Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-Up of Sinonasal Leiomyomas: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle tumors that are rarely diagnosed in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review summarizes the histopathologic and clinical tumor characteristics, surgical management, and follow-up of sinonasal leiomyomas. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature on sinonasal leiomyoma was performed by applying the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were assessed for level of evidence. Patient demographics, clinical and pathological tumor characteristics, primary intervention, and results of follow-up were evaluated. RESULTS: Forty studies including 84 patients with sinonasal leiomyoma were identified. The tumor was most often located in the nasal cavity (47/84, 56%) originating from the inferior turbinate (32/84, 38%). Patients mostly presented with symptoms originating from an intranasal mass, including recurrent epistaxis (41/84, 49%), nasal obstruction (43/84, 51.2%), and localized facial or head pain (25/84, 29.8%). Surgery was performed in all cases. An endoscopic approach was most frequently chosen. Recurrence occurred only twice (2.4%). Morbidity was noted in 2 cases (2.4%) following postoperative bleeding and 1 (1.2%) case following a CSF leak. CONCLUSION: Sinonasal leiomyomas are neoplasms of the smooth muscle manifesting clinically with recurrent epistaxis and nasal obstruction. Management goal is total resection with clear margins to avoid local recurrence.

Advantages of Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping by Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography in Early-Stage Malignant Head-and-Neck Skin Tumors.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the advantages of preoperative sentinel lymph node mapping (SLNM) by single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT / CT) in patients with early-stage cutaneous head-and-neck malignancies. Materials and Methods: We conduct a 7-year and 6 months retrospective, cross-sectional study. Patients with early-stage malignant head-and-neck skin tumors and cutaneous adnexa who underwent SLNM by SPECT/CT from March 2012 and December 2019, were included in the study. Results: We retrospectively analyzed 28 patients: Melanoma was the most frequent tumor (64.2%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (25%). The anterior cheek was the most common functional subsite (25%). Twenty-seven patients (96.4%) had a successful SLN detection with SPECT/CT. Neck lymph node dissection was performed in 23 patients (82.1%). According to the pathological specimen, lymph nodes were found in all of them; hence, the efficacy of the SPECT/CT for SLNM was 100%. At 7-year follow-up, systemic recurrence was found in one patient (3.6%), another had locoregional recurrence (3.6%), and the mortality rate was 3.6%. Conclusions: In early-stage malignant head-and-neck skin tumors, there is a high concordance between SLN found by SPECT/CT and the histopathological results. Preoperative SPECT/CT accurately detects the SLN, assesses unexpected lymph nodes and their drainage pathways, and facilitates their location by reliably showing the relationships between sentinel nodes and important anatomic structures. This allows to perform a clear preoperative evaluation, an accurate staging for all patients and to avoid excessive dissections that could result in cosmetic and functional deformities.

Medición de los resultados funcionales y estéticos de la rinoplastia mediante la escala RHINO / Measuring patient functional and aesthetic satisfaction outcomes of rhinoplasty using the RHINO scale

Introducción: la Rhinoplasty Health Inventory and Nasal Outcomes scale (RHINO) es un instrumento integral de medición de calidad de vida que evalúa los resultados funcionales y estéticos después de la rinoplastia. Objetivo: evaluar los resultados informados por los pacientes después de la cirugía nasal con el uso de dicha escala. Diseño: Estudio observacional descriptivo Metodología: se inscribieron 78 pacientes. Los criterios de inclusión fueron pacientes mayores de 18 años con obstrucción nasal o deformidad estética que se sometieron a una rinoplastia estética y funcional realizada por el autor principal desde mayo de 2016 hasta mayo de 2017 en Perth, Australia. Se le pidió a los pacientes incluidos en el estudio que completaran la escala en 5 momentos diferentes: antes de la cirugía, 6 semanas, 3 meses, 6 meses y 1 año después de la cirugía. El análisis se realizó utilizando Stata 14 mediante la evaluación de la confiabilidad test-retest, fiabilidad de consistencia interna; validez de constructo y comparación de los valores pre- y postoperatorios. Resultados: la edad del paciente varió de 18 a 80 años. La edad promedio fue de 33,03 años con una desviación estándar de 11,75 años. El valor mediano preoperatorio fue de 21 con un rango intercuartílico (18-26). Los resultados de RHINO a las 6 semanas estuvieron en la mediana de 44 (40-48), el resultado de la escala a los 3 meses fue de 44 (39- 47), el resultado de la mediana a los 6 meses fue de 42 (38,5-46,5) y el resultado de la mediana al año fue de 46 (39-48). En los resultados generales, se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el resultado de la escala preoperatoria y la primera escala postoperatoria con una prueba de Wilcoxon (p < 0,001). El α de Cronbach fue 0,8036. Conclusiones: En general, los pacientes están satisfechos con sus resultados. La escala demostró ser un buen instrumento de medición.

Background: The Rhinoplasty Health Inventory and Nasal Outcomes scale (RHINO) is a comprehensive quality of life instrument that evaluates both functional and aesthetic outcomes after rhinoplasty. Aim: to evaluate patient reported outcomes after nasal surgery using the scale. Methods: We enrolled 78 patients. Inclusion criteria were patients older than 18 years with nasal obstruction or aesthetic deformity that underwent functional and aesthetic rhinoplasty by the senior author from May 2016 to May 2017 in Perth, Australia. The patients enrolled in the study were asked to complete the scale in five different moments: before the surgery, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after the surgery. Instrument analysis was performed using Stata 14 by assessment of test-retest reliability, internal consistency reliability; construct validity and comparison of the pre- and postoperative values. Results: Patient age ranged from 18 to 80 years. The average age was 33,03 years with a standard deviation of 11,75 years. The preoperative median value was 21 with an interquartile range (18-26). The 6-week RHINO results were in median 44 (40-48), the 3-months scale median result was 44 (39-47), the 6-months median result was 42 (38,5-46,5) and the 1-year result median was 46 (39-48). We found in the overall results statistically significant difference between the preoperative scale result and the first postoperative scale with a Wilcoxon test (p < 0.001). Cronbach's α was 0,8036. Conclusions: Overall, patients are satisfied with their outcomes. The scale proved to be a good instrument to measure this.

Paracentesis: datos sobre la correcta utilización / Paracentesis, Appropriate Technique and Clinical Application

La paracentesis es un procedimiento con fines diagnósticos en pacientes con ascitis de novo. Permite detectar la presencia de infección en pacientes con ascitis de larga data. En casos de ascitis a tensión, ascitis refractaria y disnea por restricción es ampliamente utilizada como terapia. El conocimiento general de este procedimiento y de los pormenores de su técnica son de gran importancia, ya que su utilización viene en aumento en los servicios de urgencias, hospitalización general e incluso, en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, se hace hincapié en la correcta utilización de esta técnica por parte del personal médico. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura científica en las bases de datos Pubmed y SciELO de artículos con una estrategia definida, limitada a idiomas español e inglés, utilizando una combinación de términos libres y MeSH que incluyeron paracentesis, ascitis, cirrosis hepática y malignidad.

Paracentesis is a diagnostic procedure used in patients with new-onset ascites. It can detect the presence of infection in patients with longstanding ascites. In cases of tense ascites, refractory ascites or restriction dyspnea it is widely used for therapeutical purposes. General knowledge of this procedure is of great importance as well as a detailed understanding of the technique, because its use is increasing in the emergency department, general hospitalization, and even in the intensive care unit. Taking all this into consideration we aim to emphasize on the proper use of this technique by the medical staff.