RESUMEN
Iron deficiency can cause serious diseases in infants and young children such as indigestion, anemia, and nervous system dysplasia. Consumption of high-iron rice flour can prevent iron deficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential application of ferrous gluconate as an iron source in high-iron rice flour used as a type of accessory food for infants and young children. In this study, the differences in iron absorption ability between ferrous gluconate and ferrous fumarate in rice flour with the same ingredients in both high and low phytic acid systems were evaluated. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the bioaccessibility/bioavailability between ferrous gluconate and ferrous fumarate at both low and high phytic acid contents. In low phytic acid and high phytic acid systems, the iron absorption rate of ferrous gluconate is 11.53% and 13.45% higher than that of ferrous fumarate, respectively (p < 0.05). In summary, the iron absorption rate of ferrous gluconate was higher than that of ferrous fumarate in the rice flour system. Additionally, the low phytic acid environment is more conducive to iron uptake and utilization. Therefore, ferrous gluconate can be used as an alternative source of iron in accessory foods for infants and young children.
RESUMEN
Optoelectronic synapses have gained increasing attentions as a fundamental building block in the development of neuromorphic visual systems. However, it remains a challenge to integrate multiple functions into a single optoelectronic synapse that can be widely applied in wearable artificial intelligence and implantable neuromorphic vision systems. In this study, a stretchable optoelectronic synapse based on biodegradable ionic gelatin heterojunction is successfully developed. This device exhibits self-powered synaptic plasticity behavior with broad spectral response and excellent elastic properties, yet it degrades rapidly upon disposal. After complete cleavage, the device can be fully repaired within 1 min, which is mainly attributed to the non-covalent interactions between different molecular chains. Moreover, the recovery and reprocessing of the ionic gelatins result in optoelectronic properties that are virtually indistinguishable from their original state, showcasing the resilience and durability of ionic gelatins. The combination of biodegradability, stretchability, self-healing, zero-power consumption, ease of large-scale preparation, and low cost makes the work a major step forward in the development of biodegradable and stretchable optoelectronic synapses.
RESUMEN
Bioinspired bionic eyes should be self-driving, repairable and conformal to arbitrary geometries. Such eye would enable wide-field detection and efficient visual signal processing without requiring external energy, along with retinal transplantation by replacing dysfunctional photoreceptors with healthy ones for vision restoration. A variety of artificial eyes have been constructed with hemispherical silicon, perovskite and heterostructure photoreceptors, but creating zero-powered retinomorphic system with transplantable conformal features remains elusive. By combining neuromorphic principle with retinal and ionoelastomer engineering, we demonstrate a self-driven hemispherical retinomorphic eye with elastomeric retina made of ionogel heterojunction as photoreceptors. The receptor driven by photothermoelectric effect shows photoperception with broadband light detection (365 to 970 nm), wide field-of-view (180°) and photosynaptic (paired-pulse facilitation index, 153%) behaviors for biosimilar visual learning. The retinal photoreceptors are transplantable and conformal to any complex surface, enabling visual restoration for dynamic optical imaging and motion tracking.
Asunto(s)
Prótesis Visuales , Biónica , Retina , Visión Ocular , Percepción VisualRESUMEN
The double-cone ignition (DCI) scheme has been proposed as one of the alternative approaches to inertial confinement fusion, based on direct-drive and fast-ignition, in order to reduce the requirement for the driver energy. To evaluate the conical implosion energetics from the laser beams to the plasma flows, a series of experiments have been systematically conducted. The results indicate that 89%-96% of the laser energy was absorbed by the target, with moderate stimulated Raman scatterings. Here 2%-6% of the laser energy was coupled into the plasma jets ejected from the cone tips, which was mainly restricted by the mass reductions during the implosions inside the cones. The supersonic dense jets with a Mach number of 4 were obtained, which is favorable for forming a high-density, nondegenerated plasma core after the head-on collisions. These findings show encouraging results in terms of energy transport of the conical implosions in the DCI scheme.
