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PURPOSE: To describe cellular alterations detected by impression cytology of the ocular surface in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum. The secondary objective was to assess the reliability of impression cytology in diagnosing ocular surface squamous neoplasia. METHODS: Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum underwent a single-day complete ophthalmological examination and impression cytology for ocular surface evaluation using 13 mm diameter mixed cellulose esters membrane filters and combined staining with Periodic Acid Schiff, Hematoxylin and Eosin, and Papanicolaou stains followed by microscopic analysis. The cytological findings were correlated with the clinical diagnosis. The impression cytology findings at baseline and one-year follow-up were correlated with the clinical course (no tumor, treated tumor, residual tumor recurrent tumor, new tumor). RESULTS: Of the 42 patients examined, impression cytology was performed in 62 eyes of 34 participants (65% females). The mean age of patients was 29.6 ± 17 years (range 7-62). Fifteen eyes had a clinical diagnosis of ocular surface squamous neoplasia. Impression cytology showed goblet cells (47, 75%), inflammatory cells (12, 19%), keratinization (5, 8%), and squamous metaplasia (30, 48%). Impression cytology was positive for atypical cells in 18 patients (12 with and 6 without ocular surface squamous neoplasia). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of impression cytology (at baseline) for diagnosis of ocular surface squamous neoplasia were 80%, 87%, 67%, and 93%, respectively, using clinical diagnosis of ocular surface squamous neoplasia as the reference standard. CONCLUSION: Impression cytology has a moderate positive predictive value for the diagnosis of ocular surface squamous neoplasia in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum. However, the lack of detection of atypical cells on impression cytology has a high negative predictive value for ocular surface squamous neoplasia. Integration of impression cytology in the long-term management of high-risk patients, such as patients with xeroderma pigmentosum, can avoid unnecessary diagnostic biopsies.
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Xerodermia Pigmentosa , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Neoplasias de la Conjuntiva/patología , Citodiagnóstico/métodos , Técnicas Citológicas/métodos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Xerodermia Pigmentosa/patología , Xerodermia Pigmentosa/complicacionesRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Purpose: To describe cellular alterations detected by impression cytology of the ocular surface in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum. The secondary objective was to assess the reliability of impression cytology in diagnosing ocular surface squamous neoplasia. Methods: Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum underwent a single-day complete ophthalmological examination and impression cytology for ocular surface evaluation using 13 mm diameter mixed cellulose esters membrane filters and combined staining with Periodic Acid Schiff, Hematoxylin and Eosin, and Papanicolaou stains followed by microscopic analysis. The cytological findings were correlated with the clinical diagnosis. The impression cytology findings at baseline and one-year follow-up were correlated with the clinical course (no tumor, treated tumor, residual tumor recurrent tumor, new tumor). Results: Of the 42 patients examined, impression cytology was performed in 62 eyes of 34 participants (65% females). The mean age of patients was 29.6 ± 17 years (range 7-62). Fifteen eyes had a clinical diagnosis of ocular surface squamous neoplasia. Impression cytology showed goblet cells (47, 75%), inflammatory cells (12, 19%), keratinization (5, 8%), and squamous metaplasia (30, 48%). Impression cytology was positive for atypical cells in 18 patients (12 with and 6 without ocular surface squamous neoplasia). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of impression cytology (at baseline) for diagnosis of ocular surface squamous neoplasia were 80%, 87%, 67%, and 93%, respectively, using clinical diagnosis of ocular surface squamous neoplasia as the reference standard. Conclusion: Impression cytology has a moderate positive predictive value for the diagnosis of ocular surface squamous neoplasia in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum. However, the lack of detection of atypical cells on impression cytology has a high negative predictive value for ocular surface squamous neoplasia. Integration of impression cytology in the long-term management of high-risk patients, such as patients with xeroderma pigmentosum, can avoid unnecessary diagnostic biopsies.
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PURPOSE: We analyzed the frequency, viability, and genetic characteristics of T. gondii in pork heart samples. METHODS: Thirty-five fresh pork samples were purchased in a slaughterhouse in Erechim city. The DNA was extracted and qPCR was performed. T. gondii genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP analysis. Positive samples were digested and inoculated in mice for viability analysis. RESULTS: Our results showed that T. gondii DNA was detected in 25.7% of the pork heart samples and genotyping revealed one new atypical strain. The viability analyses demonstrated that 40% of mice presented clinical signs of T. gondii infection. qPCR was positive in the lung, liver, and brain of mice that presented clinical signs of T. gondii infection. Also, the histopathology analysis showed retinal disorganization, retinal detachment, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fibrosis in the eyes analyzed. CONCLUSION: Our findings have shown that pork eat from southern Brazil may contain live T. gondii that could be associated with toxoplasmosis.
