Robotic-assisted CT-guided percutaneous pulmonary nodules localization by hook-wire needles: a retrospective observational study.

Background: Preoperative computed tomography (CT)-guided localization of small pulmonary nodules (SPNs) is the major approach for accurate intraoperative visualization in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). However, this interventional procedure has certain risks and may challenge to less experienced junior doctors. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of robotic-assisted CT-guided preoperative pulmonary nodules localization with the modified hook-wire needles before VATS. Methods: A total of 599 patients with 654 SPNs who preoperatively accepted robotic-assisted CT-guided percutaneous pulmonary localization were respectively enrolled and compared to 90 patients with 94 SPNs who underwent the conventional CT-guided manual localization. The clinical and imaging data including patients' basic information, pulmonary nodule features, location procedure findings, and operation time were analyzed. Results: The localization success rate was 96.64% (632/654). The mean time required for marking was 22.85±10.27 min. Anchor of dislodgement occurred in 2 cases (0.31%). Localization-related complications included pneumothorax in 163 cases (27.21%), parenchymal hemorrhage in 222 cases (33.94%), pleural reaction in 3 cases (0.50%), and intercostal vascular hemorrhage in 5 cases (0.83%). Localization and VATS were performed within 24 hours. All devices were successfully retrieved in VATS. Histopathological examination revealed 166 (25.38%) benign nodules and 488 (74.62%) malignant nodules. For patients who received localizations, VATS spent a significantly shorter time, especially the segmentectomy group (93.61±35.72 vs. 167.50±40.70 min, P<0.001). The proportion of pneumothorax in the robotic-assisted group significantly decreased compared with the conventional manual group (27.21% vs. 43.33%, P=0.002). Conclusions: Robotic-assisted CT-guided percutaneous pulmonary nodules hook-wire localization could be effectively helpful for junior less experienced interventional physicians to master the procedure and potentially increase precision.

Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethanol by ZnCo2O4/ZnO Janus Hollow Nanofibers.

Photocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction for high-value hydrocarbon fuel production is a promising strategy to tackle global energy demand and climate change. However, this technology faces formidable challenges, primarily stemming from low yield and poor selectivity of C2 products of the desired hydrocarbon fuels. This study reported ZnO/ZnCo2O4 Janus hollow nanofibers (ZnO/ZCO JHNFs) prepared by electrospinning and atomic layer deposition. Photocatalytic tests revealed an ethanol yield of 4.99 µmol g-1 h-1 for ZnO/ZnCo2O4 JHNFs, surpassing mixed ZnO/ZnCo2O4 nanofibers (ZnO/ZCO NFs) by 4.35 times and pure ZnO by 12.7 times. The selectivity of 58.8% is 2.38 and 4.49 times higher than those of ZnO/ZnCo2O4 NFs and ZnO, respectively. These enhancements are attributed to efficient carrier separation facilitated by the ordered internal electric field of the Z-scheme heterojunction interface, validated by the energy band evaluations from experimentation and density functional theory (DFT) simulations and charge separation characterizations of photocurrent, impedance, and photoluminescence spectra. The Janus structure also effectively exposes the surface of ZnCo2O4 to CO2 molecules, increasing the active site availability, as confirmed by BET nitrogen adsorption/desorption, temperature-programmed desorption tests, and DFT adsorption energy calculations. This study proposes a novel approach for efficient photocatalytic hydrocarbon fuel production, with potential applications in energy and climate crisis mitigation.

DefendFL: A Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning Scheme Against Poisoning Attacks.

