[Analysis of the etiology and clinical indicators of infantile cholestasis].

Objective: To explore the disease spectrum and corresponding clinical indicators of infantile cholestasis so as to provide a basis for the diagnosis of this type of disease at an early stage. Methods: The clinical data was collected from 203 hospitalized children diagnosed with infantile cholestasis at the Department of Gastroenterology of Maternal and Child Health Care, Guiyang City, from January 2018 to March 2023, including 130 males and 73 females. Patients general condition, personal history, and blood biochemical test indicators, including liver and coagulation function, blood ammonia, blood lipid profile, blood sugar, TORCH, thyroid function, and others, were retrospectively analyzed after admission. Cholangiography and high-throughput gene sequencing were performed in certain patients. The etiology of the enrolled cases were analyzed. Children's clinical data were compared with distinct inherited metabolic liver diseases (Group A) and biliary atresia (Group B). The statistical analysis was conducted using the t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, or χ2 test, according to different data. Results: In 33 cases, infectious factors-primarily CMV infection-were the etiology of cholestasis. Forty cases had aberrant bile duct development, primarily biliary atresia, choledochal cysts, and intrahepatic bile duct dysplasia. In 26 cases, genetic metabolic factors mainly included citrin protein deficiency, sodium-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide deficiency, and Alagille syndrome. 11 cases had drug/poisoning factors (parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis). 19 cases had idiopathic infantile cholestasis. Three cases had other factors; however, all of them had Kawasaki disease. 71 cases had an unclear diagnosis. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of gender and age between groups A and B (P>0.05). The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bile acid levels were significantly higher in Group A than Group B, with a P<0.05, while the gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), direct bilirubin (DBil), and albumin levels were lower than those in Group B, with a P<0.05. The cytomegalovirus infection rate was higher in Group B (62.50%) than Group A (34.62%), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=3.89, P<0.05). The alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, GGT, DBil, and albumin were significantly lower in patients with citrin protein deficiency than those in patients with biliary atresia, while ALP, bile acid, and blood ammonia were higher than those in patients with biliary atresia. Patients with sodium-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide deficiency had higher bile acid than patients with biliary atresia, while the DBil was lower than that in patients with biliary atresia, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Infantile cholestasis etiology is diverse. ALP, bile acids, GGT, DBil, and albumin levels can serve as simple indicators for early-stage differentiation between inherited metabolic liver disease and biliary atresia. The cholestasis etiology should be determined as early as possible following biliary atresia exclusion by actively completing genetic metabolic gene detection.

[Analysis of the accuracy between orthopedic robot-assisted and traditional manual pedicle screw placement techniques in adult degenerative scoliosis posterior surgery].

Objective: To comparing the accuracy of pedicle screw placement in posterior surgery for adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS) between robotic-assisted and traditional freehand techniques. Methods: This retrospective study included 92 patients with ADS who underwent posterior spinal surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital) between March 2019 and December 2023. There were 19 males and 73 females with a mean age of (63.6±9.8) years. The patients were divided into two groups based on the technique used for pedicle screw placement: robot-assisted group (34 cases) and manual group (58 cases). Operative duration, intraoperative blood loss, facet joint violation, postoperative complications, magnitude of curve correction, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores preoperatively, 1 week postoperatively, and 1 month postoperatively were compared and analyzed between the two groups. The Gertzbein-Robbins classification criteria was used to assess the accuracy of screw placement. Results: Differences in baseline data, operative duration, intraoperative blood loss, magnitude of curve correction, and VAS and ODI scores preoperatively, 1 week postoperatively, and 1 month postoperatively between the two groups exhibited no statistically significant differences (all P>0.05). The accuracy of pedicle screw placement in the robot-assisted group was significantly higher than that in the manual group [90.9% (416/458) vs 80.1% (697/870), P<0.001]. In terms of surgical segments, in T1-T12 and L1-S1 segments, the accuracy of pedicle screw placement in the robot group were both significantly higher than those in the control group [91.5% (130/142) vs 77.8% (186/239), P=0.001; 90.3% (271/300) vs 80.8% (502/621), P<0.001]. However, no significant differences was observed in the accuracy of S2-alar-iliac (S2AI) screw placement between the two groups [90.0%(9/10) vs 93.8%(15/16), P=0.727]. Moreover, no significant differences was found in the deviation direction of the cortical screw penetration between both groups (P=0.133). Significant differences were observed in the accuracy of screw placement between the Nash Moe 2 and 3 vertebral bodies in the robot group compared with those in the control group [88.9% (88/99) vs 71.0% (115/162), P=0.001; 89.2% (83/93) vs 60.2% (68/113), P<0.001]. Additionally, the incidence and grade of facet joint violation in the manual group were both significantly higher than those in the robot-assisted group (both P<0.001). No statistically significant differences was identified in postoperative complications between the two groups (P=0.841). Conclusion: It suggests that robot-assisted pedicle screw placement in posterior surgery for patients with ADS can significantly improve the accuracy of screw placement and reduce the incidence of facet joint violation.

