Obesity-associated leptin promotes chemoresistance in colorectal cancer through YAP-dependent AXL upregulation.

Obesity results from an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure, and it is highly associated with colorectal carcinogenesis and therapeutic resistance in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Dysregulation of adipokine production in obesity has been reported to cause malignant behaviors in CRC. Leptin, which is the principal hormone secreted by adipocytes and an obesity-associated adipokine, is significantly overexpressed in CRC tissues. However, the effect of leptin on chemoresistance in CRC is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to clarify the role of leptin and the underlying mechanisms in mediating 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance in CRC. We used palmitate to artificially generate obese adipocytes. As expected, lipid accumulation was significantly increased in obese adipocytes. We demonstrated that CRC cells incubated with conditioned media (CM) harvested from obese adipocytes were associated with increased resistance to 5-FU. Notably, this increase in resistance to 5-FU was through the elevated production and secretion of leptin. Leptin could further stimulate the expression of AXL and activate its downstream signaling molecule, PLCγ, thereby resulting in an increased expression of p-glycoprotein (P-gp) in CRC cells. Mechanistically, leptin induced AXL expression via the inhibition of AMPK and subsequent increase in YAP activation and nuclear translocation. In addition, nuclear YAP interacted with TEAD and promoted the occupancy of TEAD on the AXL promoter, thereby stimulating AXL promoter activity after leptin treatment. Furthermore, leptin neutralization rescued the sensitivity of CRC tumors to 5-FU in mice fed on a high-fat diet (HFD). These results indicated that leptin mediated 5-FU resistance through YAP-dependent AXL overexpression in CRC.

YAP-Dependent BiP Induction Is Involved in Nicotine-Mediated Oral Cancer Malignancy.

Cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for the development and progression of oral cancer. Previous studies have reported an association between nicotine and malignancy in oral cancer. Recent studies have also demonstrated that nicotine can induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in tumor cells. Binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) acts as a master regulator of ER stress and is frequently overexpressed in oral cancer cell lines and tissues. However, the effect of nicotine on BiP in oral cancer is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the role of BiP and its underlying regulatory mechanisms in nicotine-induced oral cancer progression. Our results showed that nicotine significantly induced the expression of BiP in time- and dose-dependent manners in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. In addition, BiP was involved in nicotine-mediated OSCC malignancy, and depletion of BiP expression remarkably suppressed nicotine-induced malignant behaviors, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) change, migration, and invasion. In vivo, BiP silencing abrogated nicotine-induced tumor growth and EMT switch in nude mice. Moreover, nicotine stimulated BiP expression through the activation of the YAP-TEAD transcriptional complex. Mechanistically, we observed that nicotine regulated YAP nuclear translocation and its interaction with TEAD through α7-nAChR-Akt signaling, subsequently resulting in increased TEAD occupancy on the HSPA5 promoter and elevated promoter activity. These observations suggest that BiP is involved in nicotine-induced oral cancer malignancy and may have therapeutic potential in tobacco-related oral cancer.

Correction to: Gamma synuclein is a novel nicotine responsive protein in oral cancer malignancy.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01401-w.].

Gamma synuclein is a novel nicotine responsive protein in oral cancer malignancy.

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms of neuronal protein γ-synuclein (SNCG) in the malignancy of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are not clear. This study tested the hypothesis that SNCG is involved in nicotine-induced malignant behaviors of OSCC. The effect of nicotine on SNCG expression and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were examined. METHODS: Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and an antagonist specific for α7-nicotine acetylcholine receptors (α7-nAChRs) were used to examine the role of α7-nAChRs in mediating the effects of nicotine. Knockdown of SNCG in nicotine-treated cells was performed to investigate the role of SNCG in cancer malignancy. The in vivo effect of nicotine was examined using a nude mouse xenotransplantation model. RESULTS: Nicotine increased SNCG expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Nicotine treatment also increased E-cadherin and ZO-1 and decreased fibronectin and vimentin expression. After specific knockdown of α7-nAChRs and inhibition of the PI3/AKT signal, the effect of nicotine on SNCG expression was attenuated. Silencing of SNCG abolished nicotine-induced invasion and migration of OSCC cells. The xenotransplantation model revealed that nicotine augmented tumor growth and SNCG expression. CONCLUSION: Nicotine upregulated SNCG expression by activating the α7-nAChRs/PI3/AKT signaling that are participated in nicotine-induced oral cancer malignancy.