Federated learning (FL) has become a popular mode of learning, allowing model training without the need to share data. Unfortunately, it remains vulnerable to privacy leakage and poisoning attacks, which compromise user data security and degrade model quality. Therefore, numerous privacy-preserving frameworks have been proposed, among which mask-based framework has certain advantages in terms of efficiency and functionality. However, it is more susceptible to poisoning attacks from malicious users, and current works lack practical means to detect such attacks within this framework. To overcome this challenge, we present DefendFL, an efficient, privacy-preserving, and poisoning-detectable mask-based FL scheme. We first leverage collinearity mask to protect users' gradient privacy. Then, cosine similarity is utilized to detect masked gradients to identify poisonous gradients. Meanwhile, a verification mechanism is designed to detect the mask, ensuring the mask's validity in aggregation and preventing poisoning attacks by intentionally changing the mask. Finally, we resist poisoning attacks by removing malicious gradients or lowering their weights in aggregation. Through security analysis and experimental evaluation, DefendFL can effectively detect and mitigate poisoning attacks while outperforming existing privacy-preserving detection works in efficiency.

The grasshopper genome reveals long-term gene content conservation of the X Chromosome and temporal variation in X Chromosome evolution.

We present the first chromosome-level genome assembly of the grasshopper, Locusta migratoria, one of the largest insect genomes. We use coverage differences between females (XX) and males (X0) to identify the X Chromosome gene content, and find that the X Chromosome shows both complete dosage compensation in somatic tissues and an underrepresentation of testis-expressed genes. X-linked gene content from L. migratoria is highly conserved across seven insect orders, namely Orthoptera, Odonata, Phasmatodea, Hemiptera, Neuroptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera, and the 800 Mb grasshopper X Chromosome is homologous to the fly ancestral X Chromosome despite 400 million years of divergence, suggesting either repeated origin of sex chromosomes with highly similar gene content, or long-term conservation of the X Chromosome. We use this broad conservation of the X Chromosome to test for temporal dynamics to Fast-X evolution, and find evidence of a recent burst evolution for new X-linked genes in contrast to slow evolution of X-conserved genes.

Mechanism of Dahuang Mudan Decotion in the treatment of colorectal cancer based on network pharmacology and experimental validation.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the pharmacological activity and therapeutic mechanism of Dahuang Mudan Decotion (DHMDD) for colorectal cancer using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), network pharmacology and in vitro experiments. Methods: The chemical components of DHMDD were identified by UPLC-MS. Network pharmacological analysis was utilized to screen the active ingredients and targets associated with DHMDD for colorectal cancer. Based on the results of network pharmacology, the potential mechanism of DHMDD on colorectal cancer predicted was experimentally studied and verified in vitro. Results: DHMDD primarily exerts its effects on colorectal cancer through 52 active ingredients. AKT1, ESR1, HSP90AA1, JUN, PIK3CA, PIK3CB, PIK3R1, SRC, STAT3, TP53 were the top 10 targets. The top 10 ingredient nodes were Quercetin, Physcione, Pontigenin, Crysophanol, Linolenic acid, Piceatannol, Adenosine, Emodin, Sambunigrin, and Prunasin. The main compounds and the target proteins exhibited strong binding ability in molecular docking studies. The results of cell experiments demonstrated that DHMDD can inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of CRC cells through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Conclusion: Through network pharmacology analysis and cell experiments, this study suggests that DHMDD can exert its therapeutic effects on colorectal cancer through a combination of multiple components and targets.

Clinically used drug arsenic trioxide targets XIAP and overcomes apoptosis resistance in an organoid-based preclinical cancer model.

Drug resistance in tumor cells remains a persistent clinical challenge in the pursuit of effective anticancer therapy. XIAP, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, suppresses apoptosis via its Baculovirus IAP Repeat (BIR) domains and is responsible for drug resistance in various human cancers. Therefore, XIAP has attracted significant attention as a potential therapeutic target. However, no XIAP inhibitor is available for clinical use to date. In this study, we surprisingly observed that arsenic trioxide (ATO) induced a rapid depletion of XIAP in different cancer cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that arsenic attacked the cysteine residues of BIR domains and directly bound to XIAP, resulting in the release of zinc ions from this protein. Arsenic-XIAP binding suppressed the normal anti-apoptosis functions of BIR domains, and led to the ubiquitination-dependent degradation of XIAP. Importantly, we further demonstrate that arsenic sensitized a variety of apoptosis-resistant cancer cells, including patient-derived colon cancer organoids, to the chemotherapy drug using cisplatin as a showcase. These findings suggest that targeting XIAP with ATO offers an attractive strategy for combating apoptosis-resistant cancers in clinical practice.

