How Parental Mediation and Parental Phubbing Affect Preschool Children's Screen Media Use: A Response Surface Analysis.

Parental mediation (PM) and parental phubbing (PP) are two pivotal factors that influence children's screen media use. This study used response surface analysis to examine the combined effect of PM and PP on screen time among preschool children. A total of 3,445 parents with preschool-aged children participated in this study, providing self-reported data on PM, PP, and their children's screen time (CST). The results revealed that CST decreased when parents enhanced their mediation behaviors and reduced phubbing behaviors in the cases of congruence between PM and PP. In instances of incongruence, reduced screen time was observed when parents exhibited lower frequency in mediating their CST and displayed fewer phubbing behaviors compared with situations where parents mediated their children more frequently but engaged in higher levels of phubbing behaviors. The findings suggest that PM play a significant role in mitigating preschool-aged children's excessive screen time. Moreover, it is critical to establish positive role modeling by reducing PP behaviors.

ALKBH5 gene polymorphisms and risk of neuroblastoma in Chinese children from Jiangsu Province.

Background: Neuroblastoma is one of the most common extracranial malignant solid tumors in children. AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) is an RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase that plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and development. We assessed the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ALKBH5 and the risk of neuroblastoma in a case-control study including 402 patients and 473 non-cancer controls. Methods: Genotyping was determined by the TaqMan method. The association between ALKBH5 polymorphisms (rs1378602 and rs8400) and the risk of neuroblastoma was evaluated using the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: We found no strong association of ALKBH5 rs1378602 and rs8400 with neuroblastoma risk. Further stratification analysis by age, sex, primary site, and clinical stage showed that the rs1378602 AG/AA genotype was associated with a lower risk of neuroblastoma in males (adjusted OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.35-0.97, p = 0.036) and children with retroperitoneal neuroblastoma (adjusted OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.34-0.98, p = 0.040). Conclusions: ALKBH5 SNPs do not seem to be associated with neuroblastoma risk. More studies are required to confirm this negative result and reveal the relationship between gene polymorphisms of the m6A modifier ALKBH5 and neuroblastoma.

Time to surgical treatment for hip fracture care.

BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated beneficial outcomes associated with timely surgical treatment of hip fracture. Subsequently, practice recommendations changed with 24-48 h as the recommended time for surgery from admission; however, recent data on timing of hip fracture surgery and how this impacts outcomes are lacking. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included patients who had a primary diagnosis of hip fracture and underwent a subsequent surgical repair within 3 days of admission (Premier Healthcare claims 2006-2021 data). The primary exposure of interest was time from hip fracture diagnosis to surgery (categorized as 0-1 day, 2 days, and 3 days). Outcomes included any major complication, mortality, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Mixed-effects models measured the association between timing of surgery and outcomes. We report odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Among 501,267 surgical hip fracture patients, 26.0%, 56.0%, and 18.1% of patients received surgery on days 0-1, 2, and 3, respectively. The median ages were 83, 84, and 84 years old, and there were 73.3%, 72.2%, and 68.8% female in each group respectively. Compared with repair on day 0-1, hip fracture surgical treatment on day 2 or day 3 was associated with increased odds of major complications (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.08 and OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.13-1.2), mortality (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.14 and OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.12-1.28), and ICU admission (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04-1.09 and OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.32-1.4) after adjusting major comorbidities; all p < 0.001. CONCLUSION: Despite the publication of society guidelines in 2015, most fracture patients still received surgery on day 2 or day 3 of admission and were associated with worse outcomes. Balancing optimization of clinical factors with timing of surgery can be challenging, and further research is needed. Nonetheless, our findings reiterate the importance of timely surgical intervention.

Comparative effectiveness of neuraxial versus general anesthesia in total joint replacement surgery: an updated retrospective analysis using more recent data.

