Lung microbiome alterations in patients with anti-Jo1 antisynthetase syndrome and interstitial lung disease.

Aim: To characterize the lung microbiome in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with Antisynthetase Syndrome (ASSD) according to anti-Jo1 autoantibody positivity and evaluate the correlation with differential cell count and other bacterial genera in BALF. Methods: We sequenced the 16S ribosomal RNA gene in the BALF of anti-Jo1-positive (JoP, n=6) and non-Jo1-positive (NJo, n=17) patients, and the differential cell count in BALF was evaluated. The Spearman's correlation was calculated for the quantitative variables and abundance of bacterial species. Results: The Veillonella genus showed a significant decrease (p<0.01) in JoP (2.2%) in comparison to NJo (4.1%) patients. The correlation analysis showed several high (rho ≥ ± 0.7) and significant (p < 0.05) correlations. We analyzed the results obtained for the Veillonella genera and other study variables. The JoP group showed that the abundance of Veillonella had a high negative correlation with macrophages (rho = - 0.77) and a positive correlation with eosinophils (rho = 0.77), lymphocytes (rho = 0.77), and Prevotella (rho = 1). Conclusions: The lung microbiome in ASSD patients differs and may affect cell composition, contributing to lung damage mechanisms. The presence of anti-Jo1 autoantibodies showed a low abundance of Veillonella. This genus had a strong and positive correlation with Prevotella abundance and levels of eosinophils and lymphocytes, and it showed a strong negative correlation with the percentage of macrophages.

Lung Microbiome Participation in Local Immune Response Regulation in Respiratory Diseases.

The lung microbiome composition has critical implications in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Next-generation sequencing techniques have revolutionized the understanding of pulmonary physiology and pathology. Currently, it is clear that the lung is not a sterile place; therefore, the investigation of the participation of the pulmonary microbiome in the presentation, severity, and prognosis of multiple pathologies, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and interstitial lung diseases, contributes to a better understanding of the pathophysiology. Dysregulation of microbiota components in the microbiome-host interaction is associated with multiple lung pathologies, severity, and prognosis, making microbiome study a useful tool for the identification of potential therapeutic strategies. This review integrates the findings regarding the activation and regulation of the innate and adaptive immune response pathways according to the microbiome, including microbial patterns that could be characteristic of certain diseases. Further studies are required to verify whether the microbial profile and its metabolites can be used as biomarkers of disease progression or poor prognosis and to identify new therapeutic targets that restore lung dysbiosis safely and effectively.

Factores asociados con mal pronóstico en embarazadas con diagnóstico de SARS-CoV-2 / Factors associated with poor forecasting in pregnant women with SARS-Cov-2 diagnosis

Resumen OBJETIVO: Describir los factores asociados con mal pronóstico en embarazadas con diagnóstico de infección por virus SARS-CoV-2. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal, descriptivo y comparativo de los datos abiertos reportados por la Secretaría de Salud de México de pacientes COVID-19 hasta el 26 de abril de 2020. Se incluyeron mujeres embarazadas, con reporte positivo para infección por SARS-CoV-2. El grupo control se integró con mujeres en edad reproductiva. Se excluyeron las mujeres en quienes el estado puerperal se reportó desconocido o sin correspondencia. En ambos grupos se analizaron la severidad de la enfermedad y las comorbilidades asociadas con la severidad. RESULTADOS: Se registraron 84 mujeres embarazadas con infección por SARS-CoV-2 vs 2836 con infección por SARS-CoV-2 en edad reproductiva. El 33% de las embarazadas requirió hospitalización vs 17% de las no embarazadas; fue mayor la necesidad de intubación (2.4 vs 0.08%), ingreso a la unidad de cuidados intensivos (3.6 vs 1.3%) y letalidad en las embarazadas (7.14 vs 0.7%). Éstas tuvieron mayor probabilidad de llegar a la forma severa de la infección (7%) vs las no embarazadas en edad reproductiva (2.8%). Las comorbilidades asociadas con mayor severidad fueron diabetes (50%) y tabaquismo (33%). CONCLUSIÓN: Las mujeres embarazadas tienen mayor probabilidad de experimentar una forma severa ante la infección por SARS-CoV-2 vs las mujeres en edad reproductiva. Los principales factores asociados con la infección fueron la coexistencia de diabetes y el antecedente de tabaquismo.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To describe the associated factors with the degree of severity in pregnant Mexican women reported with SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive, transversal and comparative study of free dates reported by Mexico's Health Secretary of COVID-19 patients until April 26th, 2020. Pregnant women positive to SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. Control group were women in reproductive age. Exclusion criteria were women with puerperal status reported as unknown or does not apply. Infection was analyzed by severity in both groups, then comorbidities associated to degree of severity were determined with descriptive statistic. RESULTS: 84 pregnant women were positive to SARS-CoV-2 vs 2,836 non-pregnant infected women in reproductive age. 33% of pregnant women required hospitalization vs 17% of control group. 2.4% vs 0.08% required intubation, 3.6% vs 1.3% were admitted to critical care unit and lethality was 7.14% vs 0.7% in pregnant vs control group respectively. Main comorbidities associated with severity in pregnant women were diabetes (50%) and tobacco use (33%). CONCLUSION: Pregnant women have greater probability to develop a severe form of SAR-CoV-2 infection compared to women in reproductive age. The main associated factors to severe forms were diabetes and tobacco use.