Regulatory roles of microRNA-21 in fibrosis through interaction with diverse pathways (Review).

MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is a small, non-coding RNA which can regulate gene expression at the post­transcriptional level. While the fibrogenic process is vital in tissue repair, proliferation and transition of fibrogenic cells combined with an imbalance of secretion and degradation of the extracellular matrix results in excessive tissue remodeling and fibrosis. Recent studies have indicated that miR­21 is overexpressed during fibrosis and can regulate the fibrogenic process in a variety of organs and tissues via diverse pathways. The present review summarized the significant roles of miR-21 in fibrosis and discussed the underlying key pathways.