INTRODUCTION: Over a decade ago, our study group showed improved outcomes among total hip/knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA) patients given neuraxial versus general anesthesia. As the use of neuraxial anesthesia has increased and anesthesia practices evolve, updated analyses are critical to ensure if previously found differences still persist. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included elective THA/TKAs from 2006 to 2021 as recorded in the all-payor Premier Healthcare Database. Multivariable regression models measured the association between anesthesia type (neuraxial, general, combined) and several adverse outcomes (pulmonary embolism, cerebrovascular events, pulmonary compromise, cardiac complications, acute myocardial infarction, pneumonia, all infections, acute renal failure, gastrointestinal complications, postoperative mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit admissions, and blood transfusions); models were run separately by period (2006-2015 and 2016-2021) and THA/TKA. RESULTS: We identified 587,919 and 499,484 THAs for 2006-2015 and 2016-2021, respectively; this was 1,186,483 and 803,324 for TKAs. Among THAs, neuraxial anesthesia use increased from 10.7% in 2006 to 25.7% in 2021; during both time periods, specifically neuraxial versus general anesthesia was associated with lower odds for most adverse outcomes, with sometimes stronger (protective) effect estimates observed for 2016-2021 versus 2006-2015 (eg, acute renal failure OR 0.72 CI 0.65 to 0.80 vs OR 0.56 CI 0.50 to 0.63 and blood transfusion OR 0.91 CI 0.89 to 0.94 vs OR 0.44 CI 0.41 to 0.47, respectively; all p<0.001). Similar patterns existed for TKAs. CONCLUSION: These findings re-confirm our study group's decade-old study using more recent data and offer additional evidence toward the sustained benefit of neuraxial anesthesia in major orthopedic surgery.

Neuroblastoma susceptibility and association of N7-methylguanosine modification gene polymorphisms: multi-center case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common extracranial solid malignancy in children. The N7-methylguanosine (m7G) modification gene METTL1/WDR4 polymorphisms may serve as promising molecular markers for identifying populations susceptible to NB. METHODS: TaqMan probes was usded to genotype METTL1/WDR4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 898 NB patients and 1734 healthy controls. A logistic regression model was utilized to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), evaluating the association between genotype polymorphisms and NB susceptibility. The analysis was also stratified by age, sex, tumor origin site, and clinical stage. RESULTS: Individual polymorphism of the METTL1/WDR4 gene investigated in this study did not show significant associations with NB susceptibility. However, combined genotype analysis revealed that carrying all 5 WDR4 protective genotypes was associated with a significantly lower NB risk compared to having 0-4 protective genotypes (AOR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.69-0.96, P = 0.014). Further stratified analyses revealed that carrying 1-3 METTL1 risk genotypes, the WDR4 rs2156316 CG/GG genotype, the WDR4 rs2248490 CG/GG genotype, and having all five WDR4 protective genotypes were all significantly correlated with NB susceptibility in distinct subpopulations. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our findings suggest significant associations between m7G modification gene METTL1/WDR4 SNPs and NB susceptibility in specific populations. IMPACT: Genetic variation in m7G modification gene is associated with susceptibility to NB. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in METTL1/WDR4 are associated with susceptibility to NB. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of METTL1/WDR4 can be used as a biomarker for screening NB susceptible populations.

Comprehensive variant analysis of phospholipase A2 superfamily genes in large Chinese Parkinson' s disease cohorts.

To clarify the genetic role of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) genes in Parkinson's disease (PD), we performed a genetic association study in large Chinese population cohorts using next-generation sequencing. In this study, we analyzed both rare and common variants of 38 phospholipase A2 genes in two large cohorts. We detected 1558 and 1115 rare variants in these two cohorts, respectively. In both cohorts, we observed suggestive associations between specific subgroups and the risk of PD. At the single-gene level, several genes (PLA2G2D, PLA2G12A, PLA2G12B, PLA2G4F, PNPLA1, PNPLA3, PNPLA7, PLA2G7, PLA2G15, PLAAT5, and ABHD12) are suggestively associated with PD. Meanwhile, 364 and 2261 common variants were identified in two cohorts, respectively. Our study has expanded the genetic spectrum of the PLA2 family genes and suggested potential pathogenetic roles of PLA2 superfamily in PD.