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Oftalmopatías , Carne de Cerdo , Carne Roja , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmosis Animal , Animales , Genotipo , Humanos , Ratones , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Porcinos , Toxoplasma/genética , Toxoplasmosis Animal/diagnósticoRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: To describe ocular surface findings in impression cytology obtained from healthy rabbit conjunctiva treated with interferon alpha-2b eyedrop, and compare them to findings after use of mitomycin C 0.02%. Methods: An experimental study using a rabbit model was performed between September 2013 and October 2014 at the Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Clínica de Olhos Moacir Cunha. Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 6 groups and received interferon alpha-2b or mitomycin C 0.02%. Impression cytology (IC) was performed prior to topical applications and at15, 30 and 60 days of use. The following variables were analyzed in impression cytology: goblet cells, cellularity, cell-to-cell adhesion, nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, nuclear chromatin, inflammatory cells keratinization, and cytomegaly. Results: The major findings in impression cytology after us of interferon alpha-2b included loss of goblet cells (50.8%), reduced cell-to-cell adhesion (26.2%), abnormal nucleus/cytoplasm ratio (20%) and reduced cellularity (15.4%). After use of mitomycin C 0.02%, the most common changes included loss of goblet cells (46.2%), abnormal nucleus/cytoplasm ratio (25.6%), less cell-to-cell adhesion (23.1%), and reduced cellularity (20.5%). There were no significant differences in any variable when comparing impression cytology after interferon alpha-2b and after mitomycin C 0.02%. Goblet cell loss was more pronounced at days 30 and 60, as compared to impression cytology at day 15 for both drugs. Conclusion: The loss of goblet cells, reduced cell-to-cell adhesion and cellularity, along with abnormal nucleus/cytoplasm ratio were the most common findings in impression cytology after use of interferon alpha-2b. These findings are similar to those described for use of mitomycin C 0.02%. ..
RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever os achados em citologia de impressão de conjuntiva sadia de coelho submetida ao uso de colírio de interferon alfa-2b e compará-los ao que foi encontrado após uso da mitomicina C 0,02%. Métodos: Estudo experimental realizado em modelo animal no período entre setembro de 2013 e outubro de 2014 nas dependências da Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, da Universidade Federal de São Paulo e da Clínica de Olhos Moacir Cunha. Trinta coelhos albinos da raça Nova Zelândia foram divididos em seis grupos e receberam interferon alfa-2b ou mitomicina C. A citologia de impressão foi realizada antes do início dos colírios e após 15, 30, 60 dias de seu uso. As seguintes variáveis foram analisadas na citologia de impressão: células caliciformes, celularidade, adesão intercelular, razão núcleo/citoplasma, cromatina, células inflamatórias, queratinização e citomegalia. Resultados: Os principais achados na citologia de impressão após o uso do interferon alfa-2b foram a redução de células caliciformes (50,8%), a diminuição da adesão intercelular (26,2%), a alteração da razão N/C (20%) e a redução da celularidade (15,4%). Após o uso da mitomicina C 0,02%, foram mais frequentes a redução das células caliciformes (46,2%), a alteração da razão N/C (25,6%), a adesão intercelular (23,1%) e a redução da celularidade (20,5%). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante para nenhuma das variáveis estudas quando se compararam as citologias de impressão após interferon alfa-2b com as citologias de impressão após mitomicina C 0,02%. Independentemente da substância utilizada, as citologias colhidas 30 e 60 dias após início das drogas apresentaram maior redução de células caliciformes quando comparadas com as citologias de impressão colhidas após 15 dias. Conclusão: A redução das células caliciformes, a diminuição da adesão intercelular, a alteração da razão N/C e a diminuição da celularidade foram as alterações mais frequentes na citologia de impressão colhida após o uso de interferon alfa-2b. Os achados em citologias de impressão após o uso de interferon alfa-2b são semelhantes àqueles encontrados após o uso da mitomicina C 0,02%.
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Animales , Conejos , Mitomicina/farmacología , Conjuntiva/citología , Córnea/citología , Interferón alfa-2/farmacología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Celulosa , Técnicas Citológicas , Mitomicina/uso terapéutico , Conjuntiva/efectos de los fármacos , Conjuntiva/ultraestructura , Neoplasias de la Conjuntiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula , Córnea/efectos de los fármacos , Córnea/ultraestructura , Citodiagnóstico/métodos , Interferón alfa-2/uso terapéutico , Filtros MicroporosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Malignant lesions of the eyelid are the most common eye cancers. Although rarely lethal, late diagnosis can lead to serious visual morbidity. Definitive diagnosis of neoplastic lesions is pathological. Indications and types of eyelid lesions in a single high-volume ophthalmic reference center in Sao Paulo, Brazil, were analyzed. METHODS: The surgical pathological reports of patients who underwent eye removal procedures between January 2000 and December 2012 were retrieved from the electronic database of the Ophthalmology Department and retrospectively reviewed. Data regarding the final anatomopathological diagnosis, sex, and age were analyzed via the χ2 test with Yates' correction. RESULTS: Of the 1,113 eyelid tumors resected over the 13-year study period, 324 (29%) lesions were malignant. The most prevalent lesions were basal cell, squamous cell, and sebaceous gland carcinomas. The median ages of patients (females, n=165, 51%; males, n=159, 49%) with a diagnosis of basal cell, squamous cell, and sebaceous gland carcinomas were 65, 75, and 70 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: This is the largest retrospective cohort analysis of eyelid tumors in a Latin American population. These findings are in agreement with those from large centers in other countries and regions.