Computed tomography radiomics in predicting patient satisfaction after robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty.

PURPOSE: After robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RA-TKA) surgery, some patients still experience joint discomfort. We aimed to establish an effective machine learning model that integrates radiomic features extracted from computed tomography (CT) scans and relevant clinical information to predict patient satisfaction three months postoperatively following RA-TKA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After careful selection, data from 142 patients were randomly divided into a training set (n = 99) and a test set (n = 43), approximately in a 7:3 ratio. A total of 1329 radiomic features were extracted from the regions of interest delineated in CT scans. The features were standardized using normalization algorithms, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model was employed to select radiomic features with ICC > 0.75 and P < 0.05, generating the Rad-score as feature markers. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was then used to screen clinical information (age, body mass index, operation time, gender, surgical side, comorbidities, preoperative KSS score, preoperative range of motion (ROM), preoperative and postoperative HKA angle, preoperative and postoperative VAS score) as potential predictive factors. The satisfaction scale ≥ 20 indicates patient satisfaction. Finally, three prediction models were established, focusing on radiomic features, clinical features, and their fusion. Model performance was evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristic curves and decision curve analysis. RESULTS: In the training set, the area under the curve (AUC) of the clinical model was 0.793 (95% CI 0.681-0.906), the radiomic model was 0.854 (95% CI 0.743-0.964), and the combined radiomic-clinical model was 0.899 (95% CI 0.804-0.995). In the test set, the AUC of the clinical model was 0.908 (95% CI 0.814-1.000), the radiomic model was 0.709 (95% CI 0.541-0.878), and the combined radiomic-clinical model was 0.928 (95% CI 0.842-1.000). The AUC of the radiomic-clinical model was significantly higher than the other two models. The decision curve analysis indicated its clinical application value. CONCLUSION: We developed a radiomic-based nomogram model using CT imaging to predict the satisfaction of RA-TKA patients at 3 months postoperatively. This model integrated clinical and radiomic features and demonstrated good predictive performance and excellent clinical application potential.

Ultra-Flexible, Breathable, and Robust PAN/MWCNTs/PANI Nanofiber Networks for High-Performance Wearable Gas Sensor Application.

Wearable gas sensors have drawn great attention for potential applications in health monitoring, minienvironment detection, and advanced soft electronic noses. However, it still remains a great challenge to simultaneously achieve excellent flexibility, high sensitivity, robustness, and gas permeability, because of the inherent limitation of widely used traditional organic flexible substrates. Herein, an electrospinning polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber network was designed as a flexible substrate, on which an ultraflexible wearable gas sensor was prepared with in situ assembled polyaniline (PANI) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a sensitive layer. The unique nanofiber network and strong binding force between substrate and sensing materials endow the wearable gas sensor with excellent robustness, flexibility, and gas permeability. The wearable sensor can maintain stable NH3 sensing performance while sustaining extreme bending and stretching (50% of strain). The Young's modulus of wearable PAN/MWCNTs/PANI sensor is as low as 18.9 MPa, which is several orders of magnitude smaller than those of reported flexible sensors. The water vapor transmission rate of the sensor is 0.38 g/(cm2 24 h), which enables the wearing comfort of the sensor. Most importantly, due to the effective exposure of sensing sites as well as the heterostructure effect between MWCNTs and PANI, the sensor shows high sensitivity to NH3 at room temperature, and the theoretical limit of detection is as low as 300 ppb. This work provides a new avenue for the realization of reliable and high-performance wearable gas sensors.

