A Review of the Evidence for Tryptophan and the Kynurenine Pathway as a Regulator of Stem Cell Niches in Health and Disease.

Stem cells are ubiquitously found in various tissues and organs in the body, and underpin the body's ability to repair itself following injury or disease initiation, though repair can sometimes be compromised. Understanding how stem cells are produced, and functional signaling systems between different niches is critical to understanding the potential use of stem cells in regenerative medicine. In this context, this review considers kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolism in multipotent adult progenitor cells, embryonic, haematopoietic, neural, cancer, cardiac and induced pluripotent stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and mesenchymal stromal cells. The KP is the major enzymatic pathway for sequentially catabolising the essential amino acid tryptophan (TRP), resulting in key metabolites including kynurenine, kynurenic acid, and quinolinic acid (QUIN). QUIN metabolism transitions into the adjoining de novo pathway for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) production, a critical cofactor in many fundamental cellular biochemical pathways. How stem cells uptake and utilise TRP varies between different species and stem cell types, because of their expression of transporters and responses to inflammatory cytokines. Several KP metabolites are physiologically active, with either beneficial or detrimental outcomes, and evidence of this is presented relating to several stem cell types, which is important as they may exert a significant impact on surrounding differentiated cells, particularly if they metabolise or secrete metabolites differently. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in mesenchymal stromal cells, for instance, highly upregulates rate-limiting enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1), initiating TRP depletion and production of metabolites including kynurenine/kynurenic acid, known agonists of the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) transcription factor. AhR transcriptionally regulates an immunosuppressive phenotype, making them attractive for regenerative therapy. We also draw attention to important gaps in knowledge for future studies, which will underpin future application for stem cell-based cellular therapies or optimising drugs which can modulate the KP in innate stem cell populations, for disease treatment.

Fucoidan-hybrid hydroxyapatite nanoparticles promote the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells under inflammatory condition.

Inflammation-related bone defects often lead to poor osteogenesis. Therefore, it is crucial to reduce the inflammation response and promote the osteogenic differentiation of stem/progenitor cells to revitalize bone physiology. Here, a kind of hybrid nano-hydroxyapatite was prepared using the confined phosphate ion release method with the participation of fucoidan, a marine-sourced polysaccharide with anti-inflammation property. The physicochemical analyses confirmed that the fucoidan hybrid nano-hydroxyapatite (FC/n-HA) showed fine needle-like architectures. With a higher amount of fucoidan, the crystal size and crystallinity of the FC/n-HA reduced while the liquid dispersibility was improved. Cell experiences showed that FC/n-HA had an optimal cytocompatibility at concentration of 50 µg/mL. Moreover, the lipopolysaccharide-induced cellular inflammatory model with PDLSCs was established and used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and osteogenic properties. For the 1%FC/n-HA group, the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1ß were significantly reduced at 24 h, while the expression of alkaline phosphatase of PDLSCs was significantly promoted at days 3 and 7, and calcium precipitates was enhanced at 21 days. In this study, the FC/n-HA particles showed effective anti-inflammatory properties and facilitated osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, indicating which has potential application in treating bone defects associated with inflammation, such as periodontitis.

Targeting Therapeutic Windows for Rheumatoid Arthritis Prevention.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a worldwide public health problem. Interventions to delay or prevent the onset of RA have attracted much attention in recent years, and researchers are now exploring various prevention strategies. At present, there is still no unified consensus for RA prevention, but targeting therapeutic windows and implementing interventions for at-risk individuals are extremely important. Due to the limited number of clinical trials on pharmacologic interventions, further studies are needed to explore and establish optimal intervention regimens and effective measures to prevent progression to RA. In this review, we introduce the RA disease process and risk factors, and present research on the use of both Western and Chinese medicine from clinical perspectives regarding RA prevention. Furthermore, we describe several complete and ongoing clinical studies on the use of Chinese herbal formulae for the prevention of RA.