α7-Nicotine acetylcholine receptor mediated nicotine induced cell survival and cisplatin resistance in oral cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of nicotine on cell survival and cisplatin resistance in oral cancer and the possible involvement of α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7-nAChRs). DESIGN: The effects of nicotine on cell survival and cisplatin-induced apoptosis were assessed. Knockdown of α7-nAChRs by short hairpin RNA and the specific antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA) was used to examine the involvement of α7-nAChRs in modulating the effects of nicotine. Apoptosis signal molecules were examined in nicotine- and cisplatin-treated cells. RESULTS: Nicotine increased the survival of the oral cancer cells YD8 and OEC-M1 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Nicotine treatment accelerated cell cycle progression in the oral cancer cells, and significantly reduced cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis. In the α7-nAChR-silenced cells, the prosurvival effect of nicotine in the cisplatin-treated cells was attenuated. Co-treatment of cisplatin and nicotine attenuated the effect of cisplatin on Bcl-2 expression. In addition, the effect of nicotine on cell survival under cisplatin treatment was attenuated with the addition of the Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-737. CONCLUSIONS: Treating oral cancer cells with nicotine increased cell survival and cisplatin resistance, in which α7-nAChRs were involved.

Chronic Stimulation of the Autophagy-inducing Ingredient of Areca Nut Promotes Tumor Growth In Vivo Through Up-regulation of Tumoral Autophagy.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Autophagy can be either tumor promotive or suppressive. We previously identified an autophagy-inducing activity in the 30-100 kDa fraction of areca-nut-extract (ANE 30-100K) and showed that several tumor cells subjected to chronic ANE 30-100K stimulation (CAS) exhibited higher resistance against stressed environments including serum-free (SF) conditions in vitro. Herein, we aimed to assess whether CAS can also provide growth advantages for tumor cells in vivo and the therapeutic effect of autophagy inhibition on CAS-treated tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Esophageal CE81T/VGH cells and nude mice were used as experimental models. Autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and chloroquine (CQ), as well as another anticancer drug cisplatin (DDP), were chosen to challenge CAS-treated CE81T/VGH cells in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: CAS-treated CE81T/VGH cells expressed higher levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3A/B-II (LC3-II) and beclin 1 proteins, and showed stronger resistance to SF and hypoxia conditions, that were mitigated by CQ or 3-MA in vitro. Furthermore, CAS-treated CE81T/VGH cells induced significantly larger tumors in mice, which were also attenuated by single 3-MA or CQ treatment. Finally, the combined treatment of 3-MA or CQ with DDP further up-regulated DDP-induced caspase-3 activity in vitro and exhibited synergistic anti-tumor effects on mice. CONCLUSION: CAS may up-regulate tumoral autophagy and provide growth advantage for tumors both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, autophagy inhibition alone or in combination with DDP may achieve positive therapy for tumors encountered with CAS.

Malignant development in patients with oral potentially malignant disorders detected through nationwide screening: Outcomes of 5-year follow-up at a single hospital.

BACKGROUND: Although survival rate and quality of life are improved if patients with oral carcinoma can be detected early, however, such lesions are usually asymptomatic; therefore, it is hard to raise awareness. Screening has proved to be cost-effective for early detection. METHODS: Sixty-two patients with oral carcinomas and 555 patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) who were detected through screening were examined the relationship between clinicopathological features and follow-up outcomes. RESULTS: The 5-year cumulative cancer-free interval rate was 94.1%, and the annual malignant transformation rate was 1.16%. The rate of interval carcinoma development from Candida hyperplasia, oral submucous fibrosis, homogeneous leukoplakia, non-homogenous leukoplakia, and verrucous hyperplasia, was 13.6%, 5.7%, 4.6%, 12.1%, and 21.3%, respectively. Significant independent risk factors for interval carcinoma development were heavy betel quid chewing, verrucous hyperplasia, and surgery refusal. CONCLUSIONS: Well-designed risk assessment, treatment, and surveillance program could lead to earlier cancer detection and thereby reduce mortality and morbidity.

