A longitudinal analysis of a work inclusion model for psychiatric patients in the Mental Health Departments of the city of Milan.

BACKGROUND: Work functioning impairment is a key diagnostic and transnosographic criterion for psychiatric disorders in both DSM-5 and ICD-11. Occupational inclusion is a fundamental aspect of the care path for patients attending the territorial services provided by the Italian Mental Health and Addiction Departments (DSMDs). Since 2009, the Regional Innovative Programme (PIR) TR106, promoted by the Fatebenefratelli-Sacco hospital of Milan, Italy, in collaboration with six other metropolitan DSMDs, was created to promote integration for people suffering from mental health problems in the city of Milan. METHOD: Here we present the results of a retrospective epidemiologic analysis on 2,142 interventions on 1,066 patients, conducted between 2012 and 2019. RESULTS: Most of the interventions were conducted with people with psychotic disorders (39%), followed by personality disorders (25.2%) and affective disorders (22.2%). The age range of 25 to 54 years represented 91.5% of the whole sample, mainly in the 35 to 44 years range (36.4%). Significant age group-related changes in interventions were observed in the observation period, with a reduction in the interventions provided to subjects of the 35 to 44 age group, and an increase in the 25 to 34 age group. CONCLUSIONS: PIR TR106 provided the most accurate assessment and data collection so far for the city of Milan. Our data characterised psychiatric groups in order to develop specific treatment plans and work inclusion interventions.

Family affluence, school and neighborhood contexts and adolescents' civic engagement: a cross-national study.

Research on youth civic engagement focuses on individual-level predictors. We examined individual- and school-level characteristics, including family affluence, democratic school social climate and perceived neighborhood social capital, in their relation to civic engagement of 15-year-old students. Data were taken from the 2006 World Health Organization Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey. A sample of 8,077 adolescents in 10th grade from five countries (Belgium, Canada, Italy, Romania, England) were assessed. Multilevel models were analyzed for each country and across the entire sample. Results showed that family affluence, democratic school climate and perceived neighborhood social capital positively related to participation in community organizations. These links were stronger at the aggregate contextual than individual level and varied by country. Canadian youth participated most and Romanian youth least of the five countries. Gender predicted engagement in two countries (girls participate more in Canada, boys in Italy). Findings showed significant contributions of the social environment to adolescents' engagement in their communities.

Perceived neighborhood social resources as determinants of prosocial behavior in early adolescence.

The present study aims to develop an integrative model that links neighborhood behavioral opportunities and social resources (neighborhood cohesion, neighborhood friendship and neighborhood attachment) to prosocial (sharing, helping, empathic) behavior in early adolescence, taking into account the potential mediating role of perceived support of friends. Path analysis was used to test the proposed theoretical model in a sample of 1,145 Italian early adolescents (6th through 8th graders). More perceived opportunities and social resources in the neighborhood are related to higher levels of adolescent prosocial behavior, and this relationship is partially mediated by perceived social support from friends. The results offer promising implications for future research and intervention programs that aim to modify social systems to improve child and adolescent social competencies.

[Health perception during adolescence between individual and contextual factors: the role of social capital]. / La percezione dello stato di salute in adolescenza tra fattori individuali e contestuali: il ruolo del capitale sociale.

OBJECTIVE: to assess the role of neighbourhood social capital, family affluence and risk taking on adolescent self-rated health. DESIGN: the survey reported here is part of the larger "Health Behaviour in School aged Children" (HBSC) project, an international study carried out in collaboration with the World Health Organization/Europe (WHO). The data were gathered through self-administered questionnaires on forms which had been devised by the international research group. The main areas covered in the questionnaire were health and health behaviour. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: 107 high schools were randomly selected from public and private schools in the Veneto region. The questionnaires were filled out by a representative sample of 2,395 (50.3% males) 10th grade students. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: level of family affluence, risk behaviour, social capital, self-rated health. RESULTS: using binary logistic regression models, it is found that lower levels of family affluence (OR= 2.69 1.80- 4.02), lower levels of neighborhood social capital (OR= 2.97 95% CI 1.87-4.74) and higher levels of risk taking (OR= 2.23 95%CI 1.52-3,27) are independently associated with worse overall perceptions of health. These influences are not found to interact with each other. Moreover, girls perceived their health worst then males (OR= 2.57 95% CI 2.03-3.25). CONCLUSIONS: risk taking, family affluence and neighborhood social capital are important factors to consider when addressing adolescent health promoting interventions.

Italian validation of the drinking motives questionnaire revised short form (DMQ-R SF).

The aim of the study is to validate the four-dimensional structure of the Drinking Motive Questionnaire Revised Short Form (DMQ-R SF) in a sample of Italian adolescents and to investigate associations of these motives with frequency of alcohol use and sensation seeking. The data were gathered through self-administered questionnaires in classrooms. The questionnaires were filled out by a representative sample of 2725 (56.4% males; mean age=16.2) 8th to 13th grade alcohol-using students. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation models were applied. The four-dimensional structure of the DMQ-R SF was confirmed in the general sample and among subgroups defined by gender and age. Furthermore, enhancement, social and coping motives were found to be positively related to sensation seeking and frequency of alcohol use. Conformity motives were negatively related to sensation seeking and frequency of alcohol use. The results are consistent with previous studies from other countries and indicate that the DMQR SF is a valid instrument to assess drinking motives among Italian adolescents and possibly among those from other Mediterranean countries.