Elastic strain-induced amorphization in high-entropy alloys.

Elastic stability is the basis for understanding structural responses to external stimuli in crystalline solids, including melting, incipient plasticity and fracture. In this work, elastic stability is investigated in a series of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) using in situ mechanical tests and atomic-resolution characterization in transmission electron microscopy. Under tensile loading, the HEA lattices are observed to undergo a sudden loss of ordering as the elastic strain reached ∽ 10%. Such elastic strain-induced amorphization stands in intrinsic contrast to previously reported dislocation-mediated elastic instability and defect accumulation-mediated amorphization, introducing a form of elastic instability. Together with the first principle calculations and atomic-resolution chemical mapping, we identify that the elastic strain-induced amorphization is closely related to the depressed dislocation nucleation due to the local atomic environment inhomogeneity of HEAs. Our findings provide insights for the understanding of the fundamental nature of physical mechanical phenomena like elastic instability and incipient plasticity.

Should Chronological Age be a Consideration in Patients Undergoing Elective Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty?

BACKGROUND: The optimal time for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) requires a balance between patient disability and health state to minimize complications. While chronological age has not been shown to be predictive of complications in elective surgical patients, there is a point beyond which even optimized elderly patients would be at increased risk for complications. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of chronological age on complications following primary TKA. METHODS: Using an administrative database, the records of 2,129,191 patients undergoing elective unilateral TKA between 2006 and 2021 were reviewed. The primary outcomes of interest were cardiac and pulmonary complications, and their relationship to the Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Index (CDI) and chronological age. Secondary outcomes included risk of renal, neurologic, infection, and intensive care utilization postoperatively. The results were analyzed using a graphical method. The impact of chronological age as a modifier of overall risk for complications was modeled as a continuous variable. An age cutoff threshold of 80 years was also assigned for clinical convenience. RESULTS: The risk of complications correlated more closely to the CDI (odds ratio (OR) 1.37 to 2.1) than chronological age (OR 1.0 to 1.1) across the various complications [Table 1. However, beyond age 80 years, the risks of cardiac, pulmonary, renal, and cerebrovascular complications were significantly increased for all CDI categories (OR 1.73 to 3.40) compared to patients below age 80 years [Table 2] [Figures 1A and 1B]. CONCLUSIONS: Chronologic age can impact the risk of complications even in well-optimized elderly patients undergoing primary TKA. As arthroplasty continues to transition to outpatient settings and inpatient denials increase, these results can help patients, physicians, and payors mitigate risk while optimizing the allocation of resources.

Harnessing the Synergetic Effects of Ag, Mn Dopants in Eco-Friendly Ultraviolet Selective Quantum Dots for Luminescent Solar Concentrators.

Quantum dots (QDs) are promising building blocks for luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), yet most QD-based LSCs suffer from toxic metal composition and color tinting. UV-selective harvesting QDs can enable visible transparency, but their development is restricted by large reabsorption losses and low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). The developed here Ag, Mn: ZnInS2/ZnS QDs show a high PLQY of 53% due to the passivating effect of ZnS shell. These QDs selectively absorb UV light and emit orange-red light with a large Stokes shift of 180 nm. A LSC of 5 × 5 × 0.2 cm3, fabricated using a poly(lauryl methacrylate) (PLMA) as a matrix, maintains 87% of integrated PL after 7 h of UV exposure. The QD-PLMA achieved 90.7% average visible transparency (AVT) and a color rendering index (CRI) of 95.8, which is close to plain PLMA (AVT = 90.8%; CRI = 99.5), yielding excellent visible light transparency. Incorporating Si-PVs at LSC edges, the Ag, Mn: ZIS/ZnS QD-LSC achieved an optical efficiency of 1.42%, ranking competitively among high-performing UV-harvesting LSCs.

