[Use of estrogens in skin patches in treatment of pre-menstrual syndrome]. / Zastosowanie estrogenów w plastrach naskórnych w leczeniu zespolu klimakterycznego.

A consequence of the diminishing the normal functioning of ovaries is progressing decrease in the levels of sex steroids leading to the clinical symptoms termed menopausal syndrome. This study aimed at evaluating the efficiency of Estraderm TTS-50 (Ciba-Geigy) in the treatment of this syndrome. The study involved 33 female patients, aged between 30 and 65 years. Estraderm in the form of patches containing 0.004 g of 17-estradiol was administered for 3 weeks every month, for 9 weeks. Kupperman's index, cytohormonal tests, and blood serum FSH and LH were tested before, during and after the treatment. A diminishing of the most common symptoms manifested by a statistically significant decrease in Kupperman's index and FSH, and LH levels with significant increase in serum estradiol was noted in 75% of patients following a 9-week treatment with Estraderm. Changes in the sex steroids levels led to a marked increase in the percentage of superficial cells, assessed with cytohormonal tests. Transdermal administration of estrogens in the form of Estraderm TTS-50 is the treatment of choice in the menopausal syndrome.

[Occurrence and the sensitivity to drugs of fungi other than Candida albicans isolated from the vagina]. / Czestosc wystepowania i wrazliwosc na leki grzybów innych niz Candida albicans izolowanych z pochwy.

Frequency of occurrence of fungal species distinct from C. albicans isolated from vaginal mucosa and their sensitivity to antimycotic chemotherapeutics was determined. Material consisted of 452 fungal strains isolated from vagina from patients suffering from afflictions within genital area. Fungal strains isolated belonged to 13 genera. Fungi distinct from C. albicans constituted 27.1% of all the strains. Fungi the most frequently isolated from vagina belonged to following genera: T. glabrata 35.2% C. krusei 18.4% C. pseudotropicalis 15.2% S. cerevisiae 10.4%. In the majority of cases of vaginal infections caused by fungi distinct from C. albicans, Lactobacillus sp. was present and normal pH values of vaginal content 3/4 with variable number of leucocytes were observed. Evaluation of sensitivity to antimycotic drugs of fungal strains was performed by agar dilution technique. In this study the following chemotherapeutics were assayed: nystatin, pimaricin, amphotericin B, flucytosine, clotrimazole, miconazole and ketoconazole. It is worth to underline resistance of T. glabrata and S. cerevisiae to clotrimazole and ketoconazole. Moreover, resistance of strains belonging to genera C. krusei and C. pseudotropicalis to amphotericin B and C. krusei strains to nystatin and flucytosine was noted.

[Diagnostic and clinical characteristics of mycotic vaginitis caused by Candida glabrata (Torulopsis glabrata)]. / Charakterystyka diagnostyczna i kliniczna waginozy grzybiczej wywolanej przez Candida glabrata (Torulopsis glabrata).

In this study an evaluation of frequency of occurrence of C. glabrata, its diagnosis, sensitivity to antifungal drugs and its significance in pathogenesis of mycotic vaginosis was performed. Strains belonging to C. glabrata genus constituted 12.1% of total of 852 isolated strains and 39.2% of strains other than C. albicans. During fungal vaginosis caused by C. glabrata Lactobacillus sp. was present and normal pH values of vaginal secretion were seen. In direct preparations single or few leukocytes were observed and usually numerous blastospores were present. During evaluation of the sensitivity of C. glabrata strains to antimycotic agents a decreased sensitivity of these strains to clotrimazole and ketoconazole was found what speaks for their low usefulness in the treatment of mycotic vaginosis. Significance of C. glabrata in pathogenesis of mycotic vaginosis is not questioned since release of complaints and clinical symptoms in patients with positive therapeutic effect is seen and their persistence in a group of patients with treatment failure.