Bone fracture is associated with incident myocardial infarction in long-term follow-up.

BACKGROUND: The association between bone fracture and cardiovascular diseases is examined in this study. While basic research has established a connection between fractures and heart attacks through the linkage between bones and arteries, population studies have not provided clear evidence. The aim of the present study is to investigate the association between bone fracture and the occurrence of myocardial infarction in a natural population during long-term follow-up. METHODS: A total of 13,196 adult participants with bone fracture history at baseline from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) prospective cohort were included in this study. Baseline investigation was performed in 1997-2009 and the outcome was followed up till 2015. Hazard ratios (HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: From 1997 to 2015, a total of 329 incident myocardial infarction cases were identified. In univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, a history of bone fracture was associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction incidence in the total population (for the crude model: HR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.83-3.53, P < 0.001; for the multivariate model: HR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.02-1.99, P = 0.036). In the stratified analysis, bone fracture was not associated with an increased risk of incident myocardial infarction in subjects with age < 50 years (HR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.34-1.47, P = 0.356), but significantly associated with an increased risk of incident myocardial infarction in subjects with age ≥ 50 years (HR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.23-2.63, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested by the present study that bone fracture may be associated with an increased risk of incident myocardial infarction in the elderly population during long-term follow-up.

Construction of the chronic temporomandibular disorder patients: the association between neural and psychological pathways.

Chronic temporomandibular disorder (cTMD) as a term based on the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) classification refers, in this paper, to the condition listed that has a non-mechanical association without any obvious organic cause. Specifically, this is the condition that falls under the International Classification of Diseases 11th revision (ICD-11) classification of chronic primary and chronic secondary pains. This implies that there is increased responsiveness of nociceptive neurons in the central nervous system, a phenomenon known as central sensitisation. cTMD patients may have their beginning with genetic susceptibility to pain. Although no single gene is exclusively linked to cTMD, various genes associated with nervous and musculoskeletal systems are believed to play a role. Environmental triggers and epigenetic changes are also thought to contribute to cTMD development. The biopsychosocial model emphasises the need to comprehensively address biological, psychological and social factors in cTMD assessment and management. In this study, we leverage the cyclic causation framework within the biopsychosocial model to illuminate the intricate interplay between biological and psychosocial factors in the context of cTMD. The conceptualisation of cTMD involves the dynamic evolution of genetic predispositions, influenced by life events and other biological susceptibilities. These factors collectively contribute to the emergence of nociplastic changes, ultimately manifesting as the distinctive features observed in individuals afflicted with cTMD.

Screening and rational identification of a novel angiotensin-converting enzyme C-domain inhibitory peptide from Fabaceae food peptide library.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), consisting of N-domain and C-domain, is a key regulator of blood pressure. The use of cACE-specific inhibitors helps minimize side effects in clinical applications. Legumes are a good source of proteins containing ACE inhibitory peptides; however, no studies have reported the identification of cACE-specific inhibitory peptides from Fabaceae. In this study, thermal hydrolysates from seeds, sprouts, pods, seedlings, and flowers of legumes were analyzed. Flowers of legumes exhibited a C-domain-preference ACE inhibition and anti-hypertensive effect in rats. Screening the legume peptide library identified a novel cACE inhibitory peptide, SJ-1. This study reported the first identification of cACE inhibitory peptide from Fabaceae foods. SJ-1, identified from the legume flowers, interacted with active site residues of cACE, leading to the inhibition of ACE activity, downregulation of bradykinin levels, and reduction of blood pressure. These findings also suggested the potential of legume proteins as a source of cACE inhibitory peptides.

Environmental-friendly extraction of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate from poly(vinyl chloride) using liquefied dimethyl ether.

