Marinicella marina sp. nov. and Marinicella gelatinilytica sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment, and genome analysis and habitat distribution of the genus Marinicella.

Three Marinicella strains, X102, S1101T and S6413T, were isolated from sediment samples from different coasts of Weihai, PR China. All strains were Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile. The predominant fatty acids of all strains were iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c/C16 : 1 ω6c) and the major polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. Strains X102 and S1101T shared 100 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, and strains S1101T/X102 and S6413T had 95.4 % similarity. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strains S1101T and X102 were 99.9 and 99.2 %, respectively. Strain S1101T had ANI values of 69.1-72.9% and dDDH values of 17.9-20.5 % to members of the genus Marinicella. Strain S6413T had ANI values of 69.1-77.5% and dDDH values of 17.6-21.5 % to members of the genus Marinicella. The results of phylogenetic and comparative genomic analysis showed that the three strains belong to two novel species in the genus Marinicella, and strains X102 and S1101T represented one novel species, and strain S6413T represented another novel species. The result of BOX-PCR and genomic analysis showed that X102 and S1101T were not the same strain. The phylogenetic analyses and genomic comparisons, combined with phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strongly supported that the three strains should be classified as representing two novel species of the genus Marinicella, for which the names Marinicella marina sp. nov. and Marinicella gelatinilytica sp. nov. are proposed, respectively. The type strains of the two novel species are S1101T (=KCTC 92642T=MCCC 1H01359T) and S6413T (=KCTC 92641T=MCCC 1H01362T), respectively. In addition, all previously described isolates of Marinicella were isolated from marine environments, but our study showed that Marinicella is also distributed in non-/low-saline habitats (e.g. animal gut, soil and indoor surface), which broadened our perception of the environmental distribution of Marinicella.

Sediminihaliea albiluteola gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Halieaceae, isolated from marine sediment.

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and facultatively aerobic bacterial strain, designated F7430T, was isolated from coastal sediment collected at Jingzi Wharf in Weihai, PR China. Cells of strain F7430T were 0.3-0.4 µm wide, 2.0-2.6 µm long, non-flagellated, non-motile and formed pale-beige colonies. Growth was observed at 4-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5-8.0) and at NaCl concentrations of 1.0-10.0 % (w/v; optimum, 1.0 %). The sole respiratory quinone of strain F7430T was ubiquinone 8 and the predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c / C18 : 1 ω6c; 60.7 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c/C16 : 1 ω6c; 30.2 %) and C15 : 0 iso (13.9 %). The polar lipids of strain F7430T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, one unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified lipids. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequences analyses indicated that this strain belonged to the family Halieaceae and had high sequence similarities to Parahaliea aestuarii JCM 51547T (95.3 %) and Halioglobus pacificus DSM 27932T (95.2 %) followed by 92.9-95.0 % sequence similarities to other type species within the aforementioned family. The rpoB gene sequences analyses indicated that the novel strain had the highest sequence similarities to Parahaliea aestuarii JCM 51547T (82.2 %) and Parahaliea mediterranea DSM 21924T (82.2 %) followed by 75.2-80.5 % sequence similarities to other type species within this family. Phylogenetic analyses showed that strain F7430T constituted a monophyletic branch clearly separated from the other genera of family Halieaceae. Whole-genome sequencing of strain F7430T revealed a 3.3 Mbp genome size with a DNA G+C content of 52.6 mol%. The genome encoded diverse metabolic pathways including the Entner-Doudoroff pathway, assimilatory sulphate reduction and biosynthesis of dTDP-l-rhamnose. Based on results from the current polyphasic study, strain F7430T is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Halieaceae, for which the name Sediminihaliea albiluteola gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is F7430T (=KCTC 72873T=MCCC 1H00420T).

Salegentibacter maritimus sp. nov., isolated from marine coastal sediment.

Two bacterial strains were isolated from a marine sediment sample taken from Jingzi Wharf, Weihai, China. These two strains were characterized at the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genomic level. The two strains possessed almost identical 16S rRNA gene sequences (99.9 %). However, RAPD-PCR fingerprint patterns discriminated that they were not from one clonal origin. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) value and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) value between the two strains were 98.3 % and 85.4 %, respectively, suggestingthat they belonged to the same species. On the basis of the result of phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences, the two strains belonged to the genus Salegentibacter and were closely related to S. holothuriorum KCTC 12371T (98.6 %) and S. salegens DSM 5424T (98.2-98.3 %). The ANI and dDDH clearly separated strains F63223T and F60176 from the the most related type strains with values below the thresholds for species. The genome sizes of strains F63223T and F60176 were approximate 3.89 and 3.59 Mbp, respectively. The strain F63223T had 3,335 predicted genes with DNA G + C content of 35.6 %. The major respiratory quinone was MK-6 and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified lipid. According to the results of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic characterization, phylogenetic classification and genome analysis, the two isolates could be considered to represent a novel species of the genus Salegentibacter, for which the name Salegentibacter maritimus sp. nov., is proposed, with F63223T (=MCCC 1H00433T = KCTC 82417T) as the type strain.

