RESUMEN
Establishing a definitive diagnosis between benign enchondroma versus low-grade chondrosarcoma presents a potential challenge to both clinicians and pathologists. microRNAs (small non-coding RNAs) have proven to be effective biomarkers for the identification of tumors and tumor progression. We present analysis, both array and quantitative PCR, that shows consistently and substantially increased expression of two microRNAs, miRs-181a and -138, in low-grade chondrosarcomas compared with enchondromas. The data suggest these microRNAs would provide an analytical distinction between the chondrosarcoma and benign neoplasms that can be performed in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens. Together with recent publications, these data indicate that miRs-181a and -138 also play a role in tumor development and homeostasis and may provide new targets for the development of much needed therapeutic intervention.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor , Condroma , Condrosarcoma , MicroARNs , ARN Neoplásico , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biomarcadores de Tumor/biosíntesis , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Condroma/diagnóstico , Condroma/genética , Condroma/metabolismo , Condroma/patología , Condrosarcoma/diagnóstico , Condrosarcoma/genética , Condrosarcoma/metabolismo , Condrosarcoma/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , MicroARNs/biosíntesis , MicroARNs/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , ARN Neoplásico/biosíntesis , ARN Neoplásico/genéticaRESUMEN
Primary meningeal gliomas are rare tumors composed of a heterogeneous group of neoplasms. We present 2 clinically aggressive cases of primary meningeal pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma that clinically mimicked meningioma. One case presented in the posterior fossa of a 56-year-old woman; the other centered on the left operculum of a 35-year-old woman. These cases showed many of the classic features of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, except that xanthomatous cells were rare and eosinophilic granular bodies were inconspicuous. Both cases exhibited high proliferative indices and superficially invaded the brain. One case harboring a BRAF mutation disseminated to the thecal sac and showed a clinical response to the targeted BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib. These cases seem to represent an unusual primarily extra-axial presentation of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma and may account for at least some of the previously reported cases of primary meningeal glioma and/or glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunoreactive meningioma variants. We suggest that BRAF mutation analysis be considered in all meningeal lesions showing atypical histologic or immunohistochemical profiles, particularly those exhibiting glial differentiation, as a diagnostic aid and possible indication for targeted therapy.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Astrocitoma/patología , Imidazoles/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Meníngeas/patología , Mutación , Oximas/uso terapéutico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas B-raf/genética , Adulto , Astrocitoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Astrocitoma/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Neoplasias Meníngeas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Meníngeas/genética , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Fluid-fluid levels are a known feature of a number of osseous lesions, but have never before been described in primary osseous angiosarcoma, which is itself a rare malignancy. We report a case of humeral angiosarcoma presenting with fluid-fluid levels. Recognizing this entity as a possible etiology for fluid-fluid levels could help radiologists to avoid potential confusion in the differential diagnosis on imaging.