Obesity in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia increases the risk of adverse events during pre-maintenance chemotherapy.

PURPOSE: Obesity correlates with adverse events (AEs) in children with acute myelogenous leukemia and during maintenance therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Less is known about AEs in obese ALL patients during pre-maintenance chemotherapy. We evaluated the relationship between obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 95th percentile) and AEs during pre-maintenance chemotherapy in pediatric patients with ALL. METHODS: One hundred fifty-five pediatric ALL patients diagnosed at a single institution between 2006 and 2012 were retrospectively evaluated for infections, treatment-requiring hypertension, insulin-requiring hyperglycemia, pancreatitis, pediatric intensive care unit admissions, sepsis, febrile neutropenia (FN) admissions, thrombosis, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. Univariate and multivariable analyses compared proportions of obese versus nonobese patients experiencing AEs. RESULTS: AEs occurring significantly more frequently in obese patients by univariate analysis included treatment-requiring hypertension (17.5% vs 6.1%; OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.1-10.0, P = 0.0497) and insulin-requiring hyperglycemia (25.0% vs 11.3%; OR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.04-6.56, P = 0.04). Obese patients had greater incidence rates for recurrent admission-requiring infections (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.64; 95% CI, 1.08-2.48, P = 0.02) and recurrent FN admissions (IRR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.10-2.12, P = 0.01). Accounting for combined age and NCI risk status, obesity was a risk factor for treatment-requiring hypertension (OR, 3.90; 95% CI, 1.19-12.76, P = 0.02), insulin-requiring hyperglycemia (OR, 3.92; 95% CI, 1.39-11.05, P = 0.01), and FN admission (OR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.27-6.73, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: During pre-maintenance chemotherapy for ALL, obesity is a risk factor for the development of hypertension, hyperglycemia, and FN admissions. This research provides implications for augmented preventive and supportive care guidelines in obese ALL patients.

Smartphone-Based Applications for Skin Monitoring and Melanoma Detection.

With the advancement of mobile technologies, smartphone applications (apps) have become widely available and gained increasing attention as a novel tool to deliver dermatologic care. This article presents a review of various apps for skin monitoring and melanoma detection and a discussion of current limitations in the field of dermatology. Concerns regarding quality, transparency, and reliability have emerged because there are currently no established quality standards or regulatory oversight of mobile medical apps. Only a few apps have been evaluated clinically. Further research is needed to evaluate the utility and efficacy of smartphone apps in skin cancer screening and early melanoma detection.