Stappia albiluteola sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment.

A Gram-stain negative, rod-shaped, facultatively aerobic, pale-beige-coloured bacterial strain, designated F7233T, was isolated from coastal sediment sampled at Jingzi Bay, Weihai, PR China. Cells of strain F7233T were 0.3-0.4 µm wide, 1.2-1.4 µm wide long, non-spore-forming and motile with one flagellum. Optimum growth occurred at 30 °C, with 1.0 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6.5-7.0. Positive for nitrate reduction, hydrolysis of Tweens and oxidase activity. The sole respiratory quinone of strain F7233T was ubiquinone-10 and the predominant cellular fatty acid was summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c/C18 : 1 ω6c). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and one unidentified aminophospholipid. The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA was 63.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the newly isolate belonged to the genus Stappia, with 96.8 % sequence similarity to Stappia indica MCCC 1A01226T, 96.1 % similarity to Stappia stellulata JCM 20692T and 95.5% similarity to Stappia taiwanensis CC-SPIO-10-1T. On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, it is considered that strain F7233T should represent a novel species within the genus Stappia, for which the name Stappia albiluteola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is F7233T (=MCCC 1H00419T=KCTC 72859T).

Thalassotalea algicola sp. nov., an alginate-utilizing bacterium isolated from a red alga.

A facultatively anaerobic bacterium, strain M1531T, was isolated from a red alga (Porphyra) at coastal water in Weihai, China. Cells of the novel strain were Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, motile by means of a single polar flagellum and around 0.6-0.8 × 2.0-3.0 µm in size. Optimum growth occurred at 30 °C, with 2% (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6.5-7.0. On the basis of the result of phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, stain M1531T had close relative with Thalassotalea euphylliae KCTC 42743T (96.9%). Genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 4,061,950 bp, a G + C content of 39.1 mol% and four protein-coding genes related to the degradation of alginate. According to the data obtained, strain M1531T shared ANI value below 95-96%, dDDH value below 23.8% with the closely related type species. Strain M1531T had Q-8 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and possessed Summed Features 3 (C16:1 ω7c/C16:1 ω6c), C16:0 and Summed Features 8 (C18:1 ω7c/C18:1 ω6c) as the major fatty acids. The polar lipids of strain M1531T were identified as phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid and four unidentified lipids. According to the results of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic characterization, phylogenetic properties and genome analysis, strain M1531T represents a novel specie of the genus Thalassotalea, for which the name Thalassotalea algicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M1531T (= MCCC 1H00400T = KCTC 72865T).

Marinobacter orientalis sp. nov., a thiosulfate-oxidizing bacterium isolated from a marine solar saltern.

A facultatively anaerobic bacterium, strain W62T, was isolated from the marine solar saltern in Weihai, China. Cells of the novel strain were Gram-stain negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding, rod-shaped and around 0.3-0.5 × 2.5-3.9 µm in size. Optimum growth occurred at 33-37 °C, with 3-5% (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.0-7.5. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain W62T had close relationship with Marinobacter vulgaris F01T (98.6%), Marinobacter confluentis KCTC 42705T (98.4%) and Marinobacter halotolerans NBRC 110910T (97.7%). Genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 4,050,555 bp, a G+C content of 57.3% and a complete sox system related to thiosulfate oxidization. Strain W62T had ubiquinone-9 as the sole respiratory quinone and possessed Summed Features 3 (C16:1 ω7c/C16:1 ω6c), C16:0 and C18:1 ω9c as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain W62T were identified as aminophospholipid, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. According to the results of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic characterization, phylogenetic properties and genome analysis, strain W62T should represent a novel specie of the genus Marinobacter, for which the name Marinobacter orientalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is W62T (= MCCC 1H00317T = KCTC 62593T).

Sulfitobacter maritimus sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment.

A facultatively anaerobic bacterium, strain S0837T, was isolated from the marine sediment of Jingzi Wharf, Weihai, China. Cells of the novel strain were Gram-stain-negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding, non-pigmented and rod-shaped. Cells were around 0.3-0.5×1.0-1.4 µm in size and often appeared singly. Optimum growth occurred at 33 °C, with 2 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.0-7.5. On the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene sequences, stain S0837T had the closest relative with Sulfitobacter delicatus KCTC 32183T (98.0 %). Genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 3 785 026 bp, a G+C content of 59.8 mol% and several genes related with sulphur oxidation. The strain shared 98.0 % 16S rRNA sequence similarities with closely related type species and shared ANI value below 95-96 %, dDDH value of showed relatedness of 27.4, 25.2 and 25.2 % respectively with the closely related type species. Strain S0837T had ubiquinone-10 as the sole respiratory quinone, and possessed summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c/C18 : 1 ω6c) as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. According to the results of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic characterization, phylogenetic properties and genome analysis, strain S0837T should represent a novel species of the genus Sulfitobacter, for which the name Sulfitobacter maritimus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S0837T (=MCCC 1K04635T=KCTC 72860T).