Cardiometabolic multimorbidity, peripheral biomarkers, and dementia in rural older adults: The MIND-China study.

INTRODUCTION: Evidence has emerged that cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) is associated with dementia, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. METHODS: This population-based study included 5704 older adults. Of these, data were available in 1439 persons for plasma amyloid-ß (Aß), total tau, and neurofilament light chain (NfL) and in 1809 persons for serum cytokines. We defined CMM following two common definitions used in previous studies. Data were analyzed using general linear, logistic, and mediation models. RESULTS: The presence of CMM was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) (p < 0.05). CMM was significantly associated with increased plasma Aß40, Aß42, and NfL, whereas CMM that included visceral obesity was associated with increased serum cytokines. The mediation analysis suggested that plasma NfL significantly mediated the association of CMM with AD. DISCUSSION: CMM is associated with dementia, AD, and VaD in older adults. The neurodegenerative pathway is involved in the association of CMM with AD. HIGHLIGHTS: The presence of CMM was associated with increased likelihoods of dementia, AD, and VaD in older adults. CMM was associated with increased AD-related plasma biomarkers and serum inflammatory cytokines. Neurodegenerative pathway was partly involved in the association of CMM with AD.

Development and validation of a diagnostic model for cerebral small vessel disease among rural older adults in China.

Objectives: Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) visible on MRI can be asymptomatic. We sought to develop and validate a model for detecting CSVD in rural older adults. Methods: This study included 1,192 participants in the MRI sub-study within the Multidomain Interventions to Delay Dementia and Disability in Rural China. Total sample was randomly divided into training set and validation set. MRI markers of CSVD were assessed following the international criteria, and total CSVD burden was assessed on a scale from 0 to 4. Logistic regression analyses were used to screen risk factors and develop the diagnostic model. A nomogram was used to visualize the model. Model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration plot, and decision curve analysis. Results: The model included age, high blood pressure, white blood cell count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and history of cerebral infarction. The AUC was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.67-0.76) in the training set and 0.69 (95% CI, 0.63-0.76) in the validation set. The model showed high coherence between predicted and observed probabilities in both the training and validation sets. The model had higher net benefits than the strategy assuming all participants either at high risk or low risk of CSVD for probability thresholds ranging 50-90% in the training set, and 65-98% in the validation set. Conclusion: A model that integrates routine clinical factors could detect CSVD in older adults, with good discrimination and calibration. The model has implication for clinical decision-making.

High Ductility and Excellent Thermoelectric Performance in Te-Stabilized Cubic Ag2TexS1-x Solid Solutions.

The stabilization at low temperatures of the Ag2S cubic phase could afford the design of high-performance thermoelectric materials with excellent mechanical behavior, enabling them to withstand prolonged vibrations and thermal stress. In this work, we show that the Ag2TexS1-x solid solutions, with Te content within the optimal range 0.20 ≤ x ≤ 0.30, maintain a stable cubic phase across a wide temperature range from 300 to 773 K, thus avoiding the detrimental phase transition from monoclinic to cubic phase observed in Ag2S. Notably, the Ag2TexS1-x (0.20 ≤ x ≤ 0.30) samples showed no fractures during bending tests and displayed superior ductility at room temperature compared to Ag2S, which fractured at a strain of 6.6%. Specifically, the Ag2Te0.20S0.80 sample demonstrated a bending average yield strength of 46.52 MPa at 673 K, significantly higher than that of Ag2S, whose bending average yield strength dropped from 80.15 MPa at 300 K to 12.66 MPa at 673 K. Furthermore, the thermoelectric performance of the Ag2TexS1-x (0.20 ≤ x ≤ 0.30) samples surpassed that of both InSe and pure Ag2S, with the Ag2Te0.30S0.70 sample achieving the highest ZT value of 0.59 at 723 K. These results indicate substantial potential for practical applications due to enhanced durability and thermoelectric performance.

