RESUMEN
AIMS: To evaluate nutritional and metabolic parameters associated with vitamin D status and blood pressure (BP) in type 2 diabetes and hypertensive patients. METHODS: BP evaluated by office and 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). Physical activity was evaluated by daily step count, body composition by