RESUMEN
Human milk is naturally rich in medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols (MLCT), accounting for approximately 30% of the total fat. However, infant formula fat is prepared using a physical blend of vegetable oils, which rarely contains MLCT, similar to human milk. The differences in MLCT between human milk and infant formulas may cause different lipid metabolisms and physiological effects on infants, which are unknown. This study aimed to analyze the metabolic characteristics of formula lipid containing novel human milk fat substitutes based on MLCT (FL-MLCT) and compare their effects with those of the physical blend of vegetable oils (FL-PB) on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in mice. Compared with the FL-PB group, the FL-MLCT group showed increased energy expenditure, decreased serum triacylglycerol level, and significantly lower aspartate aminotransferase level, epididymal and perirenal fat weight, and adipocyte size. Moreover, the abundances of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, and Desulfovibrionaceae were significantly decreased in the FL-MLCT group. Novel human milk fat substitutes MLCT could inhibit visceral fat accumulation, improve liver function, and modulate the mice gut microbiota composition, which may contribute to controlling obesity.
Asunto(s)
Sustitutos de Grasa , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Lactante , Humanos , Ratones , Animales , Triglicéridos/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Leche Humana/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Aceites de Plantas/metabolismo , TermogénesisRESUMEN
Ionic memristors can emulate brain-like functions of biological synapses for neuromorphic technologies. Apart from the widely studied excitatory-excitatory and excitatory-inhibitory synapses, reports on memristors with the inhibitory-inhibitory synaptic behaviors remain a challenge. Here, the first biaxially inhibited artificial synapse is demonstrated, consisting of a solid electrolyte and conjugated microporous polymers bilayer as neurotransmitter, with the former serving as an ion reservoir and the latter acting as a confined transport. Due to the migration, trapping, and de-trapping of ions within the nanoslits, the device poses inhibitory synaptic plasticity under both positive and negative stimuli. Remarkably, the artificial synapse is able to maintain a low level of stable nonvolatile memory over a long period of time (≈60 min) after multiple stimuli, with feature-inferencing/-training capabilities of neural node in neuromorphic computing. This work paves a reliable strategy for constructing nanochannel ionic memristive materials toward fully inhibitory synaptic devices.
Asunto(s)
Electrólitos , Neurotransmisores , Sinapsis , Sinapsis/fisiología , Electrólitos/química , Porosidad , Plasticidad Neuronal/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Smart textiles with multifunction and highly stable performance are essential for their application in wearable electronics. Despite the advancement of various smart textiles through the decoration of conductive materials on textile surfaces, improving their stability and functionality remains a challenging topic. In this study, we developed an ionic textile (i-textile) with air permeability, water resistance, UV resistance, and sensing capabilities through in situ photopolymerization of ionogel onto the textile surface. The i-textile presents air permeability comparable to that of bare textile while possessing enhanced UV resistance. Remarkably, the i-textile maintains excellent electrical properties after washing 20 times or being subjected to 300 stretching cycles at 30% tension. When applied to human joint motion detection, the i-textile-based sensors can effectively distinguish joint motion based on their sensitivity and response speed. This research presents a novel method for developing smart textiles that further advances wearable electronics.
Asunto(s)
Dispositivos Electrónicos Vestibles , Humanos , Movimiento (Física) , Electrónica , Electrodos , TextilesRESUMEN
The supercritical CO2 enhanced coalbed methane (ScCO2-ECBM) technology is still in the development stage, and many simulation experiments and theoretical studies related to ScCO2-ECBM are being improved. Previous research works have conducted many studies on the competitive adsorption of CO2 and CH4 in coal, but there is less research on the competitive adsorption of ScCO2 and CH4 and its impact on methane extraction characteristics. In this study, a permeability model considering the competitive effects of effective stress and adsorption swelling on permeability was established. Based on the assumed conditions and permeability evolution model, different injected pressure and initial methane pressure conditions were set to obtain quantitative results of the competitive adsorption of ScCO2 and CH4, permeability changes, and CH4 production. By obtaining the competitive adsorption relationship between ScCO2 and CH4, we analyzed the evolution law of permeability and its impact on CH4 production. It was found that ScCO2 has a stronger competitive adsorption capacity, and the competitive adsorption capacity of ScCO2 and CH4 is more sensitive to injected pressure. Under two different conditions, it was found that the higher the injected pressure or injected differential pressure, the higher the initial permeability. However, due to the greater sensitivity of the competitive adsorption capacity of ScCO2 and CH4 to injected pressure, the greater the injected pressure in the later stage, the greater the decrease in permeability, resulting in a situation where the permeability at an injected pressure of 10 MPa is lower than that at an injected pressure of 8 MPa. A simple comparison was made between gaseous CO2 and ScCO2, and it was found that although injecting ScCO2 has a stronger adsorption swelling capacity that affects permeability changes, its stronger adsorption capacity can effectively displace methane and higher injected pressure, injected temperature, and advantages such as fracturing and extraction that are not yet reflected in the model. This study provides some guidance for numerical simulation of the ScCO2-ECBM process and the enhancement of coalbed methane extraction.