Rational Design of Cu Vacancies and Antisite Defects for Boosting the Thermoelectric Properties of CuGaTe2-Based Compounds.

CuGaTe2-based compounds show great promise in the application for high-temperature thermoelectric power generation; however, its wide bandgap feature poses a great challenge for enhancing thermoelectric performance via structural defects modulation and doping the system. Herein, it is discovered that the presence of GaCu antisite defects in the CuGaTe2 compound promotes the formation of Cu vacancies, and vice versa, which tends to form the charge-neutral structure defects combination with one GaCu antisite defect and two Cu vacancies. The accumulation of Cu vacancies in the structure of the (Cu2Te)x(Ga2Te3)1-x compounds evolves into twins and stacking faults. This in conjunction with GaCu antisite defects intensify the point defects phonon scattering, yielding a dramatic reduction on lattice thermal conductivity from 6.95 W m-1 K-1 for the pristine CuGaTe2 sample to 2.98 W m-1 K-1 for the (Cu2Te)0.45(Ga2Te3)0.55 sample at room temperature. Furthermore, the high concentration of charge-neutral defects combination narrows the band gap and increases the carrier concentration, leading to an improved power factor of 1.58 mW/mK2 at 600 K for the (Cu2Te)0.49(Ga2Te3)0.51 sample, which is 41% higher than for the pristine CuGaTe2 sample. Consequently, the highest ZT value of 0.82 is achieved at 915 K for Cu0.015(Cu2Te)0.48(Ga2Te3)0.52, which represents an enhancement of about 22% over that of the pristine CuGaTe2 compound.

Females adopt sexual catalepsy to facilitate mating.

Theory predicts that males and females of dioecious species typically engage in an evolutionary sexual conflict over the frequency and choice of mating partner. Female sexual cannibalism, a particularly dramatic illustration of this conflict, is widespread in certain animal taxa including spiders. Nevertheless, females of some funnel weaving spiders that are generally aggressive to conspecifics enter a cataleptic state after male courtship, ensuring the males can mate without risk of attack. In this study, we demonstrated that the physical posture and duration, metabolites, and central neurotransmitters of females of Aterigena aculeata in sexual catalepsy closely resemble females in thanatosis but are distinct from those in anesthesia, indicating that the courted females feign death to eliminate the risk of potentially aggressive responses and thereby allow preferred males to mate. Unlike the taxonomically widespread thanatosis, which generally represents a deceptive visual signal that acts against the interest of the receivers, sexual catalepsy of females in the funnel weaving spiders may deliver a sexual-receptive signal to the courting males and thereby benefit both the signal senders and receivers. Therefore, sexual catalepsy in A. aculeata may not reflect a conflict but rather a confluence of interest between the sexes.

The lifestyle for brain health index, the cluster of differentiation 33 (CD33) gene, and cognitive function among rural Chinese older adults: A population-based study.

BACKGROUND: We sought to examine the associations of the Lifestyle for Brain Health (LIBRA) index with cognitive function among rural Chinese older adults and to explore the potential role of cluster of differentiation 33 gene (CD33) in the associations. METHODS: This population-based cross-sectional study included 4914 dementia-free participants (age ≥60 years; 56.43 % women) in the 2018 baseline examination of MIND-China. The LIBRA index was generated from 11 factors. We used a neuropsychological test battery to assess episodic memory, verbal fluency, attention, executive function, and global cognition. The CD33(rs3865444) polymorphism was detected using multiple-polymerase chain reaction amplification. Data were analyzed using the general linear regression models. RESULTS: A higher LIBRA index was associated with multivariable-adjusted ß-coefficient (95 %CI) of -0.011(-0.020- -0.001) for global cognitive z-score, -0.020(-0.033- -0.006) for episodic memory, and -0.016(-0.029- -0.004) for verbal fluency. The CD33(rs3865444) was associated with a lower global cognitive z-score in the additive (CA vs. CC: ß-coefficient=0.042; 95 %CI=0.008-0.077), the dominant (CA+AA vs. CC: 0.040; 0.007-0.073), and the over-dominant (CA vs. CC+AA: 0.043; 0.009-0.077) models. Similar results were obtained for verbal fluency and attention. The CD33 gene showed statistical interactions with LIBRA index on cognitive function (Pinteraction<0.05) such that a higher LIBRA index was significantly associated with lower z-scores of global cognition and attention only among CD33 CC carriers (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This population-based study reveals for the first time that a higher LIBRA index is associated with worse cognitive performance in rural Chinese older adults and that CD33 gene could modify the association.

