Changes in the recent three decades and survey on the current status of surgical treatment for esophageal cancer in China.

BACKGROUND: To review the changes and survey on status quo of the surgical treatment for esophageal cancer in China. The differences in diagnosis and treatment for esophageal cancer among hospitals in different regions across China were also investigated. METHODS: We sent questionnaires to 46 hospitals across China, investigating the volume of esophageal cancer surgeries, surgical procedures, and perioperative management under the guidance of esophageal surgery chiefs. RESULTS: A total of 46 questionnaires were sent out and collected. The survey results showed that in the past 5 years, the volume of surgeries for esophageal cancer remained stable by 23.9% of those hospitals, increased by 30.4%, and decreased by 45.7%. Of those patients treated by surgery, 19.1% were in the early stages, and 80.9% were in locally advanced stages. In terms of surgical procedures, 73.4% of the patients were treated by minimally invasive surgery and 85.7% of esophageal substitutes were a gastric conduit, 93.1% of the substitutes were pulled to the neck through the esophageal bed. For the lymph node dissection, 78.5% of the patients had a complete two-field lymph node dissection including the para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph nodes. Of the patients with neoadjuvant therapy, 53.5% received chemotherapy or chemotherapy plus immunotherapy (47.0%), and 43.5% had chemoradiation. CONCLUSIONS: Currently, in China, minimally invasive surgery-oriented multimodality treatment, including complete two-field lymph node dissection, has become the standard approach for esophageal cancer management. Over the past decade, this standardized approach has significantly improved prognosis compared to previous decades.

Efficacy of astragalus combined with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers in the treatment of stage III diabetic nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and safety of Astragalus combined with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers in treating stage III diabetic nephropathy (DN) by meta-analysis. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wiley, and Web of Science databases were searched for articles published between August 2007 and August 2022. Clinical studies on Astragalus combined with RAAS blockers for the treatment of stage III DN were included. Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.1 and Stata 14.3 software. RESULTS: A total of 32 papers were included in this meta-analysis, containing 2462 patients from randomized controlled trials, with 1244 receiving the combination treatment and 1218 solely receiving RAAS blockers. Astragalus combined with RAAS blockers yielded a significantly higher total effective rate (TER) (mean difference [MD] 3.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.59-5.09) and significantly reduced urinary protein excretion rate (UPER), serum creatinine (Scr), blood urine nitrogen (BUN) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) levels. In subgroup analysis, combining astragalus and angiotensin receptor blocker significantly lowered fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 24 h urinary protein (24hUTP) levels, compared with the combined astragalus and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment. Meanwhile, the latter significantly decreased the urinary microprotein (ß2-MG). Importantly, the sensitivity analysis confirmed the study's stability, and publication bias was not detected for UPER, BUN, HbAlc, FPG, or ß2-MG. However, the TER, SCr, and 24hUTP results suggested possible publication bias. CONCLUSIONS: The astragalus-RAAS blocker combination treatment is safe and improves outcomes; however, rigorous randomized, large-scale, multi-center, double-blind trials are needed to evaluate its efficacy and safety in stage III DN.

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors are commonly used to treat diabetic neuropathy (DN) and Astragalus membranaceus components are known to improve DN symptoms.We aimed to establish the efficacy and safety of using Astragalus combined with RAAS inhibitors.Astragalus combined with RAAS inhibitors enhances the total effective rate of diabetic neuropathy response to treatment and reduces urinary protein excretion rate, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and HbAlc.Sensitivity analysis affirms study stability, while publication bias was detected for total effective rate, serum creatinine, and 24 h urinary protein levels.

A global survey on the use of the international classification of diseases codes for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.

BACKGROUND: With the implementation of the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and the publication of the metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) nomenclature in 2020, it is important to establish consensus for the coding of MAFLD in ICD-11. This will inform subsequent revisions of ICD-11. METHODS: Using the Qualtrics XM and WJX platforms, questionnaires were sent online to MAFLD-ICD-11 coding collaborators, authors of papers, and relevant association members. RESULTS: A total of 890 international experts in various fields from 61 countries responded to the survey. We also achieved full coverage of provincial-level administrative regions in China. 77.1% of respondents agreed that MAFLD should be represented in ICD-11 by updating NAFLD, with no significant regional differences (77.3% in Asia and 76.6% in non-Asia, p = 0.819). Over 80% of respondents agreed or somewhat agreed with the need to assign specific codes for progressive stages of MAFLD (i.e. steatohepatitis) (92.2%), MAFLD combined with comorbidities (84.1%), or MAFLD subtypes (i.e., lean, overweight/obese, and diabetic) (86.1%). CONCLUSIONS: This global survey by a collaborative panel of clinical, coding, health management and policy experts, indicates agreement that MAFLD should be coded in ICD-11. The data serves as a foundation for corresponding adjustments in the ICD-11 revision.

Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis unveils THEMIS2 as a carcinogenic indicator related to immune infiltration and prognosis of thyroid cancer.

The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers associated with the initiation and prognosis of thyroid cancer and elucidate the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. We obtained expression profiles and clinical information from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-THCA and three datasets (GSE53157, GSE82208, and GSE76039). The three microarray datasets were combined using Perl and the sva package in R and termed 'merged dataset'. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified 15 gene co-expression modules in the merged dataset and 235 hub genes. Venn diagram analysis revealed 232 overlapping genes between the merged and THCA datasets. Overlapping genes were subjected to gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression identified THEMIS2 as a candidate hub gene. Cox, Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) confirmed the correlation of THEMIS2 with overall survival, its enrichment in immunologic processes, and its association with the p53 and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. Its expression was positively correlated with those of immune checkpoints and the infiltration level of immune cells. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis confirmed that THEMIS2, a diagnostic biomarker, could distinguish between tumor and normal specimens. The nomogram (ROC or DCA) model containing THEMIS2, age, and stage predicted favourable prognoses. Thus, THEMIS2 was a biomarker of immune infiltration and prognosis in thyroid cancer.

Survival benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with residual pathologic disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Although preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) or chemoradiation is the current standard of care for esophageal cancer in China, the impact of subsequent adjuvant therapy on patient prognosis remains unknown. This study aims to analyze the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) on the survival rates of patients who have achieved a non-pathological complete response (non-pCR) after NACT and subsequent surgery. METHODS: We reviewed the data of 2193 patients with locally advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who underwent radical surgery between January 2006 and January 2016. Of these patients, 46 received NACT and ACT, while 109 received NACT only. Propensity score matching was used to compare 86 patients, with 43 patients in the NACT + ACT group and 43 patients in the NACT group. Univariate analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test, while Cox regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis revealed that pathological lymph node status (positive vs negative) (P < .001) and treatment modalities (NACT + ACT vs NACT) (P = .005) were independent prognostic factors. There was a significant difference in long-term survival rates between the NACT + ACT and NACT groups, with 5-year survival rates of 55.8% vs 39.5%, respectively (χ2 = 4.270, P = .039). In patients with ypN+ status, the 5-year survival rate was 31.8% for those who received ACT after NACT and surgery, compared to 10.0% for those who did not receive additional ACT (χ2 = 6.101, P = .014). The corresponding percentages in patients with ypN- were 81.0% and 65.2%, respectively (χ2 = 1.993, P = .158). CONCLUSION: Adjuvant chemotherapy should be recommended for locally advanced ESCC patients with residual cancer after NACT and surgery, especially for patients with nodal metastases after NACT.

Piezoelectric manipulation of spin-orbit coupling in a Wurtzite heterostructure.

The combination of piezoelectricity and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effect makes wurtzite semiconductors attractive for the development of exotic spin-related physics as well as spintronic applications. Triggering piezoelectricity, particularly by an external stimulus, provides a new perspective for manipulating SOC, but until now, a comprehensive understanding of this mechanism is lacking. Herein, by means of self-consistent calculations and Löwdin perturbation approach, we have explored the manipulation of SOC in the wurtzite (Al, Ga)N/GaN heterostructure by external stress-induced piezoelectric polarization. The results suggest that the Rashba SOC depends weakly on stress due to the wide-gap feature of the wurtzite crystal that makes Rashba SOC predominant by a bulk term instead of the structural inversion term. The piezoelectric polarization diminishes and even turns off Dresselhaus coupling by reducing the interfacial electric field. Moreover, piezoelectricity is shown to improve the poorly gate-tunable SOC. In the heterostructure with two occupied subbands, the Dresselhaus coupling of the second subband is more sensitive than the first one in response to stress. As an extension, we further demonstrate that the correlation effect in the wurtzite heterostructure can be significantly enhanced by piezoelectric polarization. This study offers an in-depth insight into piezoelectric modulation of spin-orbit physics, which has the potential for stimulating new quantum correlation states or designing functional spintronic devices.