Axl Involved in Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Induces Macrophage Polarization.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we examined the effect of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on macrophage polarization and the potential involvement of Axl/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in mediating the effect of MTA. METHODS: The human monocyte cell line THP-1 was cultured with MTA solution for 1, 2, or 3 days, and the population change of M2 macrophages was analyzed by flow cytometry. Expression of M2 cytokines was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Phagocytosis and angiogenesis-induction ability were also assayed. The involvement of Axl/NF-κB signaling in MTA-treated cells was examined by analyzing phosphorylation status of Axl, Akt, IKKα/ß, and IκBα. Specific inhibitors for Axl/Akt/NF-κB signaling were added to MTA-treated THP-1 cells, and their cytokine expression change was examined. RESULTS: Flow cytometry analysis showed that MTA treatment increased CD206＋ cells in a time-dependent way. After MTA treatment, the expression of M2-related cytokines was up-regulated. MTA also enhanced phagocytic ability and the ability of THP-1 cells to induce angiogenesis. Treatment of MTA led to activate Axl/Akt/NF-kB signal axis by phosphorylation of Axl, Akt, IKKα/ß, IκBα, and p65. In addition, MTA-induced interleukin 10, transforming growth factor beta, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression was suppressed as specific inhibitors were added. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that MTA is able to induce macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype, with up-regulation of interleukin 10, transforming growth factor beta, and vascular endothelial growth factor, and that Axl/Akt/NF-κB signaling participates in this process. These results provide the cellular and molecular basis of MTA's anti-inflammatory action in clinical applications.

Risk analysis of malignant potential of oral verrucous hyperplasia: A follow-up study of 269 patients and copy number variation analysis.

BACKGROUND: Oral verrucous hyperplasia is commonly observed in the oral cavity of betel quid chewers and is a potential malignant disorder. However, the prognostic factors and genetic alterations of oral verrucous hyperplasia are unclear. METHODS: We calculate the survival rate and prognostic factors using a Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression model. Copy number variations were analyzed using a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. RESULTS: The 5-year disease-free and cancer-free survival rates of patients with oral verrucous hyperplasia were approximately 40% and 70%, respectively. Heavy betel quid chewing, advanced oral submucous fibrosis, and nonbuccal and nontongue lesions were risk factors for malignant transformation, whereas dysplasia did not affect outcomes. The gene amplification of CTTN, FOLR3, ORAOV1, PPFIA1, and RNF121 were associated with the poor prognosis of oral verrucous hyperplasia. CONCLUSION: Heavy betel quid chewing, advanced oral submucous fibrosis, and nonbuccal and nontongue lesions are high-risk factors of patients with oral verrucous hyperplasia. The 5-copy number variation-associated genes could be used for early diagnosis and predicting the prognosis.

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is required for ANE 30-100K-induced autophagy.

BACKGROUND: We identified an autophagy-inducing areca nut (AN) ingredient (AIAI) in the 30-100 kDa fraction of AN extract (ANE 30-100K). This study was to analyze the role of endocytosis in ANE 30-100K-induced autophagy. METHODS: We used benzyl alcohol, dynasore, and shRNA of clathrin and dynamin to assess whether ANE 30-100K-induced cytotoxicity and accumulation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II were affected in oral (OECM-1) and esophageal (CE81T/VGH) carcinoma cells. RESULTS: Both benzyl alcohol and dynasore effectively reduced ANE 30-100K-induced cytotoxicity and LC3-II accumulation in OECM-1 and CE81T/VGH cells. Downregulated protein expression of both clathrin and dynamin by their shRNA also significantly attenuated ANE 30-100K-induced elevation of LC3-II levels in CE81T/VGH cells. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that AIAI may be engulfed by cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis, which promotes the execution of the following autophagy program.