Quantitative assessments of retinal macular structure among rural-dwelling older adults in China: a population-based, cross-sectional, optical coherence tomography study.

OBJECTIVES: To quantitatively assess and compare retinal macular structures of rural-dwelling older adults in China using two different optical coherence tomography (OCT) scanners and to examine their associations with demographic, lifestyle, clinical and ocular factors. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: This population-based, cross-sectional study included 971 participants (age ≥60 years) derived from the Multimodal Interventions to Delay Dementia and Disability in Rural China study. We collected data on demographics, lifestyle factors, clinical conditions (eg, cardiovascular disease (CVD)) and ocular factors (eg, visual acuity and spherical equivalent). We used two models of spectral-domain OCT to measure macular parameters in nine Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study subfields. Data were analysed using the multiple general linear models. RESULTS: Spectralis OCT demonstrated higher macular thickness but a lower macular volume than Primus 200 OCT (p<0.05). Nasal quadrant of the inner and outer subfields was the thickest, followed by superior quadrant. Adjusting for multiple potential confounding variables, older age was significantly correlated with lower average inner and outer macular thicknesses and overall macular volume. Men had higher macular parameters than women. The presence of CVD was correlated with lower central macular thickness (ß=-6.83; 95% CI: -13.08 to -0.58; p=0.032). Middle school or above was associated with higher average inner macular thickness (ß=7.85; 95% CI: 1.14 to 14.55; p=0.022) and higher spherical equivalent was correlated with lower average inner macular thickness (ß=-1.78; 95% CI: -3.50 to -0.07; p=0.042). CONCLUSIONS: Macular thickness and volume assessed by Spectralis and Primus 200 OCT scanners differ. Older age and female sex are associated with lower macular thickness and volume. Macular parameters are associated with education, CVD and spherical equivalent. TRIAL REGISTERATION NUMBER: MIND-China study (ChiCTR1800017758).

Notes on species of Talaus Simon, 1886 (Araneae, Thomisidae) from China, with descriptions of two new species.

Taxonomic notes on the Talaus species from China are provided. Two new species, T.yuyang Yao & Liu, sp. nov. and T.zhangjiangkou Yao & Liu, sp. nov. are described and illustrated, and a further three species are redescribed based on their genitalic characters: T.dulongjiang Tang, Yin, Ubick & Peng, 2008, T.niger Tang, Yin, Ubick & Peng, 2008, and T.sulcus Tang & Li, 2010. The species T.xiphosus Zhu & Ono, 2007 is considered a junior synonym of T.triangulifer Simon, 1886 based on an examination of many recently collected female and male specimens from Guangxi Province, China. Diagnoses, detailed illustrations and a map of distributional records of the six treated species of Talaus in China are provided.

Midget cave spiders (Araneae, Leptonetidae) from Jiangxi and Fujian Province, China.

Eleven leptonetid species belonging to four genera collected in Jiangxi and Fujian Provinces, China are presented. Ten new species of midget cave spiders from southern China are diagnosed, described, and illustrated: Leptoneteladawu Yao & Liu, sp. nov., L.yuanhaoi Yao & Liu, sp. nov. and L.zuojiashanensis Yao & Liu, sp. nov. from Jiangxi; Longileptonetaguadunensis Yao & Liu, sp. nov., L.huboliao Yao & Liu, sp. nov., L.jiaxiani Yao & Liu, sp. nov., L.letuensis Yao & Liu, sp. nov., L.renzhouensis Yao & Liu, sp. nov., L.tianmenensis Yao & Liu, sp. nov., and Pararanamingxuani Yao & Liu, sp. nov. from Fujian. Furthermore, Falcileptonetamonodactyla (Yin, Wang & Wang, 1984) is recorded from Jiangxi province for the first time. Distributions records are given for all investigated species.