Predicting asymptomatic coronary artery disease in first-ever acute ischemic stroke patients: a cross-sectional study.

Background: It is frequently observed that patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke (AIS) have a common occurrence of asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD). This condition is associated with a poor prognosis. Early detection and recognition of asymptomatic CAD in first-ever AIS patients may optimize the clinical management and ultimately lead to improved outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of aortic arch plaque (AAP) detected through combined computed tomography angiography (CTA) as an early predictor of asymptomatic CAD in patients with first-ever AIS without prior diagnosis of CAD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2019 to December 2021, involving patients with first-ever AIS caused by large arterial atherosclerosis. Patients with a history of recognized cardiovascular disease, nonatherosclerotic arterial stenosis, atrial fibrillation related to cardioembolism, and complete carotid occlusions were excluded. The study utilized a combined coronary and cervicocephalic CTA to evaluate atherosclerosis in the cervicocephalic, aortic, and coronary arteries simultaneously. First-ever AIS patients without prior diagnosis of CAD were divided into 2 groups: 1 with asymptomatic CAD detected through CTA and the other without. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors associated with the presence of asymptomatic CAD, including aortic arch, cervical and intracranial atherosclerotic characteristics (e.g., vascular stenosis, plaque thickness, extent, and complexity). Results: Among 182 AIS patients, 84 (46.2%) had asymptomatic CAD. Increased aortic arch plaque (AAP) thickness per millimeter [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-1.47], presence of severe AAP (aOR: 4.24; 95% CI: 1.59-12.03), mixed AAP (aOR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.09-6.62), and ulcerative AAP (aOR: 11.76; 95% CI: 2.05-222.84) raised the risk of asymptomatic CAD in stroke patients, independent of other factors. The combination of ulcerative AAP, diabetes mellitus, and smoking could predict asymptomatic CAD with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.64-0.79; P<0.001). Ulcerative AAP was found to be more valuable than cervicocephalic atherosclerotic characteristics for predicting asymptomatic CAD in first-ever AIS patients. Conclusions: The presence of ulcerative AAP was associated with asymptomatic CAD in first-ever AIS patients. As an early systemic atherosclerosis feature, ulcerative AAP is probably a more valuable indicator than cervicocephalic atherosclerotic characteristics for predicting asymptomatic CAD in AIS patients.

Parent-child educational aspiration congruence and adolescents' internalizing problems: The moderating effect of SES.

Previous studies have found that adolescents and their parents may hold discrepant views about educational aspirations. However, little is known about how these discrepancies affect adolescents' internalizing problems and the moderating effect of SES on the relation between (in)congruence of parent-child educational aspirations and adolescents' internalizing problems. Therefore, this study explored the relation between (in)congruence of parent-child educational aspirations and adolescents' internalizing problems, and further tested the moderating role of SES. Based on two-wave survey data collected from a nationally representative sample of 8194 parent-child dyads in China (51.3 % boys, mean age = 13.58 years), multilevel polynomial regression and response surface analysis were performed to investigate the hypotheses. The results found that (1) internalizing problems were minimal when the two educational aspiration variables were congruent, (2) internalizing problems were the highest when the discrepancy between child educational and parental educational aspirations was largest, and (3) SES moderated the relation between (in)congruence in educational aspirations and adolescents' internalizing problems. The study's results not only comprehensively and intuitively reveal the influence of parents' and children's educational aspirations on adolescents' internalizing problems, but also provide targeted guidance and suggestions regarding parenting practices for families from diverse SES backgrounds.

Alexithymia modulates emotion concept activation during facial expression processing.