Metformin-treated cancer cells modulate macrophage polarization through AMPK-NF-κB signaling.

Accumulating evidence is indicating metformin to possess the potential ability in preventing tumor development and suppressing cancer growth. However, the exact mechanism of its antitumorigenic effects is still not clear. We found that metformin suppressed the ability of cancer to skew macrophage toward M2 phenotype. Metformin treated cancer cells increased macrophage expression of M1-related cytokines IL-12 and TNF-α and attenuated M2-related cytokines IL-8, IL-10, and TGF-ß expression. Furthermore, metformin treated cancer cells displayed inhibited secretion of IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13; cytokines important for inducing M2 macrophages. Conversely, M1 inducing cytokine IFN-γ was upper-regulated in cancer cells. Additionally, through increasing AMPK and p65 phosphorylation, metformin treatment activated AMPK-NF-κB signaling of cancer cells that participate in regulating M1 and M2 inducing cytokines expression. Moreover, Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, significantly increased IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 expression while BAY-117082, an NF-κB inhibitor, decreased expression. In metformin-treated tumor tissue, the percentage of M2-like macrophages decreased while M1-like macrophages increased. These findings suggest that metformin activates cancer AMPK-NF-κB signaling, a pathway involved in regulating M1/M2 expression and inducing genes for macrophage polarization to anti-tumor phenotype.

The association of betel quid, alcohol, and cigarettes with salivary gland tumor-A case-control study.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Salivary gland tumor (SGT) is a rare disease with a largely unknown etiology. The risks of betel quid chewing, alcohol drinking, and cigarette smoking have been well documented in oral cancer but not in SGT. We aimed to investigate the independent and combined effects of betel quid chewing, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption on the incidence of SGT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a case-control study of 1845 patients aged 35-65 years, including 239 patients with pathologically proven SGT and 1606 controls from the health examination clinics of the same hospital during 2005-2014 to examine the association of these three risk factors with SGT in Taiwan. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and their 95% confidence interval for the association of risk factors to SGT were analyzed. RESULTS: After adjusting for covariates, aOR of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and betel quid chewing were 2.50, 1.27, and 3.38, respectively for SGT. The significantly increased risk for SGT was observed in cigarette smoking (P < 0.001). Cigarette smoking was also found to increase risks in subgroups of SGT (aOR = 5.24, 2.41, 2.63, and 2.04 in minor, major, benign, and malignant SGT, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our study provided the first evidence to show the independent and combined impact of betel quid chewing with cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking on the SGT, and support the concept that cigarette smoking may associate with SGT carcinogenesis.

Saliva protein biomarkers to detect oral squamous cell carcinoma in a high-risk population in Taiwan.

Most cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) develop from visible oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). The latter exhibit heterogeneous subtypes with different transformation potentials, complicating the early detection of OSCC during routine visual oral cancer screenings. To develop clinically applicable biomarkers, we collected saliva samples from 96 healthy controls, 103 low-risk OPMDs, 130 high-risk OPMDs, and 131 OSCC subjects. These individuals were enrolled in Taiwan's Oral Cancer Screening Program. We identified 302 protein biomarkers reported in the literature and/or through in-house studies and prioritized 49 proteins for quantification in the saliva samples using multiple reaction monitoring-MS. Twenty-eight proteins were successfully quantified with high confidence. The quantification data from non-OSCC subjects (healthy controls + low-risk OPMDs) and OSCC subjects in the training set were subjected to classification and regression tree analyses, through which we generated a four-protein panel consisting of MMP1, KNG1, ANXA2, and HSPA5. A risk-score scheme was established, and the panel showed high sensitivity (87.5%) and specificity (80.5%) in the test set to distinguish OSCC samples from non-OSCC samples. The risk score >0.4 detected 84% (42/50) of the stage I OSCCs and a significant portion (42%) of the high-risk OPMDs. Moreover, among 88 high-risk OPMD patients with available follow-up results, 18 developed OSCC within 5 y; of them, 77.8% (14/18) had risk scores >0.4. Our four-protein panel may therefore offer a clinically effective tool for detecting OSCC and monitoring high-risk OPMDs through a readily available biofluid.