Interaction-driven Chern insulating phases in the α-T3 lattice with Rashba spin-orbit coupling.

The magnetic interaction is a necessary ingredient to break the time-reversal symmetry in realizing quantum anomalous Hall, or Chern insulating phases. Here, we study topological phases in the α-T3 model, a minimal theoretical model supporting the flat band, taking account of Rashba spin-orbit coupling and flat-band-induced spontaneous ferromagnetism. By analyzing the interaction-driven phase diagrams, band structures, topological edge states, and topological invariants, we demonstrate that this system offers a platform for realizing a wide range of phases, including normal insulators, semimetals, and Chern insulators. Uniquely, there exist both high-Chern-number insulators and valley-polarized Chern insulators. In the latter phase, edge channels exist in the single valley, leading to nearly 100% valley polarization. These findings demonstrate the potential of interaction-driven systems in realizing exotic phases and their promising role in future applications in topology electronics and valleytronics.

The contribution of lysophosphatidic acid receptors in the response of human lower esophageal sphincter under the electrical field stimulation.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to identify the impact on the reaction while the clasp and sling fibers of the human lower esophageal sphincter are under the electrical field stimulation, by adding lysophosphatidic acid receptor subtypes antagonist. METHODS: Between March 2018 to December 2018, muscle strips were isolated from 28 patients who underwent esophagectomy for mid-third esophageal carcinomas. Muscle tension measurement technique in vitro and electrical field stimulation were used to examine the effects of selective lysophosphatidic acid receptor antagonist on the clasp and sling fibers of human lower esophageal sphincter. RESULTS: The optimal frequency of frequency-dependent relaxation in clasp fibers and contraction in sling fibers induced by electrical field stimulation is 64 Hz and 128 Hz respectively. The selective lysophosphatidic acid 1 and 3 receptor antagonist produced no significant difference in the frequency-dependent relaxation in clasp fibers and contraction in sling fibers induced by the electrical field stimulation (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The electrical field stimulation induced a frequency-dependent relaxation in clasp fibers and contraction in sling fibers. The lysophosphatidic acid 1 and 3 receptors are not involved in the response of clasp and sling fibers of the human lower esophageal sphincter induced by the electrical field stimulation.

High Dielectric Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-Based Polymer Enables Uniform Lithium-Ion Transport in Solid-State Ionogel Electrolytes.

Ionic liquids (ILs)-incorporated solid-state polymer electrolytes (iono-SPEs) have high ionic conductivities but show non-uniform Li+ transport in different phases. This work greatly promotes Li+ transport in polymer phases by employing a poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE), PTC] as the framework of ILs to prepare iono-SPEs. Unlike PVDF, PTC with suitable polarity shows weaker adsorption energy on IL cations, reducing their possibility of occupying Li+ -hopping sites. The significantly higher dielectric constant of PTC than PVDF facilitates the dissociation of Li-anions clusters. These two factors motivate Li+ transport along PTC chains, narrowing the difference in Li+ transport among varied phases. The LiFePO4 /PTC iono-SPE/Li cells cycle steadily with capacity retention of 91.5 % after 1000 cycles at 1 C and 25 °C. This work paves a new way to induce uniform Li+ flux in iono-SPEs through polarity and dielectric design of polymer matrix.

Adjuvant EGFR-TKI therapy in resected EGFR-mutation positive non-small cell lung cancer: A real-world study.

