Spontaneous regression of lumbar disc herniation: four cases report and review of the literature.

Spontaneous regression of lumbar disc herniation refers to shrinkage or disappearance of herniated nucleus pulposus without invasive surgical treatments. This phenomenon has been reported and is supported by improved clinical symptoms and radiographic after conservative treatment, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This article reports 4 cases of disc reabsorption and reviews the distribution of several clinical and radiographic factors of disc herniation reabsorption of total 46 patients, including the four from our study, gathered from 28 recent publications. Some of these factors are present with anomalous distributions. But some factors have similar deviations in patients with lumbar disc herniation. Therefore, more research is needed to explore the correlation between those factors and disc reabsorption.

Corrigendum: Efficacy and executive function of solution-focused brief therapy on adolescent depression.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1246986.].

Efficacy and executive function of solution-focused brief therapy on adolescent depression.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and impact on executive function of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) in treating Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in adolescents. Methods: A total of 129 adolescents diagnosed with MDD were enrolled in the study. Out of these, 28 adolescents were assigned to the SFBT group, while 25 were part of the Active Control group (AC group), receiving psychodynamic psychotherapy. Executive function, depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed at baseline, at the time of the third intervention, the sixth intervention, and the 10th intervention. Results: After the third intervention, the scores of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) of the participants in the SFBT group decreased significantly, which had the cumulative effect at the 6th and 10th interventions. The verbal fluency task (VFT) performances of the SFBT group participants yielded significantly higher scores after the third intervention and remained increasing at the 6th and 10th interventions. The AC group steadily decreased after the intervention. Analysis of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data revealed a progressive and significant increase in the average oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb) levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in the SFBT group compared to the AC group after the 10th intervention. Conclusions: SFBT might improve depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as executive function of adolescent depression. Clinical trial registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2300067909.

The overall quality of evidence of recommendations surrounding nutrition and diet in inflammatory bowel disease.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Recently, there has been an increased focus on the role nutrition and diet play in maintaining health in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to assess the overall quality, strength, and transparency of conflicts among guidelines on nutrition/diet in IBD. METHODS: A systematic search was performed on multiple databases from inception until January 1, 2021, to identify guidelines pertaining to nutrition or diet in IBD. All guidelines were reviewed for disclosure of conflicts of interest (COI) and funding, recommendation quality and strength, external document review, patient representation, and plans for update-as per Institute of Medicine (IOM) standards. In addition, recommendations and their quality were compared between guidelines/societies.​ RESULTS: Seventeen distinct societies and a total of 228 recommendations were included. Not all guidelines provided recommendations on key aspects of diet-such as the role of supplements or the appropriate micro/macro nutrition in IBD. Fifty-nine percent of guidelines reported on COI, 24% underwent external review, and 41% included patient representation. 18.4%, 25.9%, and 55.7% of recommendations were based on high-, moderate-, and low-quality evidence, respectively. 10.5%, 24.6%, and 64.9% of recommendations were strong, weak/conditional, and did not provide a strength, respectively. The proportion of high-quality evidence (p = 0.12) and strong recommendations (p = 0.83) did not significantly differ across societies. CONCLUSIONS: Many guidelines do not provide recommendations on key aspects of diet/nutrition in IBD. As over 50% of recommendations are based on low-quality evidence, further studies on nutrition/diet in IBD are warranted to improve the overall quality of evidence.