The Me and the Us of Emotions: a cluster-randomized controlled trial of the feasibility and efficacy of a compassion-based social-emotional learning program for children.

There are well-established benefits of social and emotional learning (SEL) programs for children within educational contexts. Combining social-emotional skills and compassion abilities has been seldomly done, and it may be valuable at individual and societal levels, for resilient, empathetic, and inclusive societies. This study explored the feasibility and efficacy of a program designed to promote socioemotional and compassion skills in children attending the 3rd and 4th grades, by using in-class dynamics complemented with serious games. This program, named "The Me and the Us of Emotions," is part of the Gulbenkian Knowledge Academies 2020 and consists of 10 group sessions embedded in the school curriculum. Using a cluster-randomized controlled trial design, school classes were allocated to intervention (classes, n = 8; children, n = 163) and control groups (classes, n = 6; children, n = 132). During the program, facilitators assessed adherence to the sessions' plan, attendance, dosage (i.e., how many sessions were delivered), and participant responsiveness. Children completed self-report measures of social-emotional skills and emotional climate at pre-, post-intervention, 3-month, and 6-month follow-ups. Results indicate that the program is feasible, with high adherence, high attendance rate, and participant responsiveness. Results also indicate empathy, soothing, and drive feelings to change from pre-intervention to all other assessment moments, for the intervention group only. Moreover, cooperation and threat changed over time for participants in both the control and the intervention groups. The current study offers empirical support for the feasibility and utility of a compassion-based social-emotional learning program on promoting children's empathy, and emotions of soothing and vitality in the school context. Thus, these findings contribute to recent research on the potential added value of compassion practices within an SEL program.

Remote teaching practices and learning support during COVID-19 lockdowns in Portugal: Were there changes across time?

The COVID-19 pandemic challenged countries, regions, schools, and individuals. School closures due to lockdowns forced changes in the teaching practices and the learning support provided to children at home. This study aimed to provide insights on the changes between the first and the second lockdowns in Portugal, concerning remote teaching practices and family support to children's education. A self-report questionnaire was filled by 144 parents of third grade students. The results show that, between the two lockdowns, there was a significant decrease in the amount of support provided at home to school assignments and activities, as well as in the amount of time spent by students in TV broadcasted lessons and in reading training supported by the family. Inversely, families reported a significant increase in the amount of time spent by students in independent reading activities and in the time spent in training reading guided by teachers. The number of synchronous lessons with a teacher and the number of times students trained reading during a synchronous lesson also increased in the second lockdown. Additionally, in the second lockdown, parents perceived synchronous lessons to be more effective at improving their child's reading skills and perceived themselves as more capable of supporting their child in reading acquisition. These findings are used to discuss school responses and remote teaching and learning practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Psicólogos escolares em Portugal: perfil e necessidades de formação / School psychologists in Portugal: Training profile and educational needs

Tendo por base um inquérito junto a 477 psicólogos escolares de instituições públicas e privadas portuguesas, foram analisados o perfil e as necessidades de formação desse grupo profissional. Os resultados apontam que, a par da formação em áreas diretamente relacionadas com a prática psicológica em contexto escolar, muitos profissionais reportaram ser especializados no domínio da psicologia clínica e da saúde. As necessidades de formação identificadas parecem refletir a natureza dos problemas encontrados na área, como as dificuldades de aprendizagem, a indisciplina, e os problemas de comportamento. Tais necessidades parecem ainda apontar as principais áreas de intervenção desses profissionais, atinentes a necessidades educativas especiais, avaliação e consulta psicológica, e orientação vocacional. Paralelamente, elas evidenciam o desejo desses profissionais em expandir seu campo de atuação para além dos papéis ditos tradicionais. A partir deste estudo podem ser derivadas implicações tanto para a formação inicial quanto para a formação continuada dos psicólogos escolares.

The profile and training needs of Portuguese school psychologists, working in public and private schools, were analysed based on a survey with 477 professionals. Results show that in conjunction with training in domains directly related to psychological practice in the school context, many school psychologists reported having a specialization course in the field of clinic and/or health psychology. The identified training needs appear to reflect the nature of the problems encountered in the field (e.g., learning difficulties, indiscipline and behaviour problems), as well as the main intervention areas of Portuguese school psychologists (e.g., special educational needs, assessment, support/counselling and vocational guidance). In parallel, results show that some professionals desire to expand their field of expertise beyond the so-called traditional roles. We discuss the implications for the initial and continuing training of school psychologists.