Remote Health Management via WeChat to Improve the Quality of Life of Patients After PCI.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this research was to assess the effect of telehealth management via WeChat on improving the quality of life of patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: In this study, we retrospectively collected the clinical data of 118 patients who underwent PCI and received remote health management from our hospital via WeChat from June 2021 to September 2021 (WeChat group). The clinical data of 114 patients who underwent PCI but did not receive remote health management from our hospital from September 2020 to December 2020 were also collected (conventional group). Anxiety, depression, and quality of life scale scores were compared between the 2 groups at 6 months postdischarge. RESULTS: Six months postdischarge, patients in the WeChat group had significantly lower Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) (55.7 ± 7.2 vs 58.8 ± 6.4, P = .001) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) (56.0 ± 5.9 vs 58.2 ± 6.2, P = .007) scores than did those in the conventional group. Compared to those in the conventional group, the patients in the WeChat group had significantly greater 6 months post-discharge The World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF scores in the following domains: physical (14.3 ± 1.7 vs 13.1 ± 1.7, P < .001 psychological (15.2 ± 1.3 vs 13.5 ± 1.5, P < .001 social relationship (12.9 ± 1.7 vs 12.3 ± 1.8, P = .01) and environmental (12.7 ± 2.0 vs 12.0 ± 1.9, P = .006). CONCLUSION: The use of WeChat to carry out remote health management for patients who underwent PCI can be an effective way to provide high-quality hospital medical services to patients' families and can effectively alleviate patients' anxiety and depression and enhance their quality of life.

A new seven-axis robotic-assisted total hip arthroplasty system improves component positioning: a prospective, randomized, multicenter study.

This study compared the radiologic and clinical outcomes of a new seven-axis robotic-assisted total hip arthroplasty (THA) and conventional THA. Hundred and four patients were randomly assigned to two groups-the robotic-assisted THA group (RAS group) and the conventional THA group (CON group). The preoperative and postoperative Harris Hip score (HHS), acetabular inclination, anteversion, femoral offset, and leg length discrepancy (LLD) were compared. During the follow-up, no patients had any complications that could be associated with the use of the robot. The proportion of acetabular cups in the safety zone was significantly higher in the RAS group than that in the CON group. The two groups had significantly different mean absolute difference of inclination and anteversion. There was no significant difference in the postoperative HHSs, changes in HHSs, femoral offset, and lower limb length between the two groups. The seven-axis robotic-assisted THA system is safe and effective, and leads to better acetabulum cup positioning compared to conventional THA. The improvements observed in the HHS, LLD, and femoral offset in the RAS group were similar to those in the CON group.Clinical trial registration time: 19/05/2022.Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR2200060115.

Multifunctional integrated metamaterials for radar-infrared-visible compatible multispectral stealth.

Metamaterials offer exciting opportunities for developing multispectral stealth due to their unique electromagnetic properties. However, currently transparent radar-infrared-visible compatible stealth metamaterials typically involve complex hierarchical designs, leading to thickness and transparency limitations. Here, we propose an integrated metamaterial for multispectral stealth with high transparency. Our design features an ITO/dielectric/ITO sandwich structure, with the upper-layer ITO acting as a resonator for broadband microwave absorption while maintaining a high filling ratio to suppress infrared (IR) radiation. Experimental results demonstrate excellent performance, with over 90% microwave absorption in 8-18 GHz, an IR emissivity of approximately 0.36 in 3-14 µm, an average optical transmittance of 74.1% in 380-800 nm, and a thickness of only 2.4 mm. With its multispectral compatibility, the proposed metamaterial has potential applications in stealth and camouflage fields.

Determination of nine bisphenol analogues in human urine by high-throughput solid-phase extraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis.