Regulatory role of electroacupuncture on satellite glial cell activity in the colon and dorsal root ganglion of rats with irritable bowel syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of satellite glial cells in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at the Tianshu (ST25) and Shangjuxu (ST37) combination. METHODS: A model for visceral hypersensitivity in IBS was induced through colorectal distension (CRD) stimulation. Clean-grade male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: a normal group (NG), a model group (MG), an electroacupuncture group (EA), and a glial cell inhibitor group (FCA). Bilateral EA (2/100 Hz, 1 mA, 30 min) was administered at the Tianshu (ST25) and Shangjuxu (ST37) in week 6. Abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) scores were used to assess the behavioral response associated with visceral hyperalgesia, while hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to evaluate pathological changes in the colon. The protein and mRNA levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the colon and colon-related dorsal root ganglion (DRG) were analyzed using immun-ofluorescence, immun-ohistochemistry, Western blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction. The impact of EA on electrophysiological properties of colon-related DRG neurons was observed through whole-cell patch clamp analysis. RESULTS: EA significantly reduced the visceral pain behavior scores in rats with IBS in response to graded (20, 40, 60, 80 mm Hg) CRD stimulation. Additionally, EA downregulated the protein and mRNA expression levels of GFAP in the colon and colon-related DRG of rats with IBS. EA also regulated the resting membrane potential, rheobase and action potential of colon-related DRG neurons in rats with IBS. CONCLUSIONS: EA can regulate the excitatory properties of colon-related DRG neurons by downregulating the protein and mRNA expression of GFAP in the colon and colon-related DRG, indicating a potential neurobiological mechanism by which EA relieves visceral hypersensitivity in rats with IBS.

Effects of cassava root meal on the growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, organ and intestinal indices, and slaughter performance of yellow-feathered broiler chickens.

With the global population growth and shortage of food, the competition between humans and animal for food will become increasingly fierce. Therefore, the development of unconventional energy feed cassava feed is of great significance. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cassava root meal (CRM) on the growth performance, apparent digestibility, and organ and intestinal indices of broiler chickens. A total of 140 one-day-old chicks were randomly assigned to four dietary treatment groups [control diet (CT), 15% CRM (CRM15), 30% CRM (CRM30), and 45% CRM (CRM45)] with five replicates of seven birds per replicate. The results showed that the body weight of broiler chickens fed diets containing CRM were significantly lower than that in the CT group at 21 and 42 days of age, the average daily gain and average daily feed intake in the CRM group were significantly lower than those in the CT group from 1 to 21 days of age. However, from days 22 to 42, there were no significant differences between CRM15 and CT birds regarding average daily gain and average daily feed intake. but there was no difference in feed conversion rate between the CRM15 and CT groups. At 42 days of age, there were no significant differences between CRM15 and CT birds in in body measurements, the slaughter performance and the percentage of semi-eviscerated yield. The addition of CRM reduced the proportion of breast and thigh muscles during the feeding period, although we detected no significant difference between CRM15 and CT regarding the apparent digestibility of nutrients. Collectively, our findings indicate that 15% cassava was the optimal proportion for supplementing diets for broiler chicken production.