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Carcinoma/epidemiología , Neoplasias de los Párpados/epidemiología , Anciano , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Melanoma/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Distribución por SexoRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Purpose: Malignant lesions of the eyelid are the most common eye cancers. Although rarely lethal, late diagnosis can lead to serious visual morbidity. Definitive diagnosis of neoplastic lesions is pathological. Indications and types of eyelid lesions in a single high-volume ophthalmic reference center in Sao Paulo, Brazil, were analyzed. Methods: The surgical pathological reports of patients who underwent eye removal procedures between January 2000 and December 2012 were retrieved from the electronic database of the Ophthalmology Department and retrospectively reviewed. Data regarding the final anatomopathological diagnosis, sex, and age were analyzed via the χ2 test with Yates' correction. Results: Of the 1,113 eyelid tumors resected over the 13-year study period, 324 (29%) lesions were malignant. The most prevalent lesions were basal cell, squamous cell, and sebaceous gland carcinomas. The median ages of patients (females, n=165, 51%; males, n=159, 49%) with a diagnosis of basal cell, squamous cell, and sebaceous gland carcinomas were 65, 75, and 70 years, respectively. Conclusion: This is the largest retrospective cohort analysis of eyelid tumors in a Latin American population. These findings are in agreement with those from large centers in other countries and regions.
RESUMO Objetivo: As lesões malignas de pálpebras são os cânceres oftalmológicos mais frequentes. Embora raramente letal, o diagnóstico tardio pode levar a diversas complicações severas e a uma alta taxa de morbidade visual. O diagnóstico definitivo de lesões neoplásicas é patológico. No presente estudo, revisamos casos de um único centro de referência oftalmológica de maior volume em São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: Avaliação retrospectiva de todos os tumores palpebrais operados entre os anos de 2000 e 2012 no Departamento de Oftalmologia. Dados incluindo diagnóstico anatomopatológico final, sexo e idade - foram analisados através do método χ2 YATES. Resultados: Dentre os 1.113 tumores palpebrais ressecados no período de estudo de 13 anos, 324 (29%) dos pacientes com lesões únicas eram malignas. A lesão mais prevalente foi Carcinoma Basocelular (CBC), seguido por carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) e carcinoma de células sebáceas (CCS). A média da idade dos pacientes com diagnóstico de CBC, CCS e CEC foi 65, 75 e 70 respectivamente distribuídos entre 165 (51%) mulheres e 159 (49%) homens. Conclusão: Essa é a maior análise de coorte retrospectivo de tumores palpebrais da América Latina. Nossos achados estão de acordo com outros grandes centros de outros países e continentes.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Carcinoma/epidemiología , Neoplasias de los Párpados/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Incidencia , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Distribución por Sexo , Melanoma/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To review long time treatment results in patients with small or medium sized choroidal melanoma who underwent surgical tumor endoresection as a primary treatment when plaque radiotherapy was unable and patients declined enucleation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients were evaluated for best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and underwent biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, retinography and ultrasound as well as the usual systemic workup. Study inclusion required the absence of scleral invasion or metastasis and an anterior margin not exceeding the pars plana or the ciliary body. Surgery consisted of a clear lens phacoemulsification with a PC-IOL, and a 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with anterior vitreous shave, lesional choroidal endodiathermy, followed by 23-gauge probe tumor endoresection and continuous endolaser. Patients were followed at post-operative 1 day, 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months and then every 6 months with a complete ophthalmological exam including ultrasound biomicroscopy and systemic follow-up at 3, 6 and every 6 months thereafter. RESULTS: Fourteen patients with choroidal melanoma were included the study. Pre-operative BCVA ranged from 20/20 to hand motion (HM): 20/20 (n = 2); 20/60 (n = 1); and HM (n = 10). Pathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of uveal melanoma in all cases. Mean follow-up was 54.5 months (45-66 months) with a final BCVA ranging from 20/60 to HM: 20/60 (n = 1); 20/60 to 20/200 (n = 10); and HM (n = 2). The eye retention rate in our study was 100%. No intraocular recurrence was observed. One patient died 12 months after surgery from metastatic disease. CONCLUSION: Endoresection appears to be an acceptable alternative to enucleation for the treatment of posteriorly-localized uveal melanoma, with excellent local control and eye salvage rates.