Alexithymia is characterized by difficulties in emotional information processing. However, the underlying reasons for emotional processing deficits in alexithymia are not fully understood. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying emotional deficits in alexithymia. Using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, we recruited college students with high alexithymia (n = 24) or low alexithymia (n = 24) in this study. Participants judged the emotional consistency of facial expressions and contextual sentences while recording their event-related potentials. Behaviorally, the high alexithymia group showed longer response times versus the low alexithymia group in processing facial expressions. The event-related potential results showed that the high alexithymia group had more negative-going N400 amplitudes compared with the low alexithymia group in the incongruent condition. More negative N400 amplitudes are also associated with slower responses to facial expressions. Furthermore, machine learning analyses based on N400 amplitudes could distinguish the high alexithymia group from the low alexithymia group in the incongruent condition. Overall, these findings suggest worse facial emotion perception for the high alexithymia group, potentially due to difficulty in spontaneously activating emotion concepts. Our findings have important implications for the affective science and clinical intervention of alexithymia-related affective disorders.

Impact of sugammadex and neostigmine on outcome after major orthopaedic surgery: A population-based analysis.

BACKGROUND: Residual neuromuscular blockade after surgery remains a major concern given its association with pulmonary complications. However, current clinical practices with and the comparative impact on perioperative risk of various reversal agents remain understudied. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the use of sugammadex and neostigmine in the USA, and their impact on postoperative complications by examining national data. DESIGN: This population-based retrospective study used national Premier Healthcare claims data. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Patients undergoing total hip/knee arthroplasty (THA, TKA), or lumbar spine fusion surgery between 2016 and 2019 in the United States who received neuromuscular blocking agents. INTERVENTION: The effects of sugammadex and neostigmine for pharmacologically enhanced reversal were compared with each other and with controls who received no reversal agent. MAIN OUTCOMES: included pulmonary complications, cardiac complications, and a need for postoperative ventilation. Mixed-effects regression models compared the outcomes between neostigmine, sugammadex, and controls. We report odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Bonferroni-adjusted P values of 0.008 were used to indicate significance. RESULTS: Among 361 553 patients, 74.5% received either sugammadex (20.7%) or neostigmine (53.8%). Sugammadex use increased from 4.4% in 2016 to 35.4% in 2019, whereas neostigmine use decreased from 64.5% in 2016 to 43.4% in 2019. Sugammadex versus neostigmine or controls was associated with significantly reduced odds for cardiac complications (OR 0.86, 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.92 and OR 0.83, 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.89, respectively). Both sugammadex and neostigmine versus controls were associated with reduced odds for pulmonary complications (OR 0.85, 95% CI, 0.77 to 0.94 and OR 0.91, CI 0.85 to 0.98, respectively). A similar pattern of sugammadex and neostigmine was observed for a reduction in severe pulmonary complications, including the requirement of invasive ventilation (OR 0.54, 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.64 and OR 0.53, 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.6, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Population-based data indicate that sugammadex and neostigmine both appear highly effective in reducing the odds of severe life-threatening pulmonary complications. Sugammadex, especially, was associated with reduced odds of cardiac complications.

Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Heck Coupling and Allylboration of Iododiboron Compounds via Diboryl Radicals.

Geminal bis(boronates) are versatile synthetic building blocks in organic chemistry. The fact that they predominantly serve as nucleophiles in the previous reports, however, has restrained their synthetic potential. Herein we disclose the ambiphilic reactivity of α-halogenated geminal bis(boronates), of which the first catalytic utilization was accomplished by merging a formal Heck cross-coupling with a highly diastereoselective allylboration of aldehydes or imines, providing a new avenue for rapid assembly of polyfunctionalized boron-containing compounds. We demonstrated that this cascade reaction is highly efficient and compatible with various functional groups, and a wide range of heterocycles. In contrast to a classical Pd(0/II) scenario, mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations have provided strong evidence for a catalytic cycle involving Pd(I)/diboryl carbon radical intermediates.

Multimodal pain management and postoperative outcomes in inpatient and outpatient shoulder arthroplasties: a population-based study.