A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of topical oestradiol gel for endometrial regeneration after induced abortion.

STUDY QUESTION: Is topical oestradiol gel effective in promoting endometrial regeneration after a surgical abortion? SUMMARY ANSWER: Topical oestradiol gel is effective in promoting endometrial regeneration after a surgical abortion with few side-effects. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Oestrogen is effective in promoting endometrial regeneration. Transdermal oestrogen has been widely used in clinical practice for endometrial regeneration after induced abortion, but high-level evidence is limited. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: We conducted a multicentre, superiority, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Between 9 March 2022 and 21 February 2023, 200 women were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either oestradiol gel (treatment) and or oestradiol gel simulant (control) for 28 days. The participants were scheduled to have their endometrial thickness (mm) measured by ultrasonographic scan at 21-23 days post-abortion. The trial was blinded for participants, investigators, medical staff, and statistical analysts until final unblinding. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Participants were women undergoing induced abortion within 10 weeks of gestation. A total of 200 participants were enrolled, with 100 in each group. Eighty-eight (88%) in the treatment group and 82 (82%) in the control group completed the study as per the protocol and were included in the per-protocol set (PPS). The intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis included all participants randomized to the study groups and used inverse probability weighting to account for loss to follow-up. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: The ITT analysis showed revealed significantly greater endometrial thickness in the treatment group (mean 8.1 ± 2.5 mm) compared to the control group (mean 6.9 ± 2.1 mm) 21-23 days postabortion (mean difference 1.2 mm, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.9; P < 0.001). The median time to menstrual return was shorter in the treatment group (34 days, inter-quartile range [IQR] 30-38) than in the control group (35 days, IQR 32-42), with a difference of -1 day (95% CI -2.3 to -0.9; P = 0.036). No differences were observed in the timing or volume of bleeding in the first post-abortion cycle. The PPS analysis mirrored the ITT findings. Adverse events were minimal (6% versus 8%), and the blood profile, liver, kidney and coagulation test results were comparable between groups (all P > 0.05). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: Loss to follow-up was 11% in the treatment group and 15% of controls, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). Inconsistencies in the timing of the ultrasonographic scans may have affected the accuracy of endometrial thickness measurements. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: Our findings suggest that topical oestrogen supplementation immediately after abortion within the first 10 weeks of gestation improves endometrial regeneration and growth, thereby potentially increasing the chances of a successful subsequent pregnancy. Clinical application of these findings may improve endometrial health management practices and provide a perspective on fertility treatment and women's reproductive health. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): This study was supported by a grant (FW-HKKT2021111501900) from Jianmin Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd (JMPG), Wuhan, Hubei, China. Both the oestradiol gel and the simulant were provided by JMPG. The funding source had no role in the study. X.Y.L. reports JMPG grant funding paid to their institutions. All other authors declare no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CHiCTR2100053565. TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE: 24 November 2021. DATE OF FIRST PATIENT'S ENROLMENT: 9 March 2022.

Probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics and human neuropsychiatric outcomes: an umbrella review.