Nature of Thermal Hysteresis of Thermoelectric Properties in Ag2TexS1-x Compounds.

Ag2TexS1-x usually undergo various phase structures upon heating or cooling processes; however, the correlation between the heat treatment, the phase structure, and the physical properties is still a controversy. Herein, three different phases are realized for Ag2TexS1-x (0.35 ≤ x ≤ 0.65) samples during the heat treatment, including the low-temperature crystalline phase, amorphous phase, and high-temperature cubic phase. The metastable amorphous phase is an intermediate phase formed during transition from the high-temperature cubic phase to the low-temperature crystalline phase upon cooling via a solid-state conversion rather than the conventional liquid quenching process. The relative content of these three phases is highly sensitive to the heat treatment process. This as-formed low-temperature crystalline phase, amorphous phase, and high-temperature cubic phase convert into the low-temperature crystalline phase and high-temperature cubic phase through long-time dwelling at the temperature below or above the transition temperature around 567 K, respectively. The status of the low-temperature crystalline phase, amorphous phase, and high-temperature cubic phase significantly affects the thermoelectric properties, resulting in the thermal hysteresis of thermoelectric properties. Below the phase transition temperature (TM), the electrical conductivity of the amorphous phase surpasses that of the low-temperature crystalline phase, which shows a growth of 112% for the Ag2Te0.60S0.40 sample annealed at 823 K in comparison with that of the sample annealed at 473 K. For Ag2Te0.50S0.50 samples annealed at 473 K, the maximum ZT value reaches 1.02 at 623 K during the initial test, while the maximum ZT value is improved to 1.34 at 523 K in the second-round test.

DGW1, encoding an hnRNP-like RNA binding protein, positively regulates grain size and weight by interacting with GW6 mRNA.

Grain size and weight determine rice yield. Although numerous genes and pathways involved in regulating grain size have been identified, our knowledge of post-transcriptional control of grain size remains elusive. In this study, we characterize a rice mutant, decreased grain width and weight 1 (dgw1), which produces small grains. We show that DGW1 encodes a member of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) family protein and preferentially expresses in developing panicles, positively regulating grain size by promoting cell expansion in spikelet hulls. Overexpression of DGW1 increases grain weight and grain numbers, leading to a significant rise in rice grain yield. We further demonstrate that DGW1 functions in grain size regulation by directly binding to the mRNA of Grain Width 6 (GW6), a critical grain size regulator in rice. Overexpression of GW6 restored the grain size phenotype of DGW1-knockout plants. DGW1 interacts with two oligouridylate binding proteins (OsUBP1a and OsUBP1b), which also bind the GW6 mRNA. In addition, the second RRM domain of DGW1 is indispensable for its mediated protein-RNA and protein-protein interactions. In summary, our findings identify a new regulatory module of DGW1-GW6 that regulates rice grain size and weight, providing important insights into the function of hnRNP-like proteins in the regulation of grain size.