Background: Although several clinical studies have laid the foundation for the adjuvant application of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), some questions remain unresolved. This real-world study aimed to address questions such as the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy prior to adjuvant EGFR-TKI therapy on survival outcomes, and the duration of adjuvant EGFR-TKI therapy, etc. Methods: Between October 2005 and October 2020, 227 consecutive patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent complete pulmonary resections were included in this retrospective study. Patients received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy followed by EGFR-TKI or adjuvant EGFR-TKI monotherapy. The disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. Results: Of the total 227 patients, 55 (24.2%) patients underwent 3-4 cycles of chemotherapy prior to receiving adjuvant EGFR-TKI therapy. The 5-year DFS rate was 67.8%, while the 5-year OS rate was 76.4%. The stages were significantly associated with both DFS (P<0.001) and OS (P<0.001), while no significant differences were observed in the DFS (P=0.093) and OS (P=0.399) between the adjuvant chemotherapy followed by EGFR-TKI and adjuvant EGFR-TKI monotherapy groups. A longer duration of EGFR-TKI therapy was associated with better DFS (P<0.001) and OS (P<0.001) benefit. Additionally, pTNM stage and duration of EGFR-TKI therapy were considered independent prognostic factors for long-term survival (All P<0.05). Conclusions: This study supports the use of EGFR-TKI as a postoperative adjuvant treatment for patients with stage II-IIIA EGFR-mutation positive NSCLC. Additionally, patients with stage I who had pathological risk factors were also suitable for receiving adjuvant EGFR-TKI therapy. Postoperative EGFR-TKI based, chemotherapy-free adjuvant regimen may be a potential therapeutic option for patients with EGFR-mutation positive NSCLC.

[Application Value of Plasma vWF and ADAMTS-13 in Evaluating Postoprative Vascular Endothelial Injury and Prognosis in Children with VSD].

OBJECTIVE: To dynamically observe the levels and activities of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and ADAMTS-13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13) in plasma of children with congenital ventricular septal defect (VSD) during perioperative period, and explore the value of plasma vWF antigen (vWF:Ag) and ADAMTS-13 activity (ADAMTS-13: AC) in evaluating vascular endothelial injury and prognosis in children with VSD. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 74 children with VSD who underwent surgical treatment in TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital from September 2018 to March 2019 were enrolled in the observation group. Among them, there were 28 cases of pure VSD, 32 cases of VSD combined with pulmonary hypertension, and 14 cases of VSD combined with valvular heart disease. 31 healthy children who underwent physical examination in Tianjin Children's Hospital during the same period were collected as the control group. The biochemical indexes of the children at admission were recorded. Peripheral plasma was collected at admission, postsurgery day 0 and day 1, respectively, and the levels of vWF activity (vWF:AC), vWF:Ag, ADAMTS-13 antigen (ADAMTS-13:Ag) and ADAMTS-13:AC were detected. RESULTS: The level of plasma vWF:Ag and vWF:AC in the observation group before surgery were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.001), and increased continuously, on postsurgery day 0 and day 1 (P<0.001). The level of ADAMTS-13:Ag in the observation group before surgery was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.001), which decreased significantly on postsurgery day 0 (P<0.001), and increased significantly on postsurgery day 1 compared with postsurgery day 0 (P=0.033). The level of ADAMTS-13:AC in the observation group before surgery was significantly lower than that in the control group (P=0.015), which decreased significantly on postsurgery day 0 (P=0.037), and increased on postsurgery day 1, but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.051). The changes of vWF and ADAMTS-13 in the three subgroups were basically similar to the observation group. vWF: Ag/ADAMTS-13: AC ratio on postsurgery day 0 and day 1 had high diagnostic value in vascular endothelial injury (AUC=0.80, P<0.001; AUC=0.93, P<0.001). Preoperative vWF and ADAMTS-13 levels, and related baseline indicators were not correlated with postoperative infection, bleeding, thrombosis,etc. CONCLUSION: Preoperative vWF: Ag, vWF: AC and ADAMTS-13: AC levels in children with VSD are low, while the level of ADAMTS-13: Ag is high. After surgery, the levels of vWF: Ag and vWF: AC are increased and the level of ADAMTS-13: Ag is decreased. The postoperative vWF: Ag/ADAMTS-13: AC ratio shows high diagnostic value in evaluating vascular endothelial injury. There is no correlation between preoperative vWF and ADAMTS-13 levels with perioperative clinical events.

The first case of Escherichia fergusonii with biofilm in China and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Escherichia fergusonii is a rare opportunistic pathogen in humans and animals, especially with biofilm. METHODS: In one case, E. fergusonii with biofilm was detected in the bile, and silver staining was used to prove it had biofilm. The clinical characteristics and drug susceptibility of eight cases of E. fergusonii retrieved from the literature were also summarized. RESULTS: This is a case of E. fergusonii with biofilm, which has not been reported in China. The 8 cases retrieved from the literature did not specify whether they had biofilm, but we analyzed their clinical characteristics and drug susceptibility. All patients were treated with antimicrobial drugs. 8 cases showed sensitivity to piperacillin/tazobactam and imipenem in 6 cases (75%), but poor sensitivity to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSION: The silver staining method proved biofilm in this case, which is the first case of E. fergusonii with biofilm in China.