Impacts of autophagy-inducing ingredient of areca nut on tumor cells.

Areca nut (AN) is a popular carcinogen used by about 0.6-1.2 billion people worldwide. Although AN contains apoptosis-inducing ingredients, we previously demonstrated that both AN extract (ANE) and its 30-100 kDa fraction (ANE 30-100K) predominantly induce autophagic cell death in both normal and malignant cells. In this study, we further explored the action mechanism of ANE 30-100K-induced autophagy (AIA) in Jurkat T lymphocytes and carcinoma cell lines including OECM-1 (mouth), CE81T/VGH (esophagus), SCC25 (tongue), and SCC-15 (tongue). The results showed that chemical- and small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) resulted in the attenuation of AIA in Jurkat T but not in OECM-1 cells. Knockdown of Atg5 and Beclin 1 expressions ameliorated AIA in OECM-1/CE81T/VGH/Jurkat T and OECM-1/SCC25/SCC-15, respectively. Furthermore, ANE 30-100K could activate caspase-3 after inhibition of Beclin 1 expression in OECM-1/SCC25/SCC15 cells. Meanwhile, AMPK was demonstrated to be the upstream activator of the extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) in Jurkat T cells, and inhibition of MEK attenuated AIA in Jurkat T/OECM-1/CE81T/VGH cells. Finally, we also found that multiple myeloma RPMI8226, lymphoma U937, and SCC15 cells survived from long-term non-cytotoxic ANE 30-100K treatment exhibited stronger resistance against serum deprivation through upregulated autophagy. Collectively, our studies indicate that Beclin-1 and Atg5 but not AMPK are commonly required for AIA, and MEK/ERK pathway is involved in AIA. Meanwhile, it is also suggested that long-term AN usage might increase the resistance of survived tumor cells against serum-limited conditions.

Polarization of tumor-associated macrophages and Gas6/Axl signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the potential involvement of Axl signaling in polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS: Condition medium (CM) from OSCC cells (OEC-M1 and YD38) were collected and their effects on macrophage (THP-1) polarization were examined. Modulation of Axl, PI3/Akt, and NF-κB were performed to investigate their potential involvement in TAM polarization. Expression of pAxl and CD206 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in OSCC tissues. RESULTS: THP-1 polarized to M2 phenotype with increasing expression of interleukins, vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase and CD206 upon treatment with CM of OSCC. Activated Axl signaling in OSCC enhanced M2 induction ability. Suppression of Axl signaling and inhibition of PI3/Akt and NF-κB diminished M2 induction. pAxl expression was significantly associated with distribution of CD206 positive cells in OSCC tissues. CONCLUSION: Axl signaling of OSCC involved in polarizing TAMs toward M2 phenotype. Induction of M2 phenotype macrophage polarization by OSCC cells might involve the Axl/PI3/Akt/NF-κB pathway.

The application of data mining techniques to oral cancer prognosis.

This study adopted an integrated procedure that combines the clustering and classification features of data mining technology to determine the differences between the symptoms shown in past cases where patients died from or survived oral cancer. Two data mining tools, namely decision tree and artificial neural network, were used to analyze the historical cases of oral cancer, and their performance was compared with that of logistic regression, the popular statistical analysis tool. Both decision tree and artificial neural network models showed superiority to the traditional statistical model. However, as to clinician, the trees created by the decision tree models are relatively easier to interpret compared to that of the artificial neural network models. Cluster analysis also discovers that those stage 4 patients whose also possess the following four characteristics are having an extremely low survival rate: pN is N2b, level of RLNM is level I-III, AJCC-T is T4, and cells mutate situation (G) is moderate.