Associations of Blood Absolute Neutrophil Count and Cytokines With Cognitive Function in Dementia-Free Participants: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: The relationships of neutrophils and cytokines with cognitive dysfunction are poorly defined. We aimed to investigate the association of peripheral blood absolute neutrophil count (ANC) with cognitive function in older adults and to further explore the mediating role of serum cytokines in this association. METHODS: This population-based cohort study included 1 666 dementia-free participants (age ≥60 years) derived from baseline examinations (March-September 2018) of the Multimodal Intervention to Delay Dementia and Disability in Rural China (MIND-China); of these, 1 087 participants completed follow-up examinations in October-December 2019. We used a neuropsychological test battery to assess episodic memory, verbal fluency, attention, and executive function at the baseline and follow-up examinations. We used Mindray BC-6800 automated hematology analyzer to measure ANC and Meso Scale Discovery to measure serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and eotaxin-3. RESULTS: The linear regression analysis of cross-sectional data at baseline (n = 1 666) suggested that increased ANC was significantly associated with a lower episodic memory z score (ß coefficient: -0.149, 95% CI: -0.274 to -0.023) and lower long-delayed free recall z score (-0.216, -0.361 to -0.070). Serum IL-6 and eotaxin-3 could mediate 16.16% to 20.21% and 7.55% to 9.35%, respectively, of these associations. The analysis of longitudinal data (n = 1 087) showed a J-shaped relationship of ANC with decline in episodic memory z score (p for nonlinear = .049), and a U-shaped relationship between ANC and decline in long-delayed free recall z score (p for nonlinear = .043). CONCLUSIONS: Increased neutrophils are associated with poor cognitive performance and accelerated decline in episodic memory, and the cross-sectional association is partly mediated by serum cytokines.

Plasma Amyloid-ß, Total Tau, and Neurofilament Light Chain Across the Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Spectrum: A Population-Based Study.

BACKGROUND: Plasma biomarkers have emerged as a promising approach for characterizing pathophysiology in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE: We aimed to characterize plasma biomarkers for AD and neurodegeneration across the AD clinical continuum, and to assess their ability to differentiate between AD, MCI, and normal cognition. METHODS: This population-based study engaged 1,446 rural-dwelling older adults (age ≥60 years, 61.0% women) derived from MIND-China; of these, 402 were defined with MCI and 142 with AD. Plasma amyloid-ß (Aß), total tau (t-tau), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) concentrations were analyzed using the Simoa platform. Data were analyzed using linear and logistic regression models, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS: Across the AD clinical spectrum, plasma Aß40 and NfL increased, whereas Aß42/Aß40 ratio decreased. Plasma t-tau was higher in people with AD dementia than those with MCI or normal cognition. Plasma NfL outperformed other biomarkers in differentiating AD from normal cognition (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.75), but all plasma biomarkers performed poorly to distinguish MCI from normal cognition (AUC <0.60). Plasma NfL in combination with age, sex, education, and APOE genotype yielded the AUC of 0.87 for differentiating between AD and normal cognition, 0.79 between AD and MCI, and 0.64 between MCI and normal cognition. CONCLUSIONS: In this Chinese population, AD plasma biomarkers vary by age, sex, and APOE genotype. Plasma Aß, t-tau, and NfL differ across the AD clinical spectrum, and plasma NfL appears to be superior to plasma Aß and t-tau for defining the clinical spectrum.

Analysis of left-turn behaviors of non-motorized vehicles and vehicle-bicycle conflicts.

In order to further study the expansion characteristics of left-turning non-motorized vehicles at intersections and the relationship between expansion characteristics and vehicle-bicycle conflicts, the trajectory point data of left-turning non-motorized vehicles are extracted using video trajectory tracking technology, and construct the cubic curve expansion envelope equation with the highest fitting degree. For the purpose of quantifying the expansion degree of non-motor vehicles after starting, two intersections in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were selected for case analysis, and the numerical range of expansion degree of the intersection with a left-turn waiting area and the intersection without a left-turn waiting area was obtained. Study the mathematical relationship between the expansion degree and its influencing factors, and establish the multivariate nonlinear regression equation between the expansion degree and the left-turn non-motorized vehicle flow, the number of parallel non-motorized vehicles, and the left-turn green light time. Analyze the vehicle-bicycle conflicts caused by the expansion of left-turning non-motorized vehicles, determine the essential factors affecting the number of non-motorized vehicles, and establish the multiple linear regression equation between the number of non-motorized vehicles and the number of left-turning non-motorized vehicles, the expansion degree, and the number of parallel non-motorized vehicles, the results show that the model has high accuracy. By analyzing the expansion characteristics of left-turning non-motorized vehicles at intersections, the relationship between different influencing factors and the expansion degree is obtained. Then the vehicle-bicycle conflicts under the influence of expansion characteristics is analyzed, providing theoretical ideas for improving traffic efficiency and optimizing traffic organization at intersections.