Clinical and Genomic Analysis of Patients with Short Survival after Surgery for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the prognosis of Chinese patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after surgery and its correlation with genomic alterations (GAs) to identify potential prognostic markers. METHODS: The clinical information, pathological specimens, and follow-up information of 50 patients with stage II and III primary ESCC who were surgically resected in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2011 to December 2015 were collected in the present study. Based on overall survival (OS), these patients were divided into the short OS group (<3 years) and the long OS group (>4 years). GA detection was performed in patients with ESCC using next-generation sequencing. All categories of GAs were evaluated; the landscape of GAs in patients with ESCC was mapped; and the correlations between clinical characteristics, prognosis, and GAs were analyzed. RESULTS: There was no skew in the distribution of gender, smoking, and adjuvant therapy between the long OS group and the short OS group. A total of 372 GAs were detected in the 50 patients with ESCC, with 7 types of GAs, including insertions, deletions, and copy number variations, and missense mutations occurred most frequently, with a frequency of >50.0%. Tumor protein 53 (TP53; 50/50, 100%) was the most commonly mutated gene in the entire cohort followed by cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), and fibroblast growth factor 19. More CDKN2A loss (p = 0.098) was detected in the short OS group than in the long OS group. The results of the multivariate analysis after adjustment for clinical factors showed a statistically significant difference in the CDKN2A loss between the two groups. Data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas for surgical ESCC revealed that the CDKN2A loss may be responsible for the poorer prognosis in postoperative patients with ESCC. CONCLUSION: In patients with progressive primary ESCC, the poor postoperative prognosis may be epiphenomenally associated with the CDKN2A loss.

Screening and identification of tyrosinase inhibitors in edible plant materials by on-line UPLC-enzyme reactor coupled with UHPLC-FTMS.

Tyrosinase plays a primary role in melanin biosynthesis and enzymatic browning of freshly cut fruits and vegetables. Herein, an on-line ultraperformance liquid chromatography diode array detector biochemical detection (UPLC-DAD-BCD) method was established to identify trace amount potent tyrosinase inhibitors and antibrowning agents in complex mixtures. The tyrosinase inhibition activities of some representative compounds were evaluated by using the established method and their chromatography-activity relationships were obtained. Then the proposed UPLC-DAD-BCD method was applied to screen tyrosinase inhibitors in edible herbal extracts and identified two tyrosinase inhibitors in green tea and three in cinnamon. The above active ingredients were determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography linear ion trap/orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-FTMS). The on-line UPLC-DAD-BCD in combination with UHPLC-FTMS was confirmed to be a powerful technique to screen and elucidate the active ingredients in complex matrixes and could be applied to evaluate the integrated effects of multiple ingredients against corresponding targets.

Comparison of neoadjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A propensity score matching.

Objectives: Clinical studies on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) have been carried out for the resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). So far, few studies have compared the survival outcomes of nCT plus ICIs and nCT alone. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant ICIs combined with nCT versus nCT followed by esophagectomy for patients with resectable locally advanced ESCC. Methods: A retrospective analysis of ESCC patients underwent nCT or nCT combined with ICIs followed by esophagectomy (from March 2013 to April 2021) was performed. A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) with a caliper 0.01 was conducted to balance potential bias. Results: A total of 47 comparable pairs of ESCC patients receiving nCT and nCT combined with ICIs were selected for the final analysis. The tumor regression grade (TRG) 0 and pathologic complete response (pCR) rates in the nCT+ICIs group were significantly higher than those of the nCT group (21.7% vs. 4.5%, P=0.016; and 17.0% vs. 2.1%, P=0.035, respectively). The rate of nerve invasion was 4.3% in the nCT+ICIs group, significantly lower than 23.4% of the nCT group (P=0.007). The incidences of adverse events in the nCT+ICIs group were similar compared with the nCT group and there was no grade 5 toxicity in either group. The 1-, 2-year disease-free survival rates (DFS) were 95.7%, 80.7% and 76.1%, 63.8% in the two groups (P=0.001, and P=0.046, respectively). The 1-year OS was improved in the nCT+ICIs group, which was close to a statistical difference (95.7% vs. 84.8%, P=0.074). Local recurrence rate in the nCT+ICIs group was 6.4%, significantly lower than 21.3% of the nCT group (P=0.036), while there was no significant difference in the distant metastasis. Conclusions: Compared with nCT alone, neoadjuvant immunotherapy plus nCT for patients with locally advanced ESCC has an advantage in pathological response, and could improve DFS with a good safety and feasibility, while long term survival validation is still needed further.