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PURPOSE:: To analyze the indications and types of eye removal at Latin America's highest-volume ophthalmic reference center in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS:: A retrospective analysis was conducted of surgical pathological reports in the electronic database of the Ophthalmology Department of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo Hospital of patients who underwent eye-removal procedures between January 2000 and December 2012. RESULTS:: A total of 412 cases met the inclusion criteria for this study. The most common indications for eye removal were ocular melanoma and retinoblastoma, representing 35.4% and 31.1% of the total cases, respectively. Other frequent indications included endophthalmitis (6.3%), nonspecific inflammation (4.1%), squamous cell carcinoma (3.6%), panophthalmitis (3.4%), and phthisis bulbi (1.2%). The remaining indications accounted for 14.8% of all cases, with each accounting for <1% of the total cases. Enucleation was the most common eye-removal procedure seen in our study. CONCLUSIONS:: The two most common indications for eye removal were ocular melanoma and retinoblastoma. Alternative treatment options are effective in limiting the need for eye removal but are constrained by our public center's so cioeconomic context.
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Enucleación del Ojo/estadística & datos numéricos , Evisceración del Ojo/estadística & datos numéricos , Neoplasias del Ojo/cirugía , Oftalmología/estadística & datos numéricos , Derivación y Consulta/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Melanoma/cirugía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Retinoblastoma/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Distribución por Sexo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Purpose: To analyze the indications and types of eye removal at Latin America's highest-volume ophthalmic reference center in São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of surgical pathological reports in the electronic database of the Ophthalmology Department of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo Hospital of patients who underwent eye-removal procedures between January 2000 and December 2012. Results: A total of 412 cases met the inclusion criteria for this study. The most common indications for eye removal were ocular melanoma and retinoblastoma, representing 35.4% and 31.1% of the total cases, respectively. Other frequent indications included endophthalmitis (6.3%), nonspecific inflammation (4.1%), squamous cell carcinoma (3.6%), panophthalmitis (3.4%), and phthisis bulbi (1.2%). The remaining indications accounted for 14.8% of all cases, with each accounting for <1% of the total cases. Enucleation was the most common eye-removal procedure seen in our study. Conclusions: The two most common indications for eye removal were ocular melanoma and retinoblastoma. Alternative treatment options are effective in limiting the need for eye removal but are constrained by our public center's so cioeconomic context.
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os tipos e indicações para a remoção dos olhos no maior centro de referência oftalmológica da América Latina em São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: Revisão retrospectiva de laudos cirúrgico patológico em uma base de dados eletrônica do Departamento de Oftalmologia do Hospital da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Foram analisados pacientes submetidos ao procedimento de remoção oftálmica no período de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2012. Resultados: Um total de 412 casos estiveram de acordo com os critérios de inclusão desse estudo. A indicação mais comum para remoção oftálmica foi Melanoma ocular e Retinoblastoma, representando, respectivamente, 35,4% e 31,1% do total de casos. Outras indicações frequentes incluíam Endoftalmite 6,3%, Inflamação inespecífica 4,1%, Carcinoma escamocelular 3,6%, Panoftalmite 3,4% e Phthisis Bulbi 1,2%. O restante das indicações totalizaram 14,8% de todos os casos, sendo que cada um correspondem com menos de 1% do total. Enucleação foi o procedimento de remoção oftálmica mais comum observado em nosso estudo. Conclusão: As duas indicações mais frequentes para remoção oftálmica no centro oftalmológico de referência do Brasil foi melanoma e retinoblastoma. Opções terapêuticas alternativas são efetivas para limitar a necessidade da remoção ocular, porém são restritos devido ao contexto socioeconômico de nossa população.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Adulto Joven , Oftalmología/estadística & datos numéricos , Derivación y Consulta/estadística & datos numéricos , Enucleación del Ojo/estadística & datos numéricos , Evisceración del Ojo/estadística & datos numéricos , Neoplasias del Ojo/cirugía , Retinoblastoma/cirugía , Brasil , Estudios Retrospectivos , Distribución por Sexo , Distribución por Edad , Melanoma/cirugíaRESUMEN
Impression cytology (IC) has been widely used as a method for evaluating the ocular surface and superficial cells layers in the diagnosis and follow-up after treatment of several ocular surface tumors of both epithelial and melanocytic origin. Information regarding this can be found in the English-language literature since 1992. Using either cellulose acetate or Biopore membranes for specimen collection, a high correlation has been found between IC and tissue histology. Compared with exfoliative cytology with spatula, IC is less traumatic to the patient's eye, provides a precise location of the area being studied, and allows accurate observation of the cells the way they exist in vivo. The additional advantage of IC is the preservation of limbal stem cells responsible for continuous corneal epithelium renewal; these can be affected after incisional or excisional biopsy at the corneoscleral limbus, which is the most frequent site of appearance of tumors in the stratified epithelium. Treatment for ocular surface squamous neoplasia has historically included surgery, but nonsurgical interventions have also been adopted. Hence, in certain cases, ophthalmologists may prefer interventions less invasive than surgical biopsy such as of impression cytology for both initial diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of treatment for ocular surface lesions. Nevertheless, it should be considered that IC may be less helpful if the results conflict with the clinical picture or if the clinical diagnosis is uncertain and results are negative. In such cases, surgical biopsy is required for accurate diagnosis. The purpose of this review is to examine the published literature on the utilization of IC for the diagnosis and management of ocular surface tumors and to discuss the requirement for further investigation on the subject.
