[Metrology analysis and thoughts of literatures on tinnitus associated with sudden deafness based on CiteSpace].

Objective: To explore the incidence of sudden deafness accompanied with tinnitus, the selection of examination protocols and treatment, and to provide reference for the establishment of new guidelines for sudden deafness. Methods: CiteSpace software was used for analysis and data mining to analyze and summarize the computer-retrieved articles on diagnostic examination and treatment of sudden deafness accompanied with tinnitus collected from CNIC, Wanfang and Web of Science databases from 2011 to 2021. Results: A total of 207 randomized controlled studies were retrieved in this study, including 121 in Chinese and 86 in English. Finally, 74 Chinese literatures and 16 English literatures were included. Among the 74 valid Chinese literatures, 64 (86.5%) were accompanied with tinnitus, 58 (78.4%) with dizziness/vertigo, 25 (33.8%) with aural fullness, 10 (13.5%) with headache, 4 (5.4%) with insomnia, 4 (5.4%) with a mixture of dizziness and tinnitus, and 2 (2.7%) with vomiting. Among the 16 English literatures, 15 (93.8%) were accompanied with tinnitus, 12 (75.0%) with vertigo, 1 (6.3%) with aural fullness, and 1 (6.3%) with a mixture of various symptoms. Among the 64 Chinese articles mentioning tinnitus, only 9 mentioned tinnitus matching tests, and 1 mentioned that the treatment for tinnitus accompanying symptoms was sound therapy and psychological counseling. The incidence rates of tinnitus accompanying four different types of sudden deafness, from low to high, are as follows: low-to-mid frequency, 82.4%; mid-to-high frequency, 90.7%; complete deafness, 92.4%; and flat type, 92.8%. Conclusion: Tinnitus is the most common accompanying symptom of sudden deafness, and tinnitus matching test is an effective evaluation method. When establishing a scientific, comprehensive, and systematic diagnosis and treatment system or guidelines for sudden deafness, attention should be paid to the diagnosis and treatment of tinnitus symptoms and their adverse psychological reactions, in order to reduce the incidence of tinnitus patients in the later stage of recovery from sudden deafness.

Design of the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma source for the space plasma environment research facility.

The Space Plasma Environment Research Facility (SPERF) was built in Harbin to study the three-dimensional magnetic reconnection and wave-particle interactions relevant to space physics in laboratory settings. A 2.45 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) plasma source is adopted in the device to simulate the Earth's magnetosphere and achieve the scientific goals. In this paper, the design of the ECR plasma source is presented. The structures of the microwave source, the microwave transfer system, and the antenna are introduced. Additionally, the resonant surfaces are computed to predict the locations of microwave absorption. The absorption mechanisms of the microwave in the SPERF are also discussed. The discharge experiment demonstrates the utility of the ECR source in simulating the Earth's magnetosphere. The successful operation of the source indicates that the ECR discharge is a powerful tool for creating a plasma environment in a large plasma experimental device.

Effects of ferritin heavy chain on oxidative stress, cell proliferation and apoptosis in geese follicular granulosa cells.

1. The ferritin heavy chain (FHC) has a vital impact on follicular development in geese, due to its ability to regulate apoptosis of granulosa cells (GCs) and follicular atresia. However, its specific regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. The present study characterised how FHC regulates oxidative stress, cell proliferation and apoptosis in goose GCs by interfering with and overexpressing the FHC gene.2. After 72 h of interference with FHC expression, the activity of GCs decreased remarkably (p < 0.05), reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the expression levels of antioxidant enzyme genes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) increased significantly (p < 0.05). The overexpression of FHC for 72 h was found to significantly reduce the expression of CAT and SOD genes (p < 0.05).3. Interfering with FHC expression revealed that the expression levels of the cell proliferation gene Aurora kinase A (AURORA-A) were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while the expression levels of the apoptosis genes B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) and cysteine aspartate-specific protease 8 (CASPASE 8) increased (p < 0.05). Further research has shown that, when interfering with FHC expression for 72 h, apoptosis rate increased by 1.19-fold (p < 0.05), but the current data showed a lower apoptosis rate after FHC overexpression by 59.41%, 63.39%, and 52.31% at three different treatment times (p < 0.05).4. In conclusion, FHC improved the antioxidant capacity of GCs, promotes GCs proliferation, and inhibits GCs apoptosis of ovarian follicles in Sichuan white geese.