Effects of lysophosphatidic acid on sling and clasp fibers of the human lower esophageal sphincter.

Background: This study aims to explore the role of lysophosphatidic acid receptors in the regulation mechanisms of contraction and relaxation of human lower esophageal sphincter. Methods: Between July 2015 and March 2016, muscle strips were collected from a total of 30 patients (19 males, 11 females; mean age: 62±9.9 years; range, 52 to 68 years) who underwent an esophagectomy for mid-third esophageal carcinomas. The specimens were maintained in oxygenated Krebs solution. Muscle tension measurement technique in vitro was used to examine the effects of non-selective lysophosphatidic acid receptors agonists and antagonists, as well as selective lysophosphatidic acid receptors agonists on the clasp and sling fibers of human lower esophageal sphincter. Results: The non-selective dopamine receptor agonist lysophosphatidic acid induced the contraction of the clasp and sling fibers of the human lower esophageal sphincter. The response induced by nonselective lysophosphatidic acid receptor agonist was inhibited completely by non-selective lysophosphatidic acid receptor antagonist. The selective lysophosphatidic acid 1 and 2 receptor agonist and the selective lysophosphatidic acid 3 receptor agonist induced a concentration-dependent contractile response of the clasp and sling fibers of the human lower esophageal sphincter. There was no significant difference in contraction rates between the clasp and sling fibers (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study indicates that lysophosphatidic acid regulates the lower esophageal sphincter is through its receptor; the lysophosphatidic acid receptors may be involved in the contractile response of the human lower esophageal sphincter.

Efficacy and safety of esophagectomy via left thoracic approach versus via right thoracic approach for middle and lower thoracic esophageal cancer: a multicenter randomized clinical trial (NST1501).

Background: Left thoracic approach (LTA) has been a favorable selection in surgical treatment for esophageal cancer (EC) patients in China before minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) is popular. This study aimed to demonstrate whether right thoracic approach (RTA) is superior to LTA in the surgical treatment of middle and lower thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TESCC). Methods: Superiority clinical trial design was used for this multicenter randomized controlled two-parallel group study. Between April 2015 and December 2018, cT1b-3N0-1M0 TESCC patients from 14 centers were recruited and randomized by a central stratified block randomization program into LTA or RTA groups. All enrolled patients were followed up every three months after surgery. The software SPSS 20.0 and R 3.6.2. were used for statistical analysis. Efficacy and safety outcomes, 3-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were calculated and compared using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Results: A total of 861 patients without suspected upper mediastinal lymph nodes (umLN) were finally enrolled in the study after 95 ineligible patients were excluded. 833 cases (98.7%) were successfully followed up until June 1, 2020. Esophagectomies were performed via LTA in 453 cases, and via RTA in 408 cases. Compared with the LTA group, the RTA group required longer operating time (274.48±78.92 vs. 205.34±51.47 min, P<0.001); had more complications (33.8% vs. 26.3% P=0.016); harvested more lymph nodes (LNs) (23.61±10.09 vs. 21.92±10.26, P=0.015); achieved a significantly improved OS in stage IIIa patients (67.8% vs. 51.8%, P=0.022). The 3-year OS and DFS were 68.7% and 64.3% in LTA arm versus 71.3% and 63.7% in RTA arm (P=0.20; P=0.96). Conclusions: Esophagectomies via both LTA and RTA can achieve similar outcomes in middle or lower TESCC patients without suspected umLN. RTA is superior to LTA and recommended for the surgical treatment of more advanced stage TESCC due to more complete lymphadenectomy. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02448979.

[Effects of Mulching and Slow-release Fertilizer Application Reduction on Soil Microbial Community Structure in Rapeseed Field Under Two Different Rainfall Conditions].

