Evaluation and comparison of antibacterial efficacy of different concentrations of Chhattisgarh herbal product-Terminalia chebula fruit extract in opposition to Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro study.

Due to the low cost, natural origin, higher safety margins, and little to negligible adverse effects of herbal medications, the use of plants and plant derivatives in medicine is becoming increasingly widespread. Terminalia chebula is among the most significant medicinal plants in ayurvedic, siddha, unani, and homeopathic remedies. It is ranked first in Ayurvedic material medicine. T. chebula has been shown to have established effects against various bacterial and fungal infections, including dental caries pathogens. In recent years, there has been a rise in interest in dentistry and medicine related to Enterococcus faecalis. The research aimed to assess the antibacterial effectiveness of different concentrations of T. chebula ethanolic fruit extract (10%, 40%, and 100%) in opposition to E. faecalis and compare it with 2% chlorhexidine. For the study, T. chebula ethanolic fruit extracts were obtained and prepared with Group I: -10% concentration, Group II: -40% concentration, Group III: -100% concentration, and Group IV: -2% chlorhexidine. Colonies of E. faecalis were cultivated in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth at 37°C and were inoculated in 16 BHI agar plates. Then, on the petri dishes, four wells were created (8 mm diameter) using a metal borer. The Agar well diffusion method was used to examine the antibacterial activity, and the zones of inhibition around the wells were noted. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests. The result shows that as the concentration increases, there is an increase in the efficacy of the antibacterial property of the extract before it reaches the saturation point. The decreasing order of antibacterial was chlorhexidine >100% T. chebula >40% T. chebula >10% T. chebula. The production of contemporary pharmaceuticals from T. chebula was addressed, as the global scenario is currently evolving toward using nontoxic plant products with traditional medicinal benefits.

Curvature height and distance of MB canal of mandibular molar with Schneider angle and its comparison with canal access angle.

AIM: To measure the proposed curvature height and distance of MB canal of mandibular molar with Schneider angle and its comparison with canal access angle both before and after instrumentation, and to compare among each other with multiple linear regression analysis. METHODOLOGY: One hundred human mandibular first and second molars were used for the study. After endodontic access, a size 10 k-file was placed in the mesiobuccal canal extending to the apical foramen and radiographs were taken by using Radiovisiography. Both Schneider and canal access angle with its respective linear counterpart (Curvature height and curvature distance) was measured and calculated by using PLANMECA romexis (Helsinki Finland) software connected to the Intraoral x-ray unit both before and after biomechanical preparation with mesiobuccal canal till size F2. Statistical analysis was done by using multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: A significant difference was observed between before and after enlargement with respect to Schneider angle and Canal access angle with a t-value being (t = 11.0629, p < 0.05) (t = 10.5773, p < 0.05) for before and after enlargement of canals respectively. Percent of change is observed more with curvature height (29.62%) as compared with the curvature distance (8.87%). CONCLUSIONS: Schneider angle with its proposed curvature height and distance reduced after instrumentation. Whereas canal access angle decreased and its curvature height and distance have increased after instrumentation.

Traumatic dental injury-an enigma for adolescents: a series of case reports.

Coronal fractures of permanent dentition are the most frequent type of dental injury. Fractured anterior teeth are usually treated with conventional post and core and crown techniques, after being treated endodontically. If the original tooth fragment is retained following fracture, the natural tooth structures can be reattached using adhesive protocols. Fiber-reinforced post makes the reattachment of the crown esthetically possible with minimal preparation and reduces the possibility of tooth fracture during function. This paper presents the therapeutic approach of reattachment of crown fragment to the tooth at the cervical and middle third levels.

An Unusual Mishap during Root Canal Access in Retreatment Case.

Varieties of objects have been introduced into the root canal system accidentally or intentionally; removal of these objects necessitates the success of the treatment. This paper explains an unusual bur fracture during nonsurgical endodontic treatment and its removal by ultrasonic energy with ease and without the removal of extra large amount of root dentin.