A triphenylamine-based fluorescence probe for detection of hypochlorite in mitochondria.

The level of HClO/ClO- in mitochondria is essential to keep the normal function of mitochondria. Therefore, it is meaningful to accurately and quickly monitor ClO- in mitochondria. In this work, a new triphenylamine-based fluorescence probe PDTPA was designed and synthesized, in which pyridinium salt and dicyano-vinyl group were introduced as mitochondria targeting site and reaction site for ClO-. The probe showed high sensitivity and fast fluorescence response (<10 s) in the detection of ClO-. Moreover, the probe PDTPA had good linearity in a wide concentration range of ClO- and its detection limit was calculated as 10.5 µM. Confocal fluorescence images demonstrated that the probe could target mitochondria and track the fluctuations of endogenous/exogenous ClO- levels in the mitochondria of living cells.

Access to Polycyclic Indole-3,4-Fused Nine-Membered Ring via Cascade 1,6-Hydride Transfer/Cyclization.

A cascade aldimine condensation/1,6-hydride transfer/Mannich-type cyclization of indole-derived phenylenediamine with aldehydes was developed for one-step construction of a polycyclic indole-3,4-fused skeleton. Aldehyde serves as a key to start the whole process, including 1,6-hydride transfer enabled δ-C(sp3)-H activation of the secondary amine. The challenges of construction of medium-sized rings are addressed via hydride transfer chemistry.

Effect of arctiin on glomerular filtration barrier damage in STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy rats.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the major life-threatening complication of diabetes. Abnormal permeability of glomerular basement membrane plays an important role in DN pathogenesis. This study was performed to assess the effect of arctiin, the lignan constituent from Arctium lappa L., on metabolic profile and aggravation of renal lesions in a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN. STZ-induced diabetic rats were treated with arctiin at the dosage of 60 or 40 mg/kg/day via intraperitoneal injection for 8 weeks. Blood glucose and 24-h urinary albumin content were measured, and kidney histopathological changes were monitored. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the mRNA and protein levels of nephrin, podocin and heparanase (HPSE) in the kidney cortex of rats, respectively. Treatment with arctiin significantly decreased the levels of 24-h urinary albumin, prevented the sclerosis of glomeruli and effectively restored the glomerular filtration barrier damage by up-regulating the expression of nephrin and podocin and down-regulating HPSE level. Our studies suggest that arctiin might be beneficial for DN. The effects of arctiin on attenuating albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis are possibly mediated by regulating the expression of nephrin and podocin and HPSE in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Two one-dimensional compounds based on pyramidal {TbCu4} units and formate ligand: chair-like [(H2O)2(ClO4)2]2- clusters and slow relaxation of magnetization.

With formate as ligand, two 1-D 3d-4f compounds (linear and zigzag) based on pyramidal {TbCu(4)} unit were obtained. Chair-like [(H(2)O)(2)(ClO(4))(2)](2-) clusters and µ(5)-η(1):η(4) bridging mode of formate were observed in the linear one which also displays slow relaxation of the magnetization.