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is one of the most widely used plastics. However, a major challenge in recycling PVC is that there is no economical method to separate and remove its toxic phthalate plasticizers. This research made a breakthrough by extracting PVC with liquefied dimethyl ether (DME) and successfully separating the plasticizer components. Nearly all (97.1 %) of the di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate plasticizer was extracted within 30 min by passing liquefied DME (285 g) through PVC at 25 °C. The compatibility of PVC with organic solvents, including liquefied DME, was derived theoretically from their Hansen solubility parameters (HSP), and actual dissolution experiments were conducted to determine the optimal PVC solvents. A liquefied DME mixture was used to dissolve PVC, and the extract was diluted with ethanol to precipitate the dissolved PVC. We demonstrated that liquefied DME is a promising method for producing high quality recycled products and that the process retains the fundamental properties of plasticizers and PVC without inducing degradation or depolymerization. Because of its low boiling point, DME can be easily separated from the solute after extraction, allowing for efficient reuse of the solvent, extracted plasticizer, and PVC. DME does not require heat and produces little harmful wastewater, which significantly reduces the energy consumption of the plasticizer additive separation process.

Dual amplification for PEC ultrasensitive aptasensing of biomarker HER-2 based on Z-scheme UiO-66/CdIn2S4 heterojunction and flower-like PtPdCu nanozyme.

As an important prognostic indicator in breast cancer, human epithelial growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) is of importance for assessing prognosis of breast cancer patients, whose accurate and facile analysis are imperative in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Herein, photoactive Z-scheme UiO-66/CdIn2S4 heterojunction was constructed by a hydrothermal method, whose optical property and photoactivity were critically investigated by a range of techniques, combined by elucidating the interfacial charge transfer mechanism. Meanwhile, PtPdCu nanoflowers (NFs) were fabricated by a simple aqueous wet-chemical method, whose peroxidase (POD)-mimicking catalytic activity was scrutinized by representative tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation in H2O2 system. Taken together, the UiO-66/CdIn2S4 based photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor was established for quantitative analysis of HER-2, where the detection signals were further magnified through catalytic precipitation reaction towards 4-chloro-1-naphthol (4-CN) oxidation (assisted by the PtPdCu NFs nanozyme). The PEC aptasensor presented a broader linear range within 0.1 pg mL-1-0.1 µg mL-1 and a lower limit of detection of 0.07 pg mL-1. This work developed a new PEC aptasensor for ultrasensitive determination of HER-2, holding substantial promise for clinical diagnostics.

Transmission characteristics in Tuberculosis by WGS: nationwide cross-sectional surveillance in China.

China, with the third largest share of global tuberculosis cases, faces a substantial challenge in its healthcare system as a result of the high burden of multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB). This study employs a genomic epidemiological approach to assess recent tuberculosis transmissions between individuals, identifying potential risk factors and discerning the role of transmitted resistant isolates in the emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis in China. We conducted a population-based retrospective study on 5052 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates from 70 surveillance sites using whole genome sequencing (WGS). Minimum spanning tree analysis identified resistance mutations, while epidemiological data analysis pinpointed transmission risk factors. Of the 5052 isolates, 23% (1160) formed 452 genomic clusters, with 85.6% (387) of the transmissions occurring within the same counties. Individuals with younger age, larger family size, new cases, smear positive, and MDR/RR were at higher odds for recent transmission, while higher education (university and above) and occupation as a non-physical workers emerged as protective factors. At least 61.4% (251/409) of MDR/RR-TB were likely a result of recent transmission of MDR/RR isolates, with previous treatment (crude OR = 2.77), smear-positive (cOR = 2.07) and larger family population (cOR = 1.13) established as risk factors. Our findings highlight that local transmission remains the predominant form of TB transmission in China. Correspondingly, drug-resistant tuberculosis is primarily driven by the transmission of resistant tuberculosis isolates. Targeted interventions for high-risk populations to interrupt transmission within the country will likely provide an opportunity to reduce the prevalence of both tuberculosis and drug-resistant tuberculosis.

Identifying Potential Sources of Phthalate Contamination in the Leaves of Stevia Rebaudiana (Bertoni) and the Development of Removal Technology.