Historical Trends and Future Projections of Demand for Permanent Residential Aged Care for Older People in Australia, 2008-2052.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the historical trends and predict the future rates and total volumes of permanent residential aged care (PRAC) service utilization in Australia. DESIGN: A population-based repeated cross-sectional and projection study of non-indigenous older people (≥65 years) accessing PRAC in Australia was conducted. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Publicly available aged care admissions from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare and population estimates from the Australian Bureau of Statistics were used. METHODS: Historical incidence rates (per 1000 people), incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% CIs of PRAC admission from 2008-2009 to 2020-2021 were estimated using negative binomial regression models. The future incidence and prediction intervals (PIs) of PRAC admission between 2021-2022 and 2051-2052 were projected using a generalized additive model-negative binomial regression. All estimates were adjusted or standardized by sex and age. RESULTS: Between 2008-2009 and 2020-2021, the adjusted admission to PRAC decreased (from 23.6/1000 people to 15.7/1000 people with an IRR = 0.97/year, 95% CI 0.97-0.98). The projected PRAC admission rate will decrease to 12.1/1000 (95%PI 10.8-13.3) by 2037-2038 and 9.0/1000 (95%PI 7.6-10.4) by 2051-2052. The projected volume of PRAC admission will be 73,988 (95%PI 65,960-81,425) at its highest point in 2037-2038 and 64,579 (95%PI 54,258-74,543) in 2051-2052. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The utilization of PRAC has decreased in the past decade, and a predicted decrease in PRAC use in future years is estimated. However, the volume of PRAC utilization will still increase for the next 15 years (until 2037-2038) due to our increasingly older population. These findings can inform service planning of PRAC access in Australia.

[The predictive value of microvascular obstruction for adverse left ventricular remodeling after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a prospective study].

Objectives: Microvascular obstruction (MVO) is a specific cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging feature in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the predictive value of MVO in left ventricular adverse remodeling after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: A total of 167 patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI in the Chinese PLA General Hospital from 2016 to 2020 were enrolled in this prospective cohort study, the average age of study patients was 57±10 years old, with 151 males (90.4%) and 16 females (9.6%). The patients were divided into the MVO group (n=81) and non-MVO group (n=86) according to the presence or absence of MVO on CMR imaging, respectively. The primary endpoint of the study was the occurrence of left ventricular adverse remodeling, which was defined as an increase in left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV) by >20% at 6 months after primary PCI compared with the baseline. Patients who completed follow-up were diagnosed as left ventricular adverse remodeling or no left ventricular adverse remodeling according to CMR. The baseline data, perioperative data, and related data of end points were compared between the MVO group and non-MVO group. Finally, the predictive value of MVO in left ventricular adverse remodeling was calculated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: In the baseline data, preoperative thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow (χ2=13.74, P=0.003) and postoperative TIMI flow (χ2=14.87, P=0.001) were both obviously decreased in the MVO group. After 6 months of follow-up, the incidence of left ventricular adverse remodeling in the MVO group was significantly higher than that in the non-MVO group [37.0%(27/73) vs. 18.9%(14/74), χ2=5.96, P=0.015]. The left ventricular end systolic volume at 6 months post infarction in the MVO group was significantly larger than that in the non-MVO group [(94±32) vs. (68±20) ml, t=-5.98, P<0.001], as well as the LVEDV [(169±38) vs. (143±29) ml, t=-4.74, P<0.001]. Receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the area under the curve of MVO size for predicting left ventricular adverse remodeling was 0.637. Conclusion: The risk of left ventricular adverse remodeling is significantly increased in patients with MVO after primary PCI for acute STEMI.

The effect of medical education and counselling on treatment adherence and disease severity in patients with acne vulgaris: a non-randomised interventional study.

INTRODUCTION: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a common inflammatory skin disease affecting adolescents and young adults. It affects one's self-esteem and social relationship. In addition, poor adherence to treatment can cause poor treatment response and disease recurrence. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of medical education and counselling on treatment adherence and disease severity. METHODS: This is a non-randomised interventional study with age- and treatment- matched control conducted in a tertiary dermatology clinic from July 2021 to June 2022. Patients in the intervention group received a 10 min video presentation on acne, followed by treatment counselling. The adherence rate was determined objectively (pill counting and tube weighing) and subjectively (ECOB questionnaire). The disease severity was assessed using the Comprehensive Acne Severity Scale (CASS) and Global Acne Grading System (GAGS). RESULTS: A total of 100 patients completed the 12-week study. With intervention, patients have better adherence to topical medication (5% benzoyl peroxide gel: 71% vs 57.9%, p= 0.031; 0.05% tretinoin cream: 58.7% vs 45.4%, p= 0.044) at week 12. However, the intervention program did not improve adherence to oral medication. Overall, with intervention, a significantly higher percentage of improvement in disease severity was noted (47.3% vs. 39.1%, p=0.044). Nonadherence to treatment was attributed mostly to forgetfulness in 54% of the patients, followed by a busy lifestyle (41%) and little knowledge of acne (26%). CONCLUSION: Patients have significantly better adherence to topical medication with education and counselling. Better adherence to treatment leads to more remarkable disease improvement.