Bisphenol analogues (BPs) are a class of typical environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). This study aimed to establish a highly sensitive and high-throughput method utilizing 96-well solid-phase extraction (96-well SPE) in conjunction with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) employing multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), information-dependent acquisition (IDA), and enhanced product ion (EPI) scan modes for the identification and quantitative analysis of nine BPs in human urine. Urine samples were initially thawed to room temperature, followed by digestion using ß-glucuronidase in an ammonium acetate buffer solution at 37 °C overnight. Subsequently, they were purified using 96-well SPE and finally analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS. The limits of detection (LOD) for the nine BPs ranged from 0.05 µg∙kg-1 to 0.3 µg kg-1. Average recoveries fell within the range of 92.8 % to 111.7 %. Moreover, both the intra-day and inter-day precisions were satisfactory, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 2.2 % to 6.7 % and 3.5 % to 6.3 %, respectively. The targets in the samples exhibited a perfect match, with a purity fit value exceeding 70 % from the self-built library. The analytical method developed in this study demonstrates high accuracy and sensitivity. In addition, the MRM-IDA-EPI mode can effectively identifies the target BPs and prevents false positive detection of analytes in the urine.

Biomechanical effects of muscle loading on early healing of femoral stem fractures: a combined musculoskeletal dynamics and finite element approach.

Femoral stem fractures (FST) are often accompanied by muscle injuries, however, what muscle injuries affect fracture healing and to what extent is unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyze the extent to which different muscles affect FST healing through a combined musculoskeletal dynamics and finite element approach. Modeling the lower extremity musculoskeletal system for 12 different muscle comprehensives. Muscle and joint reaction forces on the femur were calculated and these data were used as boundary conditions input to the FSTs model to predict the degree of muscle influence on fracture healing. Finally, we will investigate the extent to which muscle influences FST healing during knee flexion. Muscle and joint forces are highly dependent on joint motion and have a significant biomechanical influence on interfragmentary strain (IFS) healing. The psoas major (PM), gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) and gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscles play a major role in standing, with GM > PM > GL, whereas the gluteus medius posterior (GMP), vastus intermedius (VI), vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis superior (VLS), and adductor magnus distalis (AMD) muscles play a major role in knee flexion, with VLS > VM > VI > AMD > GMP. Mechanical stimulus-controlled healing can be facilitated when the knee joint is flexed less than 20°. Different muscles exert varying degrees of influence on the healing of fractures. Therefore, comprehending the impact of particular muscles on fracture site tissue FST healing can aid orthopedic surgeons in formulating improved surgical and rehabilitation strategies.

Synergistic Engineering of Energy Band Alignment and Interfacial Electric Field Distribution over Bi-bismuth-Based Hetero-nanofibers for Boosting Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Ammonia Synthesis and Antibiotic Removal.

Synergistic engineering of energy band alignment and interfacial electric field distribution is essential for photocatalyst design but is still challenging because of the limitation on refined regulation in the nanoscale. This study addresses the issue by employing surface modification and thermal-induced phase transformation in Bi2MoO6/BixOyIz hetero-nanofiber frameworks. The energy band alignment switches from a type-II interface to a Z-scheme contact with stronger redox potentials and inhibited electron traps, and the optimized built-in electric field distribution could be reached based on experimental and theoretical investigations. The engineered hetero-nanofibers exhibit outstanding visible-light-driven photocatalytic nitrogen reduction activity (605 µmol/g/h) and tetracycline hydrochloride removal rate (81.5% within 30 min), ranking them among the top-performing bismuth series materials. Furthermore, the photocatalysts show promise in activating advanced oxidants for efficient organic pollutant degradation. Moreover, the Bi2MoO6/Bi5O7I hetero-nanofibers possess good recycling stability owing to their three-dimensional network structure. This research offers valuable insights into heterojunction design for environmental remediation and industrial applications.