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Biopsia/métodos , Neoplasias del Ojo/patología , Ojo/patología , Melanoma/patología , Conjuntiva/patología , Células Epiteliales/patología , Humanos , Nevo/patología , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
Impression cytology (IC) has been widely used as a method for evaluating the ocular surface and superficial cells layers in the diagnosis and follow-up after treatment of several ocular surface tumors of both epithelial and melanocytic origin. Information regarding this can be found in the English-language literature since 1992. Using either cellulose acetate or Biopore membranes for specimen collection, a high correlation has been found between IC and tissue histology. Compared with exfoliative cytology with spatula, IC is less traumatic to the patient’s eye, provides a precise location of the area being studied, and allows accurate observation of the cells the way they exist in vivo. The additional advantage of IC is the preservation of limbal stem cells responsible for continuous corneal epithelium renewal; these can be affected after incisional or excisional biopsy at the corneoscleral limbus, which is the most frequent site of appearance of tumors in the stratified epithelium. Treatment for ocular surface squamous neoplasia has historically included surgery, but nonsurgical interventions have also been adopted. Hence, in certain cases, ophthalmologists may prefer interventions less invasive than surgical biopsy such as of impression cytology for both initial diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of treatment for ocular surface lesions. Nevertheless, it should be considered that IC may be less helpful if the results conflict with the clinical picture or if the clinical diagnosis is uncertain and results are negative. In such cases, surgical biopsy is required for accurate diagnosis. The purpose of this review is to examine the published literature on the utilization of IC for the diagnosis and management of ocular surface tumors and to discuss the requirement for further investigation on the subject.
A citologia de impressão (CI) tem sido amplamente utilizada como um método de avaliação da superfície ocular e das camadas de células superficiais no diagnóstico e no seguimento após tratamento de vários tumores da superfície ocular de origem epitelial ou melanocítica. As informações podem sem encontradas na literatura em língua inglesa desde 1992. Utilizando-se de membranas de acetato de celulose ou Biopore na coleta dos espécimes, uma alta correlação tem sido encontrada entre a CI e a histologia do tecido. Comparando-se com a citologia esfoliativa, a citologia de impressão é menos traumática para o olho do paciente, fornece uma localização precisa da área estudada e permite ver as células da forma como elas organizam-se in vivo. A vantagem adicional da citologia de impressão é a preservação das células- tronco germinativas responsáveis pela renovação contínua do epitélio da córnea. Elas podem ser afetadas após biópsia cirúrgica na região do limbo que é o sítio mais frequentemente acometido pelos tumores do epitélio estratificado. O tratamento para a neoplasia escamosa da superfície ocular tem sido historicamente a cirurgia, mas intervenções não cirúrgicas também foram adotadas. Por esta razão, em certos casos, oftalmologistas podem recorrer a formas menos invasivas que a biópsia cirúrgica (como a citologia de impressão) tanto para o diagnóstico inicial quanto para o monitoramento terapêutico das lesões da superfície ocular. No entanto, deve-se ter em mente que a citologia de impressão deixa de ser útil quando seu resultado não coincide com o quadro clínico ou quando o diagnóstico clínico é incerto e o resultado da citologia de impressão negativo. Nesses casos, a biópsia cirúrgica deve ser realizada para o diagnóstico. O objetivo desta revisão é examinar a literatura sobre a utilização da citologia de impressão no diagnóstico e tratamento dos tumores da superfície ocular bem como discutir a necessidade de uma investigação mais aprofundada sobre o assunto.
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Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Brotes de Enfermedades , Contaminación de Equipos , Control de Infecciones , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/epidemiología , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Trazado de Contacto , Infección Hospitalaria/prevención & control , Infección Hospitalaria/transmisión , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Francia , Fómites/microbiología , Glicopéptidos/farmacología , Hospitales Universitarios , Oximetría/instrumentación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/prevención & control , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/transmisión , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Purpose: To evaluate the agreement between the methodologies of impression cytology (IC) and histopathology regarding epithelial lesions clinically diagnosed as pterygium and also regarding the detection of unsuspected and associated ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). Methods: Thirty-two Brazilian patients were included and IC was performed on all pterygia before excision. Histopathogical examination was considered the gold standard and was performed by two experienced ocular pathologists in which consensus existed regarding pterygia diagnosis. IC accuracy was assessed by sensitivity and specificity with a 95% confidence interval. Results: From the 32 primary lesions studied, histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of pterygium without atypical cells in 19 cases (60%) and showed unsuspected and associated OSSN cells in 13 cases (40%). IC demonstrated one false-negative and one false-positive result for atypia. Statistical analysis showed an estimated sensitivity of 92%, specificity of 94%, positive predictive value of 92%, and negative predictive value of 94%. Conclusion: IC demonstrated high agreement with histopathological analysis in the detection of atypical epithelial cells in unsuspected OSSN in Brazilian pterygia patients.