In order to investigate the effects of furrow and ridge rainwater harvesting, straw mulching, and reduced and slow-release fertilizer on soil microbial community structure of rapeseed, a two-year field study was conducted in rainy (2016-2017) and drought (2017-2018) seasons, which included three cultivation patterns:1 conventional flat planting, 2 straw mulching, and 3 ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting system and four fertilization patterns:1 conventional fertilization (100% of the amount), 2 reduced slow-release fertilizer Ⅰ (80% of the amount), 3 reduced slow-release fertilizer Ⅱ (60% of the amount), and 4 no fertilizer. The results indicated that it was rainy in 2016-2017, with seasonal drought during the nutritional growth stage in 2017-2018. The two technologies (straw mulching+80% slow-release fertilizer, J80 and ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting system+80% slow-release fertilizer, M80) were beneficial to boost the soil microbial activity. J80 and M80 increased the microbial biomass carbon by 9.94% and 10.32% and microbial biomass nitrogen by 2.38% and 1.19%, respectively, compared with that of the local cultivation pattern under two different climate conditions. The total amount of microbial phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) decreased by 30.75% in the rainy year compared with that in the drought year, and mulching technology could effectively increase the total amount of soil PLFA. The PLFA contents of soil bacteria and fungi in the rainy year were 33.67% and 53.21%, respectively, lower than those in the drought year. However, the PLFA content of actinomycetes increased by 13.04%. Microbial communities were sensitive to abnormal precipitation. The bacteria/fungi ratio increased in rainy weather. The drought climate heighted the ratio of straight chain saturated fatty acid/straight chain monounsaturated fatty acid and straight chain monounsaturated fatty acid/cyclopropane acid. In conclusion, adopting the optimal cultivation technologies can stabilize the soil microenvironment under abnormal precipitation, relieve water and nutrient stress, and provide an effective means for rapeseed sustainable development.

PEG-rhG-CSF for prophylaxis of neutropenia after chemotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A multicenter, prospective, randomized study.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) in preventing neutropenia during multiple cycles of chemotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHOD: In a multicenter, prospective, randomized trial, patients with NSCLC were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to treatment group (PEG-rhG-CSF as primary prophylactic therapy) or control group. Patients in the control group were administered rhG-CSF when white blood cell count was <2.0 × 109 /L or absolute neutrophil count <1.0 × 109 /L. The primary endpoint was the incidence of grade 3/4 neutropenia. Secondary endpoints included the incidence and duration of grade 3/4 neutropenia in each cycle, the incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN), delay rate of chemotherapy, prolonged time of chemotherapy, and safety. RESULTS: Between January 2019 and July 2021, 130 patients were enrolled (treatment group: n = 87, control group: n = 43). The incidence of grade 3/4 neutropenia in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (1.15% vs. 11.63%, p < 0.05). The mean duration of grade 3/4 neutropenia for the treatment and control group was 2.00 and 3.75 days, respectively. There were no statistical differences in the incidence of FN, delay rate of chemotherapy, prolonged time of chemotherapy, and antibiotic use between the two groups (all p > 0.05). Adverse events were reported in 47.13% of patients in the treatment group and 48.84% patients in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Primary prophylactic treatment with PEG-rhG-CSF could reduce the incidence of neutropenia in patients with NSCLC during multiple cycles of chemotherapy, with acceptable safety and tolerability.

The involvement of a floral scent in plant-honeybee interaction.

Volatile odors from flowers play an important role in plant-pollinator interaction. The honeybee is an important generalist pollinator of many plants. Here, we explored whether any components of the odors of a range of honeybee-pollinated plants are commonly involved in the interaction between plants and honeybees. We used a needle trap system to collect floral odors, and GC-MS analysis revealed nonanal was the only component scent detected in 12 different honeybee-pollinated flowers and not present in anemophilous plant species. For Ligustrum compactum, blooming flowers released significantly more nonanal than buds and faded flowers. For Sapium sebiferum, nonanal release through the day correlated with nectar secretion. Experimentally increasing nectar load in flowers of Sapium sebiferum, Ligustrum compactum, and Castanea henryi increased nonanal levels also. Nonanal was also detected in flower nectar and honeys from experimental colonies. Electroantennogram recordings and behavioral observations showed that untrained honeybees could detect and were strongly attracted to nonanal. We argue that nonanal persists in both honey and nectar odors facilitating a learned association between nonanal and food reward in honeybees.