Acupuncture combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of post-stroke depression: a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis based on a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: This study aimed to systematically assess the efficacy of combining acupuncture with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in treating post-stroke depression (PSD). Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of eight major domestic and international databases, including the China Knowledge Network, from inception until December 2023. Included were randomized controlled trials that investigated acupuncture combined with rTMS for PSD. The screening process adhered to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and study quality was assessed using Cochrane Handbook 5.1 guidelines. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 software. Results: Twelve studies involving 800 patients were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis showed that acupuncture combined with rTMS significantly improved the clinical effectiveness rate (RR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.27, p < 0.00001) and reduced scores on several scales: Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) (MD = -3.35, 95% CI: -3.79 to -2.90, p < 0.00001), Self-Depression Scale (SDS) (MD = -9.57, 95% CI: -12.26 to -6.89, p < 0.00001), Chinese Medicine Symptom Score (MD = -3.34, 95% CI: -3.76 to -2.91, p < 0.00001), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale (MD = -3.91, 95% CI: -4.58 to -3.25, p < 0.00001), and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (MD = -2.77, 95% CI: -3.21 to -2.32, p < 0.00001). Furthermore, acupuncture combined with rTMS treatment improved cognitive functioning (MMSE, MoCA scores) (p < 0.00001) and ability to perform activities of daily living scores (MD = 10.40, 95% CI: 9.53 to 11.28, p < 0.00001). Additionally, it was found to reduce interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1ß, and increase 5-hydroxytryptamine and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Acupuncture combined with rTMS therapy is recommended for treating PSD, as it effectively improves clinical outcomes, alleviates depressive symptoms, enhances cognitive function, and daily living capabilities, and modulates inflammatory responses and neurotransmitter levels. However, it is important to note that the limitations of the sample size and quality of the included studies warrant the need for more high-quality research to validate these conclusions. Systematic review registration: INPLASY, Identifier INPLASY202430085.

Mineral crude drug mirabilite (Mangxiao) inhibits the occurrence of colorectal cancer by regulating the Lactobacillus-bile acid-intestinal farnesoid X receptor axis based on multiomics integration analysis.

Mineral crude drug has revolutionized the treatment landscape in precision oncology niche that leads to the improvement in therapeutic efficiency on various tumor subtypes. Mangxiao (MX), a mineral crude drug in traditional Chinese medicine, has been used for treating gastrointestinal diseases for thousands of years. However, the action mechanisms are still ambiguous. Here, we attempt to explore inhibitory roles and associated pharmacological mechanisms of MX upon colorectal cancer (CRC) in APCMin/+ male mice by integrating metabolomics, 16S rDNA sequencing analyses, and metagenomic-based microbiota analysis. We found that MX can significantly inhibit the occurrence of CRC through the regulation of the dysregulated gut microbe metabolism. Furthermore, the correlation analysis of metabolomes and 16S rDNA revealed that MX could restore the disorders of gut microbes by specifically enriching the abundance of Lactobacilli to improve bile acid metabolism, which further activated the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in CRC mice, then the improvement of gut dysbiosis could inhibit the development of CRC. Collectively, our effort confirmed MX has the capacity to intervene the development of CRC and further discovered that it targets Lactobacillus-bile acid-intestinal FXR axis, which can be regarded as a candidate medicine for future drug discovery and development against CRC.

Prediction of potential mechanisms of rhubarb therapy for colorectal cancer based on network pharmacological analysis and molecular docking.