Steviosides extracted from the leaves of the plant Stevia rebaudiana are increasingly used in the food industry as natural low-calorie sweeteners. Phthalates in food are often assumed to arise from food containers or packaging materials. Here, experiments were carried out to identify the potential sources of DMP, DBP, DIBP, and DEHP in the leaves of stevioside through investigation of their content in native stevioside tissues, soils, and associated agronomic materials. The results show that phthalate contamination was present in all the samples tested, and the influence of regional factors at the provincial level on the content of plasticizers in stevia leaves was not significant. Phthalates in stevia leaves can be absorbed into the plant body through leaves and roots. Using resin removal, the phthalate content in stevioside glycosides was reduced to less than 0.05 ppm, and some indicators were far lower than the limit standard in EU food.

Hybridization, polyploidization, and morphological convergence make dozens of taxa into one chaotic genetic pool: a phylogenomic case of the Ficus erecta species complex (Moraceae).

The Ficus erecta complex, characterized by its morphological diversity and frequent interspecific overlap, shares pollinating fig wasps among several species. This attribute, coupled with its intricate phylogenetic relationships, establishes it as an exemplary model for studying speciation and evolutionary patterns. Extensive researches involving RADseq (Restriction-site associated DNA sequencing), complete chloroplast genome data, and flow cytometry methods were conducted, focusing on phylogenomic analysis, genetic structure, and ploidy detection within the complex. Significantly, the findings exposed a pronounced nuclear-cytoplasmic conflict. This evidence, together with genetic structure analysis, confirmed that hybridization within the complex is a frequent occurrence. The ploidy detection revealed widespread polyploidy, with certain species exhibiting multiple ploidy levels, including 2×, 3×, and 4×. Of particular note, only five species (F. abelii, F. erecta, F. formosana, F. tannoensis and F. vaccinioides) in the complex were proved to be monophyletic. Species such as F. gasparriniana, F. pandurata, and F. stenophylla were found to encompass multiple phylogenetically distinct lineages. This discovery, along with morphological comparisons, suggests a significant underestimation of species diversity within the complex. This study also identified F. tannoensis as an allopolyploid species originating from F. vaccinioide and F. erecta. Considering the integration of morphological, molecular systematics, and cytological evidences, it is proposed that the scope of the F. erecta complex should be expanded to the entire subsect. Frutescentiae. This would redefine the complex as a continuously evolving group comprising at least 33 taxa, characterized by blurred species boundaries, frequent hybridization and polyploidization, and ambiguous genetic differentiation.

High blood pressure is associated with increased risk of future fracture, but not vice versa.

The association between high blood pressure and fracture showed obvious discrepancies and were mostly between hypertension with future fracture, but rarely between fracture and incident hypertension. The present study aims to investigate the associations of hypertension with future fracture, and fracture with incident hypertension. We included adult participants from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) prospective cohort in 1997-2015 (N = 10,227), 2000-2015 (N = 10,547), 2004-2015 (N = 10,909), and 2006-2015 (N = 11,121) (baseline in 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006 respectively and outcome in 2015). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. In the analysis of the association between hypertension and future fracture, the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) were 1.34 (0.95-1.90) in 1997-2015, 1.40 (1.04-1.88) in 2000-2015, 1.32 (0.98-1.78) in 2004-2015, and 1.38 (1.01-1.88) in 2006-2015. In the analysis of the association between fracture and incident hypertension, the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) were 1.28 (0.96-1.72) in 1997-2015, 1.18 (0.94-1.49) in 2000-2015, 1.12 (0.89-1.40) in 2004-2015, and 1.09 (0.85-1.38) in 2006-2015. The present study showed that hypertension history was associated with increased risk of future fracture, but not vice versa.

Effect of dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen on Culter alburnus: Physiology, biochemistry, and molecular analyses.