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PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of amniotic membrane in reducing inflammation, fibrosis, adhesion formation, and ocular motility restrictions following strabismus surgery. METHODS: In the first stage of this prospective, randomized study, 17 rabbits underwent superior rectus muscle recession in both eyes. Surgery was performed in the same manner, but human amniotic membrane was placed over the muscle without sutures in the right eye after recession. After 15 days, the rabbits were killed and their orbits were exenterated and evaluated histopathologically to quantify tissue inflammation and fibrosis. In the second stage, 5 rabbits underwent the same procedure but were killed after 30 days. A dynamometer was used to measure the force required to displace all eyes. RESULTS: At 15 days postoperatively, eyes with amniotic membrane exhibited an increased inflammatory response and less fibrosis than eyes without amniotic membrane. At 30 days postoperatively, eyes with amniotic membrane continued to exhibit increased inflammation and less fibrosis than eyes without amniotic membrane. In the dynamometer test, more force was needed to displace eyes without amniotic membrane after 15 days, but there was no significant difference between the forces required at 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: Human amniotic membrane in rabbits led to an increase in the inflammatory process and a decrease in fibrosis formation following strabismus surgery.
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Amnios/trasplante , Apósitos Biológicos , Músculos Oculomotores/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Oftalmológicos , Enfermedades de la Esclerótica/prevención & control , Estrabismo/cirugía , Animales , Fibrosis/prevención & control , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Conejos , Adherencias Tisulares/prevención & control , Cicatrización de HeridasRESUMEN
Purpose: To evaluate the agreement between the methodologies of impression cytology (IC) and histopathology regarding epithelial lesions clinically diagnosed as pterygium and also regarding the detection of unsuspected and associated ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). Methods: Thirty-two Brazilian patients were included and IC was performed on all pterygia before excision. Histopathogical examination was considered the gold standard and was performed by two experienced ocular pathologists in which consensus existed regarding pterygia diagnosis. IC accuracy was assessed by sensitivity and specificity with a 95% confidence interval. Results: From the 32 primary lesions studied, histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of pterygium without atypical cells in 19 cases (60%) and showed unsuspected and associated OSSN cells in 13 cases (40%). IC demonstrated one false-negative and one false-positive result for atypia. Statistical analysis showed an estimated sensitivity of 92%, specificity of 94%, positive predictive value of 92%, and negative predictive value of 94%. Conclusion: IC demonstrated high agreement with histopathological analysis in the detection of atypical epithelial cells in unsuspected OSSN in Brazilian pterygia patients. .
Objetivo: Avaliar a concordância entre a citologia de impressão (CI) e os achados histopatológicos de lesões epiteliais clinicamente diagnosticadas como pterígio, no que tange a detecção de células de neoplasia escamosa da superfície ocular (NESO) insuspeita associada. Métodos: Trinta e dois pacientes brasileiros foram incluídos e a CI foi obtida de todos os pterígios antes da excisão. O exame histopatológico foi realizado por dois patologistas oculares experientes em consenso de opinião e considerado o padrão-ouro para o diagnóstico. A acurácia da CI foi avaliada pela sensibilidade e especificidade com intervalo de confiança de 95% Resultados: Das 32 lesões estudadas, o exame histopatológico confirmou o diagnóstico de pterígio sem atipia em 19 casos (60%) e mostrou células de NESO insuspeita associada em 13 espécimes (40%). A CI demonstrou um resultado falso-positivo e um falso-negativo para atipia. A análise estatística mostrou uma sensibilidade estimada de 92%, especificidade de 94%, valor preditivo positivo de 92% e valor preditivo negativo de 94%. Conclusão: A CI apresentou alta concordância com o estudo histopatológico na detecção de células epiteliais atípicas de NESO insuspeita em pterígios do Brasil. .
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Pterigion , Limbo de la Córnea , Conjuntiva , Córnea , Neoplasias del Ojo , Técnicas CitológicasRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the ocular surface toxicity of two nitric oxide donors in ex vivo and in vivo animal models: S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (SNAC) in a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) matrix at final concentrations 1.0 and 10.0 mM. METHODS: Ex vivo GSNO and SNAC toxicities were clinically and histologically analyzed using freshly excised pig eyeballs. In vivo experiments were performed with 20 albino rabbits which were randomized into 4 groups (5 animals each): Groups 1 and 2 received instillations of 150 µL of aqueous HPMC solution containing GSNO 1.0 and 10.0 mM, respectively, in one of the eyes; Groups 3 and 4 received instillations of 150 µL of aqueous HPMC solution-containing SNAC 1.0 and 10.0 mM, respectively, in one of the eyes. The contralateral eyes in each group received aqueous HPMC as a control. All animals underwent clinical evaluation on a slit lamp and the eyes were scored according to a modified Draize eye test and were histologically analyzed. RESULTS: Pig eyeballs showed no signs of perforation, erosion, corneal opacity or other gross damage. These findings were confirmed by histological analysis. There was no difference between control and treated rabbit eyes according to the Draize eye test score in all groups (p>0.05). All formulations showed a mean score under 1 and were classified as "non-irritating". There was no evidence of tissue toxicity in the histological analysis in all animals. CONCLUSION: Aqueous HPMC solutions containing GSNO and SNAC at concentrations up to 10.0 mM do not induce ocular irritation.
