RESUMEN
Sonneratia caseolaris is a native mangrove species found in China. It is fast growing and highly adaptable for mangrove afforestation, but suffered great damage by chilling event once introduced to high latitude area. To understand the response mechanisms under chilling stress, physiological and transcriptomic analyses were conducted. The relative electrolyte conductivity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, soluble sugar content and soluble protein content increased significantly under chilling stress. This indicated that S. caseolaris suffered great damage and increased the levels of osmoprotectants in response to the chilling stress. Gene expression comparison analysis of S. caseolaris leaves after 6 h of chilling stress was performed at the transcriptional scale using RNA-Seq. A total of 168,473 unigenes and 3,706 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that the DEGs were mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, antioxidant enzyme, plant hormone signal transduction, and transcription factors (TFs). Sixteen genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism, antioxidant enzyme, phytohormones and TFs were selected for qRT-PCR verification, and they indicated that the transcriptome data were reliable. Our work provided a comprehensive review of the chilling response of S. caseolaris at both physiological and transcriptomic levels, which will prove useful for further studies on stress-responses in mangrove plants.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic approaches and observe their effects on primary traumatic injuries in the brainstem. METHODS: A summary analysis of the therapeutic effects was carried out in 126 cases of primary traumas in the brainstem, most of which were given controlled ventilation at early stages of the injury, mild hypothermia, Ca(2+) antagonist and ganglioside GM1 therapy. RESULTS: Death occurred in 35 cases (27.78 %) within 2 weeks following brain trauma, mainly due to central respiratory failure. Six months after brain trauma, totally 50 deaths (39.68 %) occurred, with 12 cases (9.52 %) lapsing into vegetative state, 11 cases (8.73 %) severely disabled, 17 cases (13.40 %) moderately disabled, and 38 cases (30.16 %) enjoying favorable recovery. CONCLUSION: Controlled ventilation at early stages of the injury, mild hypothermia, Ca(2+) antagonist and GM1 therapy can immensely reduce the mortality and disability rate of patients with primary traumas in the brainstem.