Sector-Based Regression Strategies to Reduce Refractive Error-Associated Glaucoma Diagnostic Bias When Using OCT and OCT Angiography.

Purpose: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the sectoral variance of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) glaucoma diagnostic parameters across eyes with varying degrees of refractive error. Methods: Healthy participants, including individuals with axial ametropia, enrolled in the Hong Kong FAMILY cohort were imaged using the Avanti/AngioVue OCT/OCTA system. The OCT and OCTA parameters obtained include peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness (NFLT), peripapillary nerve fiber layer plexus capillary density (NFLP-CD), and macular ganglion cell complex thickness (GCCT). Sectoral measurements of NFLT, NFLP-CD, and GCCT were based on sectors and hemispheres. Results: A total of 1339 eyes from 791 participants were stratified based on spherical equivalent refraction: high myopia (<-6 D), low myopia (-6 D to -1 D), emmetropia (-1 D to 1 D), and hyperopia (>1 D). Multivariable broken stick regression models, accounting for age, sex, and signal strength, showed that all NFLT sectors except temporally, the inferior GCCT hemisphere, and half of the NFLP-CD sectors were more affected by ametropia-related covariates than the corresponding global parameters. As expected, the false-positive rates in those sectors were elevated. Finally, sector-specific axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent (SE) adjustments helped reduce the elevated false-positive rates. Conclusions: The effect of optical magnification is even more prominent among sectors than the global parameters. AL- and SE-based adjustments should be individualized to each sector to mitigate this magnification bias effectively. Translational Relevance: Identifying sectoral differences among diagnostic parameters and adopting these sector-based adjustments into commercial OCT systems will hopefully reduce false-positive rates related to refractive error.

Notes on two species of Massuria Thorell, 1887 (Arachnida, Araneae, Thomisidae) from China with description of a new species.

Two species assigned to Massuria Thorell, 1887 are reviewed. The female of Massuriabandian Tang & Li, 2010 is described for the first time from Jianfengling National Natural Reserve, Hainan Province, China. The species Diaeasimplex Xu, Han & Li, 2008 is described as a synonym of Massuriabellula Xu, Han & Li, 2008 based on female and male specimens from Guangdong Province, China. Massuriaminsp. nov. described as a new species (female, Fujian Province, China). Detailed illustrations and a distribution map are provided for these three species of Massuria.

Parental Pressure on Child Body Image, BMI, Body Image Dissatisfaction Associated with Eating Disorders in School-Age Children in China: A Path Analysis.

Background: Children's eating behaviors, body shape and body image cognition may be more susceptible to the influence of their parents, but these influences may be weakened with age. There may be different association pathways between parental pressure on children's body image (PPCBI), body mass index (BMI), body image dissatisfaction (BID) and eating disorders (EDs) among children and adolescents at different developmental stages. Methods: The stratified cluster sampling method (Stratified by grade, and took the classes as clusters) was used to select 486 students aged 8-15 years in two 9-year schools. Children's body height, weight, testicular volume and breast development were measured. PPCBI, BID, and EDs were investigated using the Appearance-related Social Stress Questionnaire, Body Size Questionnaire (BID-14), and EDI-1 scale, respectively. Results: The boys before puberty initiation had significantly higher EDs score (182.3±50.8) than girls before puberty initiation (164.1±58.1) (P<0.05). There were significant association pathways of PPCBI→BMI→BID→EDs and PPCBI→BID→EDs in boys before puberty initiation (ß=0.035, P<0.01; ß=0.059, P<0.01), in boys after puberty initiation (ß=0.032, P<0.01; ß=0.175, P<0.001), and in girls after puberty initiation (ß=0.026, P<0.01; ß=0.172, P<0.001). There was a positive association pathway of PPCBI→EDs in boys before puberty initiation (ß=0.30, P<0.001) and PPCBI→BID→EDs in girls before puberty initiation (ß=0.176, P<0.01). Conclusion: Parental pressure on children's body image may positively associate with children's eating disorders through BMI and body image dissatisfaction in boys and girls after puberty initiation and directly associate with eating disorders in boys before puberty initiation; however, it may indirectly associate with eating disorders only through BID in girls before puberty initiation.