Culter alburnus (topmouth culter)is an economically valuable freshwater fish. However, its insufficient tolerance to dissolved oxygen (DO) and ammonia nitrogen (AN) hinders its industrialisation. 360 experimental fish (4.87 ± 1.10 g) were placed in breathing chambers (oxygen level was 0.70-6.50 mg/L) or water tanks (control AN, 0 mg/L; low AN, 8 mg/L; high AN, 16 mg/L). This study analysed the effects of DO and AN on C. alburnus at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. (1) Physiology level: the floating point, coma critical point, and coma point at 20 °C group were significantly higher than those at 30 °C. The oxygen consumption rate of C. alburnus at 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C was (256.65 ± 25.87), (470.47 ± 83.84), and (520.87 ± 55.40) mg/kg.h. The LC50 of AN after 96 h was 24.13 mg/L, and the safe concentration was 2.41 mg/L. The survival rate in the high AN group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups. (2) Biochemistry level: The change curves of antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver tissue under hypoxic stress reached a maximum at 12 h and then decreased. In addition, the increase and decrease in enzyme activity (except malondialdehyde) in the high AN group was lower than that in the low AN group. (3) Molecular level: the angiotensin-converting enzyme and carboxypeptidase genes were the major differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in hypoxic stress, and the DEGs were mainly enriched in the ABC transporter signal transduction pathway. In addition, the serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase genes were among the major DEGs under high AN stress. The DEGs were mainly enriched in steroid biosynthesis or glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism transporter signal transduction pathways. In summary, it is necessary to focus on the DO and AN during C. alburnus breeding.

MOF-derived sandwich-structured dual Z-Scheme Co9S8@ZnIn2S4/CdSe hollow nanocages heterojunction: Target-induced ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical sensing of chlorpyrifos.

Exploring efficient photoactive material presents an intriguing opportunity to enhance the analytical performance of photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor in the environmental analysis. In this work, a sandwich-structured multi-interface Co9S8@ZnIn2S4/CdSe QDs dual Z-Scheme heterojunction, derived from metal-organic framework (MOF), was synthesized as a sensing platform for chlorpyrifos detection, by integrating with enzyme-induced in situ insoluble precipitates strategy. The meticulously designed Co9S8@ZnIn2S4/CdSe QDs exhibited enhanced charge separation efficiency and was proved to be a highly effective sensing platform for the immobilization of biomolecules, attributing to the intrinsic dual Z-Scheme heterojunction and the distinctive hollow structure. The proposed PEC sensing platform combined with enzyme-induced in situ precipitate signal amplification strategy achieved superior performance for sensing of chlorpyrifos (CPF), showing in wide linear range (1.0 pg mL-1-100 ng mL-1), with a limit of detection (0.6 pg mL-1), excellent selectivity, and stability. This work offers valuable insights for the design of novel advanced photoactive materials aimed at detecting environmental pollutants with low level concentration.

Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence responses of Camellia sinensis grown under various cultivations in different seasons.

Sod culture (SC) and conventional agriculture (CA) represent two distinct field management approaches utilized in the cultivation of tea plants in Taiwan. In this study, we employed gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence techniques to assess the impact of SC and CA methods on the photosynthetic machinery of Camellia sinensis cv. TTES No.12 (Jhinhsuan) in response to variable light intensities across different seasons. In spring, at photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) ranging from 800 to 2,000 µmol photon m-2 s-1, the net photosynthesis rate (Pn, 10.43 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1), stomatal conductance (Gs, 126.11 mmol H2O m-2 s-1), electron transport rate (ETR, 137.94), and ΔF/Fm' and Fv/Fm (50.37) values for plants grown using SC were comparatively higher than those cultivated under CA. Conversely, the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) values for SC-grown plants were relatively lower (3.11) compared to those grown under CA at 800 to 2,000 PPFD in spring. Additionally, when tea plants were exposed to PPFD levels below 1,500 µmol photon m- 2 s- 1, there was a concurrent increase in Pn, Gs, ETR, and NPQ. These photosynthetic parameters are crucial for devising models that optimize cultivation practices across varying seasons and specific tillage requirements, and for predicting photosynthetic and respiratory responses of tea plants to seasonally or artificially altered light irradiances. The observed positive impacts of SC on maximum photosynthetic rate (Amax), Fv/Fm, Gs, water-use efficiency (WUE), and ETR suggest that SC is advantageous for enhancing the productivity of tea plants, thereby offering a more adaptable management model for tea gardens.

