Global burden and health inequality of nutritional deficiencies from 1990 to 2019.

Introduction: Nutritional deficiencies (NDs) manifest in various forms and are widespread globally. However, a systematic evaluation of the epidemiology of NDs across all causes and age groups in different countries and regions has not been conducted. Materials and methods: This study aimed to utilize data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study to assess the burden and trends of NDs, including their incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Additionally, the study evaluated health inequalities at global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2019. Result: In 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate of NDs was 2,207.71 per 100,000 individuals (95% UI 1,863.04-2,604.67), and the age-standardized DALYs (ASR-DALYs) was 680.12 per 100,000 individuals (95% UI 507.21-894.89). Among the causes of NDs, dietary iron deficiency had the highest ASR-DALYs and exhibited minimal variation. Children under the age of 5 years faced the greatest risk of NDs. Sex disparity was evident, with males having lower rates than females. Although the gap in the burden of NDs between regions classified as poor and wealthy decreased, disparities persist. Conclusion: These findings provide critical insights for the development of global health strategies aimed at mitigating NDs and may guide policymakers in implementing effective and economically viable interventions.

Nomograms and prognosis for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

In recent years, endoscopic resection, particularly endoscopic submucosal dissection, has become increasingly popular in treating non-metastatic superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this evolving paradigm, it is crucial to identify factors that predict higher rates of lymphatic invasion and poorer outcomes. Larger tumor size, deeper invasion, poorer differentiation, more infiltrative growth patterns (INF-c), higher-grade tumor budding, positive lymphovascular invasion, and certain biomarkers have been associated with lymph node metastasis and increased morbidity through retrospective reviews, leading to the construction of comprehensive nomograms for outcome prediction. If validated by future prospective studies, these nomograms would prove highly applicable in guiding the selection of treatment for superficial ESCC.

Regulable high-contrast mechanofluorochromic enhancement behaviour based on substituent effects.

Herein, a facile strategy was established to build mechanoresponsive luminogens with high sensitivity to substituents and positional effects. Even in slightly different structures, distinct optical phenomena, including fluorescence efficiency and mechano-responsive properties, were clearly present. Outstanding mechanical-induced emission enhancement (5-100 times) properties and reversibility makes for promising applications in pressure sensors and OLEDs.

Precise Synthesis of Organic Cocrystal Alloys with Full-Spectrum Emission Characteristics for the Stepless Color Changing Display.

Organic luminescent materials are indispensable in optoelectronic displays and solid-state luminescence applications. Compared with single-component, multi-component crystalline materials can improve optoelectronic characteristics. This work forms a series of full-spectrum tunable luminescent charge-transfer (CT) cocrystals ranging from 400 to 800 nm through intermolecular collaborative self-assembly. What is even more interesting is that o-TCP-Cor(x)-Pe(1-x), p-TCP-Cor(x)-Pe(1-x), and o-TCP-AN(x)-TP(1-x) alloys are prepared based on cocrystals by doping strategies, which correspondingly achieve the stepless color change from blue (CIE [0.22, 0.44]) to green (CIE [0.16, 0.14]), from green (CIE [0.27, 0.56]) to orange (CIE [0.58, 0.42]), from yellow (CIE [0.40, 0.57]) to red (CIE [0.65, 0.35]). The work provides an efficient method for precisely synthesizing new luminescent organic semiconductor materials and lays a solid foundation for developing advanced organic solid-state displays.

Hierarchical Integration of Organic Core/Shell Microwires for Advanced Photonics.

The combination of multiple components or structures into integrated micro/nanostructures for practical application has been pursued for many years. Herein, a series of hierarchical organic microwires with branch, core/shell (C/S), and branch C/S structures are successfully constructed based on organic charge transfer (CT) cocrystals with structural similarity and physicochemical tunability. By regulating the intermolecular CT interaction, single microwires and branch microstructures can be integrated into the C/S and branch C/S structures, respectively. Significantly, the integrated branch C/S microwires, with multicolor waveguide behavior and branch structure multichannel waveguide output characteristics, can function as an optical logic gate with multiple encoding features. This work provides useful insights for creating completely new types of organic microstructures for integrated optoelectronics.

Self-assembled organic homostructures with tunable optical waveguides fabricated via "cocrystal engineering".

Organic homostructures with tunable physiochemical properties were fabricated by simply changing the isomer molecules via the "cocrystal engineering" approach. The morphology of the cocrystals can be changed into rod-like or branched, with superior waveguide and multi-directional waveguide performance, respectively, which contributes to the realization of optical waveguide modules with integrated functions.