RESUMEN
The methanolic extract of Lawsonia inermis L. (henna) showed significant inhibitory activity toward melanogenesis in B16 melanoma 4A5 cells. Among the constituents isolated from the methanolic extract, luteolin, quercetin, and (±)-eriodictyol showed stronger inhibitory activity than the reference compound, arbutin. Several structure-activity relationships of the flavonoids were suggested, and OGlcAsunto(s)
Flavonoides/química
, Flavonoides/farmacología
, Lawsonia (Planta)/química
, Melaninas/biosíntesis
, Melanoma Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico
, Melanoma Experimental/metabolismo
, Animales
, Antifibrinolíticos/química
, Antifibrinolíticos/aislamiento & purificación
, Antifibrinolíticos/farmacología
, Línea Celular Tumoral
, Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos
, Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación
, Flores/química
, Humanos
, Oxidorreductasas Intramoleculares/antagonistas & inhibidores
, Oxidorreductasas Intramoleculares/genética
, Melanoma Experimental/genética
, Ratones
, Monofenol Monooxigenasa/antagonistas & inhibidores
, Monofenol Monooxigenasa/genética
, Oxidorreductasas/antagonistas & inhibidores
, Oxidorreductasas/genética
, Extractos Vegetales/química
, Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación
, Extractos Vegetales/farmacología
, Plantas Medicinales/química
, ARN Mensajero/genética
, ARN Mensajero/metabolismo
, ARN Neoplásico/genética
, ARN Neoplásico/metabolismo
, Relación Estructura-Actividad
RESUMEN
A methanol extract of the flower buds of Chimonanthus praecox (L.) Link (Calycanthaceae) demonstrated inhibitory effects on melanogenesis in theophylline-stimulated murine B16 melanoma 4A5 cells. From the extract, five dimeric pyrrolidinoindoline alkaloids and four sesquiterpenes were isolated, together with 16 known compounds. Among them, (-)-chimonanthine (1, IC50 = 0.93 µM), (-)-folicanthine (2, 1.4 µM), and (-)-calycanthidine (3, 1.8 µM) showed potent inhibitory effects without notable cytotoxicity at the effective concentrations. The most potent alkaloid (1) inhibited both tyrosinase and tyrosine-related protein-1 mRNA expressions, to which the melanogenesis inhibitory activity would be ascribable.
Asunto(s)
Alcaloides/farmacología , Calycanthaceae/química , Indoles/farmacología , Melaninas/biosíntesis , Pirroles/farmacología , Alcaloides/química , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Dimerización , Flores/química , Indoles/química , Ratones , Monofenol Monooxigenasa/metabolismo , Pirroles/química , Sesquiterpenos/química , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Methanolic extracts from the flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) were found to show inhibitory effects on melanogenesis in theophylline-stimulated murine B16 melanoma 4A5 cells. From the methanolic extracts, a new alkaloid, N-methylasimilobine N-oxide, was isolated together with eleven benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. The absolute stereostructure of the new alkaloid was determined from chemical and physicochemical evidence. Among the constituents isolated, nuciferine, N-methylasimilobine, (-)-lirinidine, and 2-hydroxy-1-methoxy-6a,7-dehydroaporphine showed potent inhibition of melanogenesis. Comparison of the inhibitory activities of synthetic related alkaloids facilitated characterization of the structure-activity relationships of aporphine- and benzylisoquinoline-type alkaloids. In addition, 3-30 µM nuciferine and N-methylasimilobine inhibited the expression of tyrosinase mRNA, 3-30 µM N-methylasimilobine inhibited the expression of TRP-1 mRNA, and 10-30 µM nuciferine inhibited the expression of TRP-2 mRNA.
Asunto(s)
Alcaloides/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Flores/química , Melaninas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Melanoma Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Nelumbo/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Alcaloides/síntesis química , Alcaloides/química , Animales , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Humanos , Melanoma Experimental/patología , Ratones , Estructura Molecular , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is used to synthesize diblock and random copolymers of poly[(2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate)-co-(methacrylic acid)]. Copolymer films doped with fluorene derivatives comprised of pyridine groups exhibit reversible photoluminescent (PL) color tuning by adjusting the location of fluorene derivatives in H-bonds or non-H-bonds environments. The composite films exhibit green and blue photoluminescence with and without effective H-bonding between the pyridine ring in the fluorene derivative and the carboxylic acid side group, respectively. At elevated temperatures, the H-bonded structure dissociates and the fluorene derivative migrates to the hydrophobic block in the diblock polymer, and they do not form H-bonds upon cooling. However, re-formation of H-bonds also occurs upon cooling random copolymers. Moreover, adjusting the annealing temperature and the solvent annealing reversibly tunes the PL color in the diblock copolymer composite films.