Asunto(s)
Acetilcisteína/análogos & derivados , Ojo/efectos de los fármacos , Donantes de Óxido Nítrico/toxicidad , S-Nitrosoglutatión/toxicidad , Acetilcisteína/administración & dosificación , Acetilcisteína/toxicidad , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ojo/patología , Instilación de Medicamentos , Masculino , Donantes de Óxido Nítrico/administración & dosificación , Conejos , Distribución Aleatoria , S-Nitrosoglutatión/administración & dosificación , PorcinosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the ocular surface toxicity of two nitric oxide donors in ex vivo and in vivo animal models: S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (SNAC) in a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) matrix at final concentrations 1.0 and 10.0 mM. METHODS: Ex vivo GSNO and SNAC toxicities were clinically and histologically analyzed using freshly excised pig eyeballs. In vivo experiments were performed with 20 albino rabbits which were randomized into 4 groups (5 animals each): Groups 1 and 2 received instillations of 150 µL of aqueous HPMC solution containing GSNO 1.0 and 10.0 mM, respectively, in one of the eyes; Groups 3 and 4 received instillations of 150 µL of aqueous HPMC solution-containing SNAC 1.0 and 10.0 mM, respectively, in one of the eyes. The contralateral eyes in each group received aqueous HPMC as a control. All animals underwent clinical evaluation on a slit lamp and the eyes were scored according to a modified Draize eye test and were histologically analyzed. RESULTS: Pig eyeballs showed no signs of perforation, erosion, corneal opacity or other gross damage. These findings were confirmed by histological analysis. There was no difference between control and treated rabbit eyes according to the Draize eye test score in all groups (p>0.05). All formulations showed a mean score under 1 and were classified as "non-irritating". There was no evidence of tissue toxicity in the histological analysis in all animals. CONCLUSION: Aqueous HPMC solutions containing GSNO and SNAC at concentrations up to 10.0 mM do not induce ocular irritation.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a toxidade na superfície ocular de dois compostos doadores de óxido nítrico em modelos ex vivo e in vivo: S-nitrosoglutationa (GSNO) e S-nitroso-N-acetilcisteína (SNAC), em uma matriz de hidroxipropil metilcelulose (HPMC) nas concentrações finais de 1,0 and 10,0 mM. MÉTODOS: As toxicidades de GSNO e SNAC foram avaliadas clinicamente e histologicamente em modelo ex vivo usando globos oculares porcinos recém excisados. Experimentos in vivo foram realizados com 20 coelhos albinos que foram randomizados em 4 grupos (5 animais em cada): Os grupos 1 e 2 receberam instilações de 150 µL de solução aquosa de HPMC contendo GSNO 1,0 e 10,0 mM, respectivamente, em um dos olhos; Os grupos 3 e 4 receberam instilações de 150 µL de solução aquosa de HPMC contendo SNAC 1,0 and 10,0 mM, respectivamente, em um dos olhos. Os olhos contralaterias em cada grupo receberam solução aquosa de HPMC como controle. Todos os animais foram clinicamente avaliados em lâmpada de fenda e os olhos foram pontuados de acordo com o teste de Draize modificado e analisados histologicamente. RESULTADOS: Os globos oculares porcinos não apresentaram sinais de perfuração, erosão, opacidade da córnea ou outros danos graves. Esses resultados foram confirmados pela análise histológica. Não houve diferença entre os olhos dos coelhos tratados e controles de acordo com a pontuação do teste de Draize em todos os grupos (p>0,05). Todas as formulações apresentaram um escore médio menor do que 1 e foram classificadas como "não-irritantes". Não houve evidência de toxicidade tecidual nas análises histológicas em todos os animais. CONCLUSÃO: Soluções aquosas de HPMC contendo GSNO e SNAC em concentrações até 10,0 mM não induzem irritação ocular.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Conejos , Acetilcisteína/análogos & derivados , Ojo/efectos de los fármacos , Donantes de Óxido Nítrico/toxicidad , S-Nitrosoglutatión/toxicidad , Acetilcisteína/administración & dosificación , Acetilcisteína/toxicidad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ojo/patología , Instilación de Medicamentos , Donantes de Óxido Nítrico/administración & dosificación , Distribución Aleatoria , S-Nitrosoglutatión/administración & dosificación , PorcinosRESUMEN
Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid is a very rare slow-growing tumor and is considered an aggressive eyelid neoplasm. It can reach mortality rate of about 6 percent. Diagnosis is often delayed because of its ability to masquerade as other periocular lesions, both clinically and histologically. We present three cases of sebaceous carcinoma, with different surgical outcomes, showing the importance of early diagnosis.