The neuropsychiatric effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics have been gaining attention since the rise of microbial-gut-brain axis research. Nevertheless, some of the findings are inconsistent, and few studies have analysed the similarities and differences in the neuropsychiatric effects of the three comprehensively. To reveal the respective neuropsychiatric effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics and synthesise the similarities and differences among the three effects, 47 meta-analyses with 12 types of neuropsychiatric results were integrated under an umbrella review. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics intake might all be associated with improvements in some neuropsychiatric outcomes, including neuropsychological test outcomes (probiotic and prebiotic), hepatic encephalopathy outcomes (probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic), instant memory in patients with Alzheimer's disease (probiotic), depressive symptoms (probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic), mood states and psychiatric distress (probiotic), overall mental health (probiotic), neurological function (probiotic), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration (probiotic and synbiotic), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score (probiotic). All three are similar in that the intake of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics might be associated with improvements in hepatic encephalopathy outcomes and depressive symptoms, both probiotic and synbiotic intake might be associated with elevated BDNF concentrations, and both probiotic and prebiotic intake might be associated with improved neuropsychological test results. The difference between the three is that the neuropsychiatric effects of probiotics might be more widespread and be reflected in the fact that probiotic intake might also be associated with improvements in mood states and psychiatric distress, overall mental health, neurological function, Alzheimer's disease patients' instant memory, and PSQI score. Probiotics might be the best and most promising option for improving neuropsychiatric outcomes. In the future, in addition to requiring more high-quality meta-analyses, further preclinical studies are needed to explore specific relevant mechanisms and determine true causal relationships.

m6Am Methyltransferase PCIF1 Regulates Periodontal Inflammation.

N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am), a common mRNA modification in eukaryotic capped mRNAs, plays a pivotal role in cellular functions and disease progression. However, its involvement in host inflammation remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that loss of m6Am methyltransferase phosphorylated CTD interacting factor 1 (PCIF1) attenuates periodontal inflammation in whole-body and myeloid lineage-specific knockout mouse models. Pcif1 deletion inhibits macrophage phagocytosis and migration through m6Am-Csf1r signaling. In addition, colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) is identified as a potential target for the treatment of periodontitis. We thus reveal a previously unrecognized role for PCIF1-mediated m6Am modification in governing macrophage responses and periodontal inflammation.

Combining FITs and HRFQ with colonoscopy improve the cost-effectiveness of a 9-year mass colorectal cancer screening program.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence has been increasing. Colonoscopy is still a gold standard method for its early diagnosis but using colonoscopy alone as a mass screening method is unrealistic. This study is to investigate whether combining fecal immunochemical test (FIT) and high-risk-factors questionnaire (HRFQ) with colonoscopy improve the cost-effectiveness of a mass CRC screening. PATIENTS AND METHODS: CRC screening protocol combining FITs and HRFQ in the first stage and colonoscopy in the second stage was used in 50 villages/towns in 2007-2015. Residents aged 40-74 years were eligible for this free screening. A total of 160 210 (76.12%) participants completed first-stage screening, and 28 679 (17.90%) participants were defined as positive, among which 21 715 (75.72%) participants completed colonoscopy and were included in the final analysis. Outcomes were followed up until 2020. RESULTS: The compliance was 76.12% and 75.72% in the first and second screening stage, respectively. A total of 252 CRC, 4033 adenoma, 1234 advanced neoplasm, and 5534 total neoplasm cases were detected in the screening. The positive predictive values of CRC, adenoma, advanced neoplasm, and total neoplasm were higher in FITs+ than those in the HRFQ+ population, respectively. A total of 64.60% and 43.42% total neoplasm cases were found in FITs+ and HRFQ+ (8.02% for both), respectively. The total colorectal neoplasm and CRC cases detected by combining HRFQ and FITs increased by 55.08% and 40.00%, respectively, and their increases were higher compared to HRFQ. The detection cost per any neoplasm by combining HRFQ and FITs was <$5331, while that by FITs and HRFQ alone was <$4570 and $5380, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Combining FITs and HRFQ with colonoscopy improve the cost-effectiveness of a mass CRC screening program. This protocol can be recommended for most populations, especially those in the countries and areas with high population density and low physician/population ratio.

Racial differences in treatment adherence and response to acupuncture and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia among Black and White cancer survivors.

