RESUMEN
To explore the role of YAP, a key effector of the Hippo pathway, in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis. The temporal and spatial expression of YAP was detected via immunohistochemistry and multiplex immunohistochemistry on postoperative Days 1, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14 and 28 in a sheep model. Isolated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from samples of the Day 14. The relative mRNA expression of YAP was examined before and after the osteogenic induction of MSCs. A YAP-silenced MSC model was constructed, and the effect of YAP knockdown on MSC function was examined. YAP is expressed in the nucleus of the key sites that determine the ankylosis formation, indicating that YAP is activated in a physiological state. The expression of YAP increased gradually over time. Moreover, the number of cells coexpressing of RUNX2 and YAP-with the osteogenic active zone labelled by RUNX2-tended to increase after Day 9. After the osteogenic induction of MSCs, the expression of YAP increased. After silencing YAP, the osteogenic, proliferative and migratory abilities of the MSCs were inhibited. YAP is involved in the early development of TMJ bony ankylosis. Inhibition of YAP using shRNA might be a promising way to prevent or treat TMJ ankylosis.
Asunto(s)
Anquilosis , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas , Osteogénesis , Trastornos de la Articulación Temporomandibular , Animales , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/metabolismo , Trastornos de la Articulación Temporomandibular/metabolismo , Trastornos de la Articulación Temporomandibular/patología , Trastornos de la Articulación Temporomandibular/genética , Anquilosis/metabolismo , Anquilosis/patología , Anquilosis/genética , Proteínas Señalizadoras YAP/metabolismo , Articulación Temporomandibular/metabolismo , Articulación Temporomandibular/patología , Ovinos , Proliferación Celular , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Diferenciación Celular , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/metabolismo , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/genética , Subunidad alfa 1 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/metabolismo , Subunidad alfa 1 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/genética , Movimiento Celular , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genéticaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the pedicle submental island flap (SIF) can be safely used in the oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) patients with pathologically node-positive (pN+) neck, especially pN+ at level I. METHODS: Retrospectively, 101 OTSCC patients with SIF reconstruction were enrolled. Oncological outcomes included the total locoregional recurrence, the SIF related locoregional recurrence (SRLR) which referred to the local recurrence at flap and ipsilateral neck recurrence at level I, recurrence free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and disease specific survival (DSS). RESULTS: Sixty-one patients were pathologically node-negative (pN0) and 40 were pN+. Thirteen patients experienced locoregional recurrence, of which 5 had a SRLR. The pN+ group had a significantly higher locoregional recurrence rate, lower 5-year RFS, OS and DSS than pN0 group (P < 0.05). Patients with pN0 had a significantly higher neck RFS when compared to those with pN+ either at level I (P = 0.005) or at other levels (P < 0.001). However, the neck RFS was similar between the two subgroups of pN+ (P = 0.550). Especially, patients with pN+ at level I had a significantly higher SRLR rate (P = 0.006) compared to those with pN0 at level I. Multivariate analysis showed that pN+ was an unfavorable factor for tumor recurrence and OS. CONCLUSION: Our data did not support the use of SIF in OTSCC patients with pN+ neck at level I due to an significantly increased SRLR rate compared to those with pN0 neck at level I.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica , Neoplasias de la Lengua , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Neoplasias de la Lengua/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Lengua/patología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/cirugía , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Colgajos Quirúrgicos/cirugía , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/cirugíaRESUMEN
Oral cancer is one of the most common tumours in the world threatening human life and health. The 5-years survival rate of patients with oral cancer has not been improved significantly for many years. The existing clinical diagnostic methods rarely achieve early diagnosis due to deficiencies such as lack of sensitivity. Most of the patients have progressed to the advanced stages when oral cancer is detected. Unfortunately, the traditional treatment methods are usually ineffective at this stage. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more effective and precise techniques for early diagnosis and effective treatment of oral cancer. In recent decades, nanomedicine has been a novel diagnostic and therapeutic platform for various diseases, especially cancer. The synthesis and application of various nanoagents have emerged at the right moment. Among them, polymer nanoagents have unique advantages, such as good stability, high biosafety and high drug loading, showing great potential in the early accurate diagnosis and treatment of tumours. In this review, we focus on the application of advanced polymeric nanoagents in both the diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer. Then, the future therapy strategies and trends for polymeric nanoagents applied to oral cancer are discussed, with the hope that more advanced nanomedical technology will be applied to oral cancer research and promote the development of stomatology.