Carcinoma sebáceo é um tumor raro de crescimento lento considerado uma das mais agressivas neoplasias palpebrais. Pode alcançar taxa de mortalidade de aproximadamente 6 por cento. O diagnóstico tardio é comum devido a sua habilidade de se confundir com outras lesões perioculares tanto clinicamente quanto histologicamente. Relatamos três casos de carcinoma sebáceo da pálpebra com diferentes resultados cirúrgicos, enfatizando a importância do diagnóstico precoce.
Asunto(s)
Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adenocarcinoma Sebáceo , Neoplasias de los Párpados , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Sebáceas , Adenocarcinoma Sebáceo/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma Sebáceo/cirugía , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Neoplasias de los Párpados/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de los Párpados/cirugía , Párpados/cirugía , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Sebáceas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Sebáceas/cirugía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid is a very rare slow-growing tumor and is considered an aggressive eyelid neoplasm. It can reach mortality rate of about 6%. Diagnosis is often delayed because of its ability to masquerade as other periocular lesions, both clinically and histologically. We present three cases of sebaceous carcinoma, with different surgical outcomes, showing the importance of early diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma Sebáceo , Neoplasias de los Párpados , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Sebáceas , Adenocarcinoma Sebáceo/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma Sebáceo/cirugía , Anciano , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Neoplasias de los Párpados/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de los Párpados/cirugía , Párpados/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Sebáceas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Sebáceas/cirugía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy, recurrence rate, and long-term complications of topical mitomycin C (MMC) 0.02% for conjunctival-corneal intraepithelial neoplasia (CCIN). METHODS: A prospective, nonrandomized, noncontrolled study was conducted of patients with primary or recurrent CCIN treated with topical MMC 0.02%, four times per day, for 28 consecutive days. The main outcome measures were complete resolution of the neoplasia by slit-lamp examination and cytology 1 month after treatment, tumor recurrence, and long-term complications. RESULTS: Between June 1999 and September 2005, 23 patients were included. Eighteen had primary CCIN (group 1) and 5 had recurrent CCIN (group 2). The mean follow-up was 46 months in group 1 and 54 months in group 2. All patients were treated with MMC 0.02% for 28 consecutive days. Complete resolution of the lesion was achieved in all patients after 1 month of treatment. Recurrence occurred in 1 patient (4.3%) after 24 months of treatment. Four patients developed corneal erosion (17.4%), 2 of them with primary CCIN and 2 with recurrent CCIN. Corneal erosion occurred 4 to 24 months after treatment and was treated successfully. The probability for corneal erosions by the log-rank test was equal for both groups (p = 0.1705). CONCLUSIONS: The use of topical MMC 0.02% for 28 consecutive days to treat primary or recurrent CCIN was effective and showed a low recurrence rate. Corneal erosion occurred in 17.4% of cases and can occur as late as 24 months after treatment.
Asunto(s)
Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Carcinoma in Situ/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Conjuntiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de la Córnea/tratamiento farmacológico , Mitomicina/administración & dosificación , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biopsia , Carcinoma in Situ/patología , Neoplasias de la Conjuntiva/patología , Enfermedades de la Córnea/patología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Neoplasias del Ojo/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias del Ojo/patología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Soluciones Oftálmicas , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To report the impression cytology features of conjunctival nevi reported as more noticeable. METHODS: 35 patients who reported that a conjunctival lesion had become more noticeable after color or size change were enrolled. On slit-lamp examination, a clinical diagnosis of nevus was made and lesions underwent impression cytology using acetate cellulose strips and a combined staining with PAS, H&E and Papanicolaou. At patient's or parents' request, excision of the lesion was performed and the tissue was submitted to histopathological study. RESULTS: Impression cytology examination revealed nests or cluster of nevus cells within the epithelium layer containing or not mucous-secreting goblet cells in 32 cases (91.4%). Ten patients (28.5%) had the tumor removed and histopathological diagnosis was compound nevus in 8 eyes (1 from caruncle, 1 from plica semilunaris and 6 from bulbar conjunctiva) and subepithelial nevus from bulbar conjunctiva (2 eyes). CONCLUSION: Optical microscopy analysis of the impression cytology specimens confirmed the clinical diagnosis by demonstrating typical histopathological features of the superficial layers from conjunctival nevi in 91.4% of the cases. For amelanotic nevi IC can also allow a differential diagnosis from other nonpigmented lesions. The technique does not replace histopathological examination, but additionally, may assist in evaluating nevus cells in children and adults.