BACKGROUND: Racial disparities in sleep are well-documented. However, evidence-based options for addressing these disparities are lacking in cancer populations. To inform future research on sleep interventions, this study aims to understand racial differences in treatment responses to acupuncture and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) among Black and White cancer survivors. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of a comparative effectiveness trial evaluating acupuncture versus CBT-I for insomnia in cancer survivors. We compared insomnia severity, sleep characteristics, and co-morbid symptoms, as well as treatment attitudes, adherence, and responses among Black and White participants. RESULTS: Among 156 cancer survivors (28% Black), Black survivors reported poorer sleep quality, longer sleep onset latency, and higher pain at baseline, compared to White survivors (all p < 0.05). Black survivors demonstrated lower adherence to CBT-I than White survivors (61.5% vs. 88.5%, p = 0.006), but their treatment response to CBT-I was similar to white survivors. Black survivors had similar adherence to acupuncture as white survivors (82.3% vs. 93.4%, p = 0.16), but they had greater reduction in insomnia severity with acupuncture (-3.0 points, 95% CI -5.4 to 0.4, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: This study identified racial differences in sleep characteristics, as well as treatment adherence and responses to CBT-I and acupuncture. To address racial disparities in sleep health, future research should focus on improving CBT-I adherence and confirming the effectiveness of acupuncture in Black cancer survivors.

Autophagy Regulates Age-Related Jawbone Loss via LepR+ Stromal Cells.

Bone aging and decreased autophagic activity are related but poorly explored in the jawbone. This study aimed to characterize the aging jawbones and jawbone-derived stromal cells (JBSCs) and determine the role of autophagy in jawbone mass decline. We observed that the jawbones of older individuals and mice exhibited similar age-related bone loss. Furthermore, leptin receptor (LepR)-lineage cells served as the primary source for in vitro cultured and expanded JBSCs, referred to as LepR-Cre+/JBSCs. RNA-sequencing data from the jawbones and LepR-Cre+/JBSCs showed the upregulated expression of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway during aging. Through single-cell transcriptomics, we identified a decrease in the proportion of osteogenic lineage cells and the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in LepR-lineage cells in aging bone tissues. Reduced basal autophagic activity, diminished autophagic flux, and decreased osteogenesis occurred in the jawbones and LepR-Cre+/JBSCs from older mice (O-mice; O-JBSCs). Pharmacologic and constitutive autophagy activation alleviated the impaired osteogenesis in O-JBSCs. In addition, the suppression of mTOR-induced autophagy improved the aging phenotype of O-JBSCs. The activation of autophagy in LepR-Cre+/JBSCs using chemical autophagic activators reduced the alveolar bone resorption in O-mice. Therefore, our study demonstrated that ATG molecules and pathways are crucial in jawbone aging, providing novel approaches to understanding age-related jawbone loss.

[Venetoclax combined with dose-reduced HAD as induction treatment for patients with de-novo acute myeloid leukemia].

The efficacy and safety of venetoclax combined with reduced dose HAD regimen in the treatment of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was investigated. From May 2022 to January 2023, a total of 25 patients with newly diagnosed AML were treated with venetoclax combined with reduced-dose HAD regimen as induction therapy. Accoding to the 2017 ELN recommendations, 13 (52.0%) in favoable, 3 (12.0%) in intemediate, and 9 (36.0%) in adverse. The ORR (CR rate+PR rate) was 88.0%, and the CR rate was 84.0%. By May 30, 2023, with a median follow-up of 9 months, 1 year overall survival, event-free survival, and relapse-free survival were 100%, 94.7%, and 94.7%, respectively. All patients received 1-5 cycles of consolidation therapy and two median cycles. Treatment with venetoclax and reduced dose of HAD regimen in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed AML was high effective and safe.

[Clinicopathological characteristics of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma with B-cell proliferation or neoplasms].

