI) and whole-brain methods. RESULTS: The MDD and iMDD groups exhibited higher Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) scores compared to HC and ID groups (P < 0.001). Both ID and MDD groups displayed enhanced connectivity between the left and right orbital frontal cortex compared to HC (P < 0.05), while the iMDD group showed reduced connectivity compared to HC and ID groups (P < 0.05). In the left insula, reduced connectivity with the right medial superior frontal gyrus was observed across patient groups compared to HC (P < 0.05), with the iMDD group showing increased connectivity compared to MDD (P < 0.05). Moreover, alterations in functional connectivity between the left thalamus and left temporal pole were found in iMDD compared to HC and MDD (P < 0.05). Correlation analyses revealed associations between abnormal connectivity and symptom severity in MDD and ID groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate distinct patterns of altered functional connectivity in individuals with MDD, ID, and iMDD compared to healthy controls. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of depression and insomnia, which could be used as a reference for the diagnosis and treatments of these patients.

1-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-6-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile.

In the title compound, C(16)H(10)ClFN(2), the dihedral angle between the indole ring system and the benzyl ring is 80.91 (5)°. The crystal packing features C-H⋯Cl, C-H⋯F and C-H⋯π inter-actions.

2-Methyl-1-phenyl-1H-indole-3-carbo-nitrile.

In the title compound, C(16)H(12)N(2), the dihedral angle between the indole ring system and the pendant phenyl ring is 64.92 (5)°. The crystal packing features aromatic π-π stacking [centroid-centroid separation = 3.9504 (9) Å] and C-H⋯π inter-actions.

Poly[di-µ(2)-azido-µ(3)-pyrazine-2-carboxyl-ato-cadmium(II)].

The title compound, [Cd(C(5)H(3)N(2)O(2))(N(3))](n), has been pre-pared by the reaction of pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, cadmium(II) nitrate and sodium azide. In the structure, the Cd(II) atom is six-coordinated by two azide anions and three pyrazine-2-carboxyl-ate ligands. Each pyrazine-2-carboxyl-ate ligand bridges three Cd(II) atoms, whereas the azide ligand bridges two Cd(II) atoms, resulting in the formation of a two-dimensional metal-organic polymer developing parallel to the (100) plane.

[Determination of cinnamic acid in rat plasma after oral administration of subing orally disintegrating tablets and study of its pharmacokinetics behavior].

OBJECTIVE: To develop a RP-HPLC method for determination of cinnamic acid in rat plasma. METHOD: The plasma samples were acidified with acetic acid and extracted with chloroform. Cinnamic acid was separated on a Kromasil C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) eluted with a mobile phase of methanol-acetonitrile-water-glacial acetic acid (25:20:55:0.3) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1) and room temperature with UV detection at 278 nm, carbamazepine as internal standard. RESULT: The standard curve was linear over the range of 4.0 to approximately 400 ng x mL (-1) r = 0..99 9. The LOQ was 4.0 ng x mL(-1), the mean extraction recovery of the spiked samples at low, middle and high levels was 86.4%, while the mean method recovery was 100.3%. The RSD of intra-day and inter-day were both less than 6.0%. CONCLUSION: The method was sensitive, specific, accurate and precise, which was used to study the pharmacokinetic profile of cinnamic acid in rat plasma after oral administration of the Subing orally disintegrating tablets.

[Determination of sophoramine by spectrofluorimetry].

OBJECTIVE: The fluorescence property of sophoramine was studied and a spectrofluorimetric method was established to determine the sophoramine content. METHOD: In 20% ethanol solution, with excitation wavelength at 394 nm and emission wavelength at 467 nm, the fluorescence intensity of sophoramine can be detected by the fluorophotometer. RESULT: Sophoramine content can be determined with external standard method by fluorophotometer. The linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and concentration is kept in the range of 10-200 microg x mL(-1). The regression equation is Int = 1.137C + 3.875. The recovery rate is 98%-102%. CONCLUSION: Utilizing the fluorescence character of sophoramine, its content can be determined fast and sensitively. The analysis is not interfered by the existing matrine and oxymatrine. The method has high selectivity and the results is satisfying.