RESUMEN
In laser-plasma experiments, the beam-splitting Faraday rotation measurement is usually used for mapping the magnetic field. Due to the geometric characteristics of the beam-splitting configuration, the split beams are not always incident normally on the image plane, and their spots have different shapes and intensity distributions. Ignoring these issues will inevitably introduce errors in polarization calculation and then generate large false magnetic fields. We introduced the restoration method to recover the spots and suppress the false magnetic field. We applied this method to ZEMAX simulation data and Shenguang-II experimental data. Compared to the method of directly overlaying the spots, it can reduce the average false magnetic field by about 50%. And the false magnetic field at the edge of the spot is reduced by one order of magnitude. We can highly improve the accuracy of the magnetic field measurement with the Faraday rotation method.
RESUMEN
Ionogels are extremely soft ionic materials that can undergo large deformation while maintaining their structural and functional integrity. Ductile ionogels can absorb energy and resist fracture under external load, making them an ideal candidate for wearable electronics, soft robotics, and protective gear. However, developing high-modulus ionogels with extreme toughness remains challenging. Here, a facile one-step photopolymerization approach to construct an acrylic acid (AA)-2-hydroxyethylacrylate (HEA)-choline chloride (ChCl) eutectogel (AHCE) with ultrahigh modulus and toughness is reported. With rich hydrogen bonding crosslinks and phase segregation, this gel has a 99.1 MPa Young's modulus and a 70.6 MJ m-3 toughness along with 511.4% elongation, which can lift 12 000 times its weight. These features provide extreme damage resistance and electrical healing ability, offering it a protective and strain-sensitive coating to innovate anticutting fabric with motion detection for human healthcare. The work provides an effective strategy to construct robust ionogel materials and smart wearable electronics for intelligent life.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Globally, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common type of lung cancer. The secreted protein angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) has been implicated in a number of physiological and pathological processes, including angiogenesis and lipid metabolism. But the role of ANGPTL4 in LUAD remains unknown. METHODS: The expression of ANGPTL4 and miR-133a-3p was confirmed by public database analysis. Xenograft model, MTT, Clone formation and EdU analysis were used to confirm the effects of miR-133a-3p/ANGPTL4 on LUAD cell proliferation and growth. Wound healing and Transwell analysis were used to elucidate the role of miR-133a-3p/ANGPTL4 in LUAD cell migration and invasion. Oil red O staining was used to confirm ANGPTL4 in LUAD lipids production. Dual-luciferase reporter gene analysis was used to demonstrate miR-133a-3p could directly bind ANGPTL4 3'-UTR. WB and PCR were used to confirm the protein expression of ANGPTL4. RESULTS: ANGPTL4 was significantly increased in LUAD samples, which could promote LUAD cell proliferation, migration, invasion, growth and lipid production. miR-133a-3p could directly bind to ANGPTL4 mRNA, and repress the expression ANGPTL4, resulting in suppressing LUAD proliferation and metastasis. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, miR-133a-3p/ANGPTL4 axis might be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for LUAD patients.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón , Proteína 4 Similar a la Angiopoyetina , Movimiento Celular , Proliferación Celular , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Neoplasias Pulmonares , MicroARNs , Invasividad Neoplásica , Proteína 4 Similar a la Angiopoyetina/genética , Proteína 4 Similar a la Angiopoyetina/metabolismo , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Humanos , Proliferación Celular/genética , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/genética , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/genética , Animales , Invasividad Neoplásica/genética , Movimiento Celular/genética , Ratones , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ratones DesnudosRESUMEN
Coal thermal and kinetic parameters are important for the design of combustion reactors and risk assessment. Two methods were employed to investigate such key parameters of lignite, bituminous, and anthracite coal samples from China. With thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods, two distinct transitional stages were found in all coal samples combustion, but reaction intervals shifted to higher temperatures from lignite to anthracite and varied between 317 and 665 °C depending on the sample nature. Compared to the other two coal types, the pyrolysis of anthracite was less sensitive to increasing temperature, and its combustion process occurred at a much higher temperature. The results indicated that anthracite is difficult to ignite but has a considerable heat of reaction of 22.6 kJ/kg if ignited, which is close to that of bituminous. The basket heating method was used to obtain the kinetic data. Sample activation energies varied in the ranges of 38-51 kJ/mol from TG analysis and 49-67 kJ/mol from basket heating tests. Both results were comparable and consistent with the reference data. Due to its higher activation energy, anthracite poses a lower risk of thermal runaway than other coal types. This conclusion was validated by performing a minimum ignition temperature determination of a dust layer (MITL). In contrast, lignite and bituminous should be handled with greater safety precautions in coal-related process industries. The data presented will be used for hazard analysis and for designing more efficient combustion reactors in power plants. The data collected led to an extension of the current data for coal dust, as found in the literature.