Objective: To investigate the clinical, pathological and immunophenotypic features, and differential diagnosis of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) with B-cell proliferation or neoplasms. Methods: Eight qualified cases were collected from the Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China from January 2019 to July 2023. One case was diagnosed with AITL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and the other seven cases were diagnosed with AITL and B-cell proliferation. Clinical characteristics and pathological morphology were summarized. Immunohistochemical analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization and gene rearrangement detection were performed. Results: The patients' average age was 58 years. Five of them were male. Biopsies of the enlarged cervical lymph nodes showed structural destruction and exhibited various histologic patterns. Some cases revealed Burkitt-like morphology, a moderate tumor volume and slightly irregular nuclei. Some cases showed prominent nucleoli. High endothelial venules and expanded follicular dendritic cells were detected. Tumor cells derived from T-follicular helper (TFH) cells were positive for two or more TFH biomarkers. Nodular or diffuse patchy proliferation of B cells was noted around the tumor tissue, which was initially considered as B-cell lymphoma. All of the 8 cases showed monoclonal rearrangements of the T-cell receptor genes while 5 of them also showed clonal rearrangements of the Ig genes. Seven of the 8 cases were subject to the detection of C-MYC gene breakage and were all negative. EBV-positive cells were seen in 6 cases. Neoplastic B cells were positive for C-MYC (>40%), while proliferative B cells were negative for C-MYC (<40%). Conclusions: The histological morphology of AITL with B-cell proliferation or lymphoma may be different from AITL. An integrated analysis, incorporating clinical, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular assessment, helps reach an accurate diagnosis. This group of cases demonstrated the clinical and pathological characteristics of AITL accompanied by B-cell proliferation and B-cell lymphoma. The findings suggest that C-MYC maybe a feasible indicator for distinguishing B-cell proliferation from B-cell lymphoma, and provide a simple and feasible immunohistochemical marker for the diagnosis and research of composite lymphoma.

Author Correction: A bibliometric analysis and visualization of retinopathy of prematurity from 2001 to 2021.

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2024; 28 (2): 477-501-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202401_35047-PMID: 38305595, published online on January 31, 2024. After publication, the authors have found a mistake in the affiliation No. 1. Affiliation No. 1 has been corrected as follows: The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China There are amendments to this paper. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/35047.

Disparities in the Occurrence of Long-Term Effects of Bone Marrow Suppression after Treatment in Adolescent Young Adult Breast Cancer Survivors.

BACKGROUND: Many adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with breast cancer (BC) receive adjuvant therapy as initial treatment, with long-term bone marrow suppression as a potential complication, but no studies have evaluated the impact of race/ethnicity on the development of bone marrow suppression in AYA BC survivors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Female patients ages 15-39 years diagnosed with BC (2006-2018) and surviving ≥ 2 years were identified from the California Cancer Registry and linked to statewide hospitalization data. We estimated the cumulative incidence of developing late effects of bone marrow suppression, such as leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, bleeding, and infection/sepsis, during hospital discharge diagnoses present ≥ 2 years after diagnosis. We examined the impact of sociodemographic and clinical factors on late effects using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: Of 11,293 patients, 42.8% were non-Hispanic (nH) White, 28.8% Hispanic, 19.5% nH Asian/Pacific Islander, and 7.5% nH Black. In multivariable analyses, nH Blacks had the highest risk (versus nH Whites) of anemia [hazard ratio (HR) 1.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47-2.02], leukopenia (HR 1.56, CI 1.14-2.13), thrombocytopenia (HR 1.46, CI 1.08-1.99), major infection/sepsis (HR 1.64, CI 1.4-1.92), and bleeding (HR 1.89, CI 1.39-2.58). Hispanics had a higher risk of developing anemia (HR 1.17, CI 1.04-1.32), bleeding (HR 1.4, CI 1.12-1.76), and major infections/sepsis (HR 1.36, CI 1.21-1.52). Asian/Pacific Islanders had only a higher risk of developing bleeding (HR 1.33, CI 1.03-1.72). Patients from a low neighborhood socioeconomic status had a 20% higher risk of infection/sepsis (HR 1.21, CI 1.1-1.34), but there were no associations for the other late effects. CONCLUSIONS: We identified that AYAs of nH Black, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander race/ethnicity are at an increased risk of several late effects after adjuvant therapy compared with nH White patients. From these data, providers can implement early/frequent screening of hematologic late effects in these high-risk survivors.