Physical activity and eating behaviors patterns associated with high blood pressure among Chinese children and adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Physical activity and eating behavior are associated with hypertension in children and adolescents. Revealing the associations between physical activity patterns, eating behavior patterns and high blood pressure (HBP) could help improve the problem of hypertension from the actual children's physical activities and eating behaviors. METHODS: A total of 687 students aged 8-15 years were selected from two nine-year primary and secondary schools using stratified cluster random sampling method. The students' body height, weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured, and their physical activity time and eating behaviors were surveyed by using CLASS questionnaire and self-made eating behavior questionnaire, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to extract moderate to vigorous physical activity factor (MVPAF), sedentary activity factor (SAF), healthy eating behavior factor (HEBF), unhealthy eating behavior factor (UHEBF). MVPAF ≥ SAF was defined as moderate to vigorous physical activity pattern (MVPAP), MVPAF < SAF was defined as sedentary activity pattern (SAP). HEBF ≥ UHEBF was defined as healthy eating behavior pattern (HEBP), while the opposite was defined as unhealthy eating behavior pattern (UHEBP). Lifestyles includes physical activity patterns and eating behavior patterns. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of hypertension was 5.8% (40/687), and was 5.69% (21/369) in boys and 5.97% (19/318) in girls, respectively. The MVPAF and UHEBF in boys were significantly higher than those in girls (P < 0.01), while the SAF in girls was significantly higher than that in boys (P < 0.05). The SAF was positively correlated with SBP in girls (ß(SE) = 0.14 (0.50), P = 0.016), and was positively correlated with SBP (ß(SE) = 0.21 (1.22), P = 0.000 and DBP (ß(SE) = 0.14 (0.49), P = 0.006) in boys. The MVPAF was negatively correlated with DBP (ß(SE)=-0.11 (0.40), P = 0.022) in boys. In boys, the SAP increased the risks of HBP (OR (95% CI):3.34 (1.30-8.63)) and high DBP (OR (95% CI):3.08 (1.02-9.34)) compared with MVPAP. CONCLUSION: Compared with the boys with MVPAP, boys with SAP may increase the risks of HBP and high DBP. The SAF may be positively associated with SBP in boys and girls, while the MVPAF may be negatively associated with DBP in boys.

A survey of the Phrurolithidae (Arachnida: Araneae) of Damingshan National Natural Reserve, south China.

Species of the spider family Phrurolithidae of Damingshan National Natural Reserve, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China are surveyed. Five species from two genera are described as new to science, accompanied with photographs, SEM images and line drawings: Grandilithus bialatus sp. nov. (♀), Otacilia damingshanica sp. nov. (♂, ♀), O. haitun sp. nov. (♂, ♀), O. longissima sp. nov. (♂, ♀), and O. tingwei sp. nov. (♂, ♀). Furthermore, G. nonggang (Liu, Xu, Xiao, Yin & Peng, 2019) is recorded in this reserve. Distributions records of all treated species are mapped.

A new species of Mallinella Strand, 1906 (Araneae, Zodariidae) from South China.

Background: Only one zodariid species, Storenomorphalushanensis Yu & Chen, 2009 was found from Jiangxi Province. No other Mallinella species have been recorded from this Province. New information: A new species, Mallinellashahu sp. n. is described from Jiangxi Province, China. Morphological illustrations, living photos and distribution map are given.