RESUMEN
Homogenization is used in human milk to add supplements for premature infants and in cow's milk to make it more uniform and stable for commercial purposes. However, it may destroy the milk fat globule (MFG) structure and composition, affecting its functional characteristics. This study aims to compare human and cow's milk with particle size ranges of 4-6 µm (large-sized), 1-2 µm (medium-sized), and 0.3-0.5 µm (small-sized) before and after homogenization at different pressure levels. CLSM and SDS-PAGE were used to perform the structural characterization. The lipid compositions were analyzed using GC and LC-MS. The results showed that homogenization obviously changed the MFG structure and its lipid composition. After homogenization, more caseins and whey proteins were adsorbed on both the human and cow's milk fat globule interface, while the proteins observed in human milk were dispersed. This could be attributed to the different types and contents of proteins initially. The influence of homogenization on milk phospholipids was higher than triacylglycerols and fatty acids, which was highly correlated with their initial distributions in MFGs. These results provide new information about the interfacial composition of human and cow's milk fat globules upon homogenization and establish the scientific basis for homogenization application in human and cow's milk to help explore their potential functions.
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Grasos , Leche Humana , Leche , Animales , Bovinos , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Alérgenos , Caseínas , Proteínas de la Leche , Fosfolípidos , Proteína de Suero de LecheRESUMEN
Spontaneous and external magnetic fields interacting with plasmas are essential in high-energy-density and magnetic confinement fusion physics. Measuring these magnetic fields, especially their topologies, is crucial. This paper develops a new type of optical polarimeter based on the Martin-Puplett interferometer (MPI), which can probe magnetic fields with the Faraday rotation method. We introduce the design and working principle of an MPI polarimeter. With the laboratory tests, we demonstrate the measurement process and compare the results with the measurement result of a Gauss meter. These very close results verify the polarization detection capability of the MPI polarimeter and show the potential for its application in magnetic field measurement.
RESUMEN
The triacylglycerols (TAGs) of medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols (MLCT) and di-unsaturated fatty acyl-palmitoyl-glycerols (UPU) in human milk provide better nutritional effects, and should be prioritized as crucial focuses on neonatal nutrition research. However, little has been done on the influences of the lactation stage and regional diversity on MLCT and UPU. In this study, we collected 204 human milk samples during colostrum, 1st and 4th month from the north (Baotou), central (Beijing), east (Jinan), southwest (Kunming), southeast (Shenzhen), and northwest (Xining) regions of China. There were 122 species of TAGs detected with UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, including 60 kinds of MLCT and 15 kinds of UPU. The MLCT and UPU type TAGs in human milk were ~27 and ~38%, respectively. The sum content of MLCT and UPU in human milk was stable. Compared to the regional diversity, lactation stages showed more obvious influences on MLCT and UPU composition. Moreover, a summary of TAG studies indicated that Chinese human milk showed a higher ratio of O-P-L to O-P-O than in western countries.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a prevalent cause of admittance to intensive care units, is associated with high mortality. Prone positioning has been proven to improve the outcomes of moderate to severe ARDS patients owing to its physiological effects. Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) will be considered in patients with severe hypoxemia. However, for patients with severe hypoxemia supported with VV ECMO, the potential effects and optimal strategies of prone positioning remain unclear. This review aimed to present these controversial questions and highlight directions for future research. MAIN BODY: The clinically significant benefit of prone positioning and early VV ECMO alone was confirmed in patients with severe ARDS. However, a number of questions regarding the combination of VV ECMO and prone positioning remain unanswered. We discussed the potential effects of prone positioning on gas exchange, respiratory mechanics, hemodynamics, and outcomes. Strategies to achieve optimal outcomes, including indications, timing, duration, and frequency of prone positioning, as well as the management of respiratory drive during prone positioning sessions in ARDS patients receiving VV ECMO, are challenging and controversial. Additionally, whether and how to implement prone positioning according to ARDS phenotypes should be evaluated. Lung morphology monitored by computed tomography, lung ultrasound, or electrical impedance tomography might be a potential indication to make an individualized plan for prone positioning therapy in patients supported with VV ECMO. CONCLUSION: For patients with ARDS supported with VV ECMO, the potential effects of prone positioning have yet to be clarified. Ensuring an optimal strategy, especially an individualized plan for prone positioning therapy during VV ECMO, is particularly challenging and requires further research.