Sprouty2 protein is downregulated in human squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and suppresses cell proliferation in vitro.

Sprouty2 is known for its tumor-suppressing effect in various human malignant diseases. In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the role of sprouty2 in tumorigenesis and clinical implication remains elusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of sprouty2 in patients with HNSCC and its function in vitro. Quantitative analysis of mRNA expression of sprouty2 was performed on frozen tumor samples from 42 patients with HNSCC and 19 with oral verrucous hyperplasia (OVH) with paired counterparts of normal mucosa. Downregulation of sprouty2 expression was demonstrated in 79% of HNSCC samples and in 58% of OVH samples compared with paired samples of normal mucosa. Enhanced expression of sprouty2 protein suppressed the growth of HNSCC cells and signaling of the phosphorylated AKT pathway. Following transfection of the sprouty2 plasmid, HNSCC cells were more sensitive to sorafenib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of Raf and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor. The present study suggested that sprouty2 expression was downregulated and behaved as a tumor suppressor in HNSCC. Sprouty2 expression in tumor cells enhanced sensitivity to sorafenib. Further studies are required to define the clinical impact of sprouty2 in patients with HNSCC.

Psoriatic arthritis: Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment.

Our understanding of psoriatic arthritis has evolved as new knowledge of the disease has emerged. However, the exact prevalence of psoriatic arthritis is unknown, and its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Genetic, environmental, and immunologic factors have all been implicated in disease development. Early diagnosis and treatment have become primary objectives in clinical rheumatology. Psoriatic arthritis not only causes functional impairment, but also increases mortality risk of patients. The advent of new therapeutic agents capable of arresting the progression of joint damage is expected. However, early psoriatic arthritis assessment remains limited. The objectives of this article are to outline the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of psoriatic arthritis and to suggest a paradigm for identifying early psoriatic arthritis patients.

Protumoral effect of macrophage through Axl activation on mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to test the potential involvement of Axl signaling in the protumoral effect of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out cocultured experiments by incubation of MEC cells (UTMUC-1) and macrophages (THP-1) and examined Axl activation status. The expression of MMPs and behavior change were examined in UT-MUC-1 cells. The effect of Axl signaling on co-cultured cancer cells was further investigated by knockdown Axl expression and suppression by Axl-specific inhibitor R428. RESULTS: Activation of Axl signaling and increased expression and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 along with increased invasion/migration ability in MEC cells were observed when co-cultured with TAMs. Upon knockdown of Axl in MEC or addition of R428 in the co-cultured system, these co-cultured effects were diminished. CONCLUSION: TAMs play a protumoral role in MEC via activation of the Axl signaling pathway, up-regulating MMPs expression, and increasing invasion/migration ability.

Epidemiological features of intestinal infection with Entamoeba histolytica in Taiwan, 2002-2010.

Amebiasis remains an important public health problem worldwide, and immigration and an increase in international travel have affected the incident cases of the disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica in Taiwan between 2002 and 2010. We analyzed data from surveillance programs run by the Centers for Disease Control, Taiwan (Taiwan CDC), and only laboratory-confirmed cases were analyzed. In total, 1796 cases with E. histolytica infections were included in our analysis. Among them, 788 (44%) of the cases were imported, and 1008 (56%) were locally acquired. The average annual incidence rate of E. histolytica infections was 0.49 and 9.26 per 100,000 for local patients and immigrants/foreign workers from endemic countries, respectively. The annual incidence of E. histolytica infections among immigrants/foreign workers was significantly higher than among Taiwanese who had not traveled abroad (P < 0.0001). Travelers to E. histolytica-endemic areas (e.g., Southeast countries) had a higher risk acquiring an E. histolytica infection. This study emphasized that E. histolytica infection is an important intestinal infectious disease in Taiwan. The risk of infection with E. histolytica for travelers was higher for those with destinations in South and Southeast Asia. To control E. histolytica infections in Taiwan, a sensitive surveillance system needs to be established, and the amebiasis-screening program for immigrants/foreign workers from endemic countries should be enforced.