INTRODUCTION: Multimodal analgesia has been associated with reduced opioid utilization, opioid-related complications, and improved recovery in various orthopedic surgeries; however, large sample size data is lacking for shoulder surgery. METHODS: A retrospective review using the Premier Healthcare Database of patients who underwent inpatient or outpatient (reverse, total, partial) shoulder arthroplasty from 2010 to 2019. Opioid-only analgesia was compared with multimodal analgesia, categorized into 1, 2, or >2 additional analgesic modes, with/without a nerve block. Multivariable regression models measured associations between multimodal analgesia and opioid charges (in oral morphine equivalents (OME)), cost and length of stay, and opioid-related adverse effects (approximated by naloxone use). We report % change and 95% CIs. RESULTS: Among 176 225 procedures, 169 679 (75.7% multimodal analgesia use) and 6546 (37.8% multimodal analgesia use) were inpatient and outpatient shoulder arthroplasties, respectively. Among inpatients, multimodal analgesia (>2 modes) without a nerve block (vs opioid-only analgesia) was associated with adjusted reductions in OMEs on postoperative day 1: -19.4% (95% CI -21.2% to -17.6%/representing unadjusted median OME reductions from 45 to 30 mg). For total hospitalization, this was -6.0% (95% CI -7.2% to -4.9%/representing unadjusted median OME reductions from 173 to 135 mg). Conversely, for outpatients, this was +13.7% change in OMEs (95% CI +4.4% to +23.0%/representing unadjusted median OME increases from 110 to 131 mg). In both settings, addition of a nerve block to multimodal analgesia attenuated effects in terms of opioid charges. CONCLUSIONS: Multimodal analgesia is associated with reductions in opioid charges-specifically inpatient setting-but not various other outcomes.

Three-in-One Strategy Enables Single-Component Organic Solar Cells with Record Efficiency and High Stability.

Single-component organic solar cells (SCOSCs) with covalently bonding donor and acceptor are becoming increasingly attractive because of their superior stability over traditional multicomponent blend organic solar cells (OSCs). Nevertheless, the efficiency of SCOSCs is far behind the state-of-the-art multicomponent OSCs. Herein, by combination of the advantages of three-component and single-component devices, this work reports an innovative three-in-one strategy to boost the performance of SCOSCs. In this three-in-one strategy, three independent components (PM6, D18, and PYIT) are covalently linked together to create a new single-component active layer based on ternary conjugated block copolymer (TCBC) PM6-D18-b-PYIT by a facile polymerization. Precisely manipulating the component ratios in the polymer chains of PM6-D18-b-PYIT is able to broaden light utilization, promote charge dynamics, optimize, and stabilize film morphology, contributing to the simultaneously enhanced efficiency and stability of the SCOSCs. Ultimately, the PM6-D18-b-PYIT-based device exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.89%, which is the highest efficiency of the reported SCOSCs. Thanks to the aggregation restriction of each component and chain entanglement in the three-in-one system, the PM6-D18-b-PYIT-based SCOSC displays significantly higher stability than the corresponding two-component (PM6-D18:PYIT) and three-component (PM6:D18:PYIT). These results demonstrate that the three-in-one strategy is facile and promising for developing SCOSCs with superior efficiency and stability.

Unveiling the role of iPLA2ß in neurodegeneration: From molecular mechanisms to advanced therapies.

Calcium-independent phospholipase A2ß (iPLA2ß), a member of the phospholipase A2 (PLA2s) superfamily, is encoded by the PLA2G6 gene. Mutations in the PLA2G6 gene have been identified as the primary cause of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) and, less commonly, as a contributor to Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent studies have revealed that iPLA2ß deficiency leads to neuroinflammation, iron accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid dysregulation, and other pathological changes, forming a complex pathogenic network. These discoveries shed light on potential mechanisms underlying PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) and offer valuable insights for therapeutic development. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the fundamental characteristics of iPLA2ß, its association with neurodegeneration, the pathogenic mechanisms involved in PLAN, and potential targets for therapeutic intervention. It offers an overview of the latest advancements in this field, aiming to contribute to ongoing research endeavors and facilitate the development of effective therapies for PLAN.