RESUMEN
Human breastmilk, the ideal food for healthy infants, naturally contains a high concentration of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs, about 15% of total fatty acids). MCFAs are an important energy source for infants due to their unique digestive and metabolic properties. MCFA-enriched oils are widely used in an infant formula, especially the formula produced for preterm infants. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the triglyceride structure of MCFAs in human milk, their metabolism, and their effects on infant health. This study summarized the MCFA composition and structure in both human milk and infant formula. Recent studies on the nutritional effects of MCFAs on infant gut microbiota have been reviewed. Special attention was given to the MCFAs digestion and metabolism in the infants. This paper aims to provide insights into the optimization of formulations to fulfill infant nutritional requirements.
RESUMEN
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a life-saving technique for patients with severe respiratory and cardiac diseases, is being increasingly utilized worldwide, particularly during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic, and there has been a sharp increase in the implementation of ECMO. However, due to the presence of various complications, the survival rate of patients undergoing ECMO remains low. Among the complications, the neurologic morbidity significantly associated with venoarterial and venovenous ECMO has received increasing attention. Generally, failure to recognize neurologic injury in time is reportedly associated with poor outcomes in patients on ECMO. Currently, multimodal monitoring is increasingly utilized in patients with devastating neurologic injuries and has been advocated as an important approach for early diagnosis. Here, we highlight the prevalence and outcomes, risk factors, current monitoring technologies, prevention, and treatment of neurologic complications in adult patients on ECMO. We believe that an improved understanding of neurologic complications presumably offers promising therapeutic solutions to prevent and treat neurologic morbidity.
RESUMEN
Biocompatible materials have received increasing attention as one of the most important building blocks for flexible and transient memories. Herein, a fully biocompatible resistive switching (RS) memory electronic composed of a carbon dot (CD)-polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) nanocomposite and a silver nanowire (Ag NW) network buried in a flexible gelatin film is introduced with promising nonvolatile RS characteristics for flexible and transient memory applications. The fabricated device exhibited a rewritable flash-type memory behavior, such as low operation voltage (≈-1.12 V), high ON/OFF ratio (>102), long retention time (over 104 s), and small bending radius (15 mm). As a proof of degradability, this transient memory can dissolve completely within 90 s after being immersed into deionized water at 55 °C; it can decompose naturally in soil within 6 days. This fully biocompatible memory electronic paves a novel way for flexible and wearable green electronics.
RESUMEN
Suppressing the operating current in resistive memory devices is an effective strategy to minimize their power consumption. Herein, we present an intrinsic low-current memory based on two-dimensional (2D) hybrid heterostructures consisting of partly reduced graphene oxide (p-rGO) and conjugated microporous polymer (CMP) with the merits of being solution-processed, large-scale, and well patterned. The device with the heterostructure of p-rGO/CMP sandwiched between highly reduced graphene oxide (h-rGO) and aluminum electrodes exhibited rewritable and nonvolatile memory behavior with an ultralow operating current (â¼1 µA) and efficient power consumption (â¼2.9 µW). Moreover, the on/off current ratio is over 103, and the retention time is up to 8 × 103 s, indicating the low misreading rate and high stability of data storage. So far, the value of power is about 10 times lower than those of the previous GO-based memories. The bilayer architecture provides a promising approach to construct intrinsic low-power resistive memory devices.