Effect of carbamide peroxide on biomechanical properties of vacuum-formed retainers: A split-mouth randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of tooth whitening on biomechanical properties of vacuum-formed retainers (VFRs). METHODS: Using a split-mouth, randomised controlled trial design, thirty participants were randomly allocated to receive whitening on either the upper or the lower arch, using 10 % carbamide peroxide for two weeks. Biomechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, and surface roughness were assessed two weeks after whitening was completed. RESULTS: Tensile strength of the whitening arch (mean ± SD: 40.93 ± 3.96 MPa) was significantly lower than that of the control (47.40 ± 5.03 MPa) (difference 6.47 MPa, 95 % CI 4.51 - 8.42, p < 0.001). Hardness and internal roughness of the whitening arch (VHN = 14.63 ± 2.29 N/mm2 and Ra = 1.33 ± 0.35 µm, respectively) were significantly greater than those of the control (12.22 ± 1.86 N/mm2 and 0.96 ± 0.29 µm, respectively) (differences 2.41 N/mm2, 95 % CI 1.56 - 3.25, p < 0.001 and 0.37 µm, 95 % CI 0.23 - 0.51, p < 0.001, respectively). The whitening arch showed greater tooth colour change (ΔE = 6.00 ± 3.32) than the control (ΔE = 2.50 ± 1.70) (difference = 3.50, 95 % CI 2.43 - 4.56, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Based on this short-term study, marked tooth colour change was achieved by whitening with VFRs as the whitening trays, but this changed the VFRs' biomechanical properties, including a decrease in tensile strength and an increase in hardness and internal roughness. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The application of carbamide peroxide in VFRs may compromise their mechanical properties.

Characterization and Implications of IncP-2A Plasmid pMAS152 Harboring Multidrug Resistance Genes in Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global public health challenge. The escalation of AMR is primarily attributed to the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), often facilitated by plasmids. This underscores the critical need for a comprehensive understanding of the resistance mechanisms and transmission dynamics of these plasmids. In this study, we utilized in vitro drug sensitivity testing, conjugation transfer assays, and whole-genome sequencing to investigate the resistance mechanism of an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate, MAS152. We specifically focused on analyzing the drug-resistant plasmid pMAS152 it harbors and its potential for widespread dissemination. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that MAS152 carries a distinct IncpP-2A plasmid, pMAS152, characterized by a 44.8 kb multidrug resistance (MDR) region. This region houses a 16S rRNA methyltransferase (16S-RMTase) gene, rmtB, conferring high-level resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics. Notably, this region also contains an extended-spectrum ß-Lactamase (ESBL) gene, blaPER-1, and an efflux pump operon, tmexCD-oprJ, which mediate resistance to ß-Lactams and quinolone antibiotics, respectively. Such a combination of ARGs, unprecedented in reported plasmids, could significantly undermine the effectiveness of first-line antibiotics in treating P. aeruginosa infections. Investigation into the genetic environment of the MDR region suggests that Tn2 and IS91 elements may be instrumental in the horizontal transfer of rmtB. Additionally, a complex Class I integron with an ISCR1 structure, along with TnAs1, seems to facilitate the horizontal transfer of blaPER-1. The conjugation transfer assay, coupled with the annotation of conjugation-related genes and phylogenetic analysis, indicates that the plasmid pMAS152 functions as a conjugative plasmid, with other genus Pseudomonas species as potential hosts. Our findings provide vital insights into the resistance mechanisms and transmission potential of the XDR P. aeruginosa isolate MAS152, underlining the urgent need for novel strategies to combat the spread of AMR. This study highlights the complex interplay of genetic elements contributing to antibiotic resistance and underscores the importance of continuous surveillance of emerging ARGs in clinical isolates.

