RESUMEN
This article presents the results of a qualitative study conducted to understand the barriers and facilitators in implementing a pilot trial of Critical Time Intervention-Task-Shifting-a time-limited, community-based, recovery-oriented intervention for individuals with psychosis-in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and Santiago, Chile. Data included 40 semi-structured interviews with service users, task-shifting providers, and administrators. Analysis proceeded in three iterative phases and combined inductive and deductive approaches. Coding frameworks for implementation factors, and whether or not they acted as barriers and facilitators, were developed and refined using many domains and constructs from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Barriers and facilitators were ultimately grouped into five domains: 1-Personal; 2-Interpersonal; 3-Intervention; 4-Mental Health System; and 5-Contextual. A rating system was also developed and applied, which enabled comparisons across stakeholders and study sites. Major facilitators included intervention characteristics such as the roles of the task-shifting providers and community-based care. Top barriers included mental health stigma and community conditions (violence). Nevertheless, the findings suggest that Critical Time Intervention-Task-Shifting is largely acceptable and feasible, and could contribute to efforts to strengthen community mental health systems of care for individuals with psychosis in Latin America, especially in advancing the task-shifting strategy and the recovery-oriented approach.
RESUMEN
This paper described a community-based rehabilitation program in a remote region of Argentina. The program is located in Neuquén Province, in the Patagonia region. At the time it was initiated, about 20 years ago, the province had an excellent system of primary care, but one in which mental disorders were neglected. There were only a few psychiatrists in the province, and none involved in community care of people with severe mental disorders. Starting from this point, the "Austral" program was developed by making use of the local resources (such as primary care doctors) that were available, and it later earned a reputation as a model program.In 2012, Neuquén became a site of the RedeAmericas, a National Institute of Mental Health funded regional mental health network in Latin America.
Este artigo descreveu um programa comunitário de reabilitação baseado em uma região remota da Argentina. O mesmo está localizado na Província de Neuquén, na Patagônia. No momento em que foi iniciado, há aproximadamente 20 anos, tinha um excelente sistema de cuidados de saúde primários, mas no qual os transtornos mentais foram negligenciados. Havia apenas alguns psiquiatras na província, e nenhum estava envolvido com atendimento comunitário para pessoas com transtornos mentais graves. A partir desse ponto, o programa "Austral" desenvolveu-se por meio da utilização dos recursos locais (como os médicos de cuidados primários) que estavam disponíveis, e com o tempo ganhou reputação de programa modelo. Em 2012, Neuquén tornou-se sede da RedeAmericas, uma rede regional de saúde mental da América Latina financiada pelo governo dos Estados Unidos.