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential targets and mechanism of Rheum palmatum L in the treatment of colorectal cancer based on the network pharmacology and molecular docking, which could provide the theoretical basis for clinical applications. The potential components were screened using TCMSP database and articles. The gene targets of colorectal cancer were screened through the Genecards database and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database. Then, the common targets of components and colorectal cancer were used to construct the network diagram of active components and targets in Cytoscape 3.7.0. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) diagram was generated using String database, and the targets were further analyzed by gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Molecular docking between gene targets and active components was analyzed via AutoDock, and visualized through PyMol. Among this study, main targets might be TP53, EGF, MYC, CASP3, JUN, PTGS2, HSP90AA1, MMP9, ESR1, PPARG. And 10 key elements might associate with them, such as aloe-emodin, beta-sitosterol, gallic acid, eupatin, emodin, physcion, cis-resveratrol, rhein, crysophanol, catechin. The treatment process was found to involve nitrogen metabolism, p53 signaling pathway, and various cancer related pathway, as well as the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, interleukin-17 signaling pathway and thyroid hormone signaling pathway. The molecular docking was verified the combination between key components and their respective target proteins. Network pharmacological analysis demonstrated that R palmatum was could regulated p53, AGE-RAGE, interleukin-17 and related signaling pathway in colorectal cancer, which might provide a scientific basis of mechanism.

Comparison of Computed Tomography and Clinical Features Between Patients Infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant and the Original Strain.

Purpose: To investigate potential differences in clinical and computed tomography (CT) features between patients with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and the original strain. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included 69 hospitalized patients infected with Omicron variant from November to December 2022, and 96 hospitalized patients infected with the original strain from February to March 2020 in Chongqing, China. The clinical features, CT manifestations, degrees of lung involvement in different stages on CT, and imaging changes after the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results turned negative were compared between the two groups. Results: For clinical features, patients with Omicron were predominantly old people and females, without manifestation of any clinical symptoms, who had low serum levels of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin. Shorter interval from symptoms onset to initial CT scan was observed in Omicron patients compared to patients with the original strain (all P < 0.05). For CT features, patients with Omicron were more likely to present with round-like opacities and tree-in-bud pattern (all P < 0.05), but less likely to exhibit a diffuse distribution, patchy and linear opacities, as well as vascular enlargement pattern (all P < 0.05). The Omicron group was more susceptible to exhibiting lower CT involvement scores in each stage (all P < 0.05) and imaging progression after the RT-PCR results turned negative (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Patients infected with the Omicron variant exhibited less severe changes on chest CT compared to those infected with the original strain. Furthermore, imaging progression under low viral load conditions was more common in patients with Omicron than in those with the original strain.

Carboxylic Acid-Enabled Vinylene Transfer Reaction by Co(III) Catalyst: Scope and Applications to the Five-Step Total Synthesis of Protoberberine Alkaloids Containing Free Hydroxyl Group without Protection.

A Co(III)-catalyzed vinylene transfer reaction enabled by carboxylic acid is presented. This redox-neutral transformation tolerates various functional groups, including free hydroxyl groups, and features practicality. Five-step routes based on the vinylene transfer reaction and Heck annulation have been devised to the total synthesis of 8-oxodehydrodiscretamine and 2-demethyl-oxypalmatine without the protection of the free hydroxyl functionality.

Study on the trade-off/synergy between ecosystem services and human well-being based on land use in Weinan City, China.

Change of land use have important impacts on ecosystem services (ESs) and human well-being (HWB), yet the trade-off/synergy among land use, ESs, and HWB has still not received sufficient attention at city regional scales level. Weinan City in the southern of the Loess Plateau of China was taken as the study area. Based on ArcGIS, InVEST model, and RUSLE model, the characteristics of spatial and temporal variations of land use and ESs from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed, and the trade-off/synergy relationship between land use, ESs, and HWB was quantified using correlation analysis. The results indicated that the area of cultivated land decreased significantly and the area of built-up land increased significantly from 2000 to 2020 in Weinan City. The grain production, soil conservation, and water yield functions showed an increasing trend, which was a synergistic relationship with HWB. Carbon storage and habitat quality functions showed a decreasing trend, which was a trade-off relationship with HWB. The index value of HWB has increased significantly, mainly in the added value of agricultural and rural per capita income. Land use intensity has a trade-off relationship with GP, WY functions, and HWB. There are many factors that affect this trade-off/synergy relationship, such as land use patterns, economic development, and population growth. The study can provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of regional economy and nature.