Target-regulated photoactivities of CdS/Ni-MOF heterojunction with [Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+ intercalator: a bisphenol A photoelectrochemical aptasensor.

Bisphenol A (BPA), an important endocrine disrupting compound, has infiltrated human daily lives through electronic devices, food containers, and children's toys. Developing of novel BPA assay methods with high sensitivity holds tremendous importance in valuing the pollution state. Here, we constructed an ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor for BPA determination by regulating photoactivities of CdS/Ni-based metal-organic framework (CdS/Ni-MOF) with [Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+ sensitizer. CdS/Ni-MOF spheres exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, serving as a potential sensing platform for the construction of target recognition process. [Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+ were embedded into DNA double-stranded structure, functioning as sensitizer for modulating the signal response of the developed PEC aptasensor. The proposed PEC sensor exhibited outstanding analytical performances, including a wide linear range (0.1 to 1000.0 nM), low detection limit (0.026 nM, at 3σ/m), excellent selectivity, and high stability. This work provides a perspective for the design of ideal photosensitive materials and signal amplification strategies and extends their application in environment analysis.

Recent advances in super-resolution optical imaging based on aggregation-induced emission.

Super-resolution imaging has rapidly emerged as an optical microscopy technique, offering advantages of high optical resolution over the past two decades; achieving improved imaging resolution requires significant efforts in developing super-resolution imaging agents characterized by high brightness, high contrast and high sensitivity to fluorescence switching. Apart from technical requirements in optical systems and algorithms, super-resolution imaging relies on fluorescent dyes with special photophysical or photochemical properties. The concept of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) was proposed in 2001, coinciding with unprecedented advancements and innovations in super-resolution imaging technology. AIE probes offer many advantages, including high brightness in the aggregated state, low background signal, a larger Stokes shift, ultra-high photostability, and excellent biocompatibility, making them highly promising for applications in super-resolution imaging. In this review, we summarize the progress in implementation methods and provide insights into the mechanism of AIE-based super-resolution imaging, including fluorescence switching resulting from photochemically-converted aggregation-induced emission, electrostatically controlled aggregation-induced emission and specific binding-regulated aggregation-induced emission. Particularly, the aggregation-induced emission principle has been proposed to achieve spontaneous fluorescence switching, expanding the selection and application scenarios of super-resolution imaging probes. By combining the aggregation-induced emission principle and specific molecular design, we offer some comprehensive insights to facilitate the applications of AIEgens (AIE-active molecules) in super-resolution imaging.

Facial asymmetry of the hard and soft tissues in skeletal Class I, II, and III patients.

To investigate and compare the facial asymmetry (hard and soft tissues) among skeletal Class I, II, and III patients. A total of 221 subjects, including skeletal Class I (n = 80), skeletal Class II (n = 75), and skeletal Class III (n = 66), were included in the study. CBCT, 22 skeletal landmarks, and 10 soft tissue landmarks were used for the measurements and the asymmetry index was calculated to assess the facial asymmetry. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman correlation analysis. The skeletal Class III patients presented greater asymmetry than Class II patients for 10 hard tissue landmarks and 3 soft tissue landmarks (p < 0.05). High correlation of asymmetry was found between four soft tissue landmarks and their corresponding skeletal landmarks (rs ≥ 0.71), as well as Me and ANS (r > 0.86). The ANS and Me in 21.3% patients deviated to contralateral sides. The skeletal Class III patients had more facial asymmetry than the Class II patients. Soft tissues showed similar asymmetry as the underlying hard tissues rather than a compensation of the hard tissue asymmetry. The inconsistency in the deviation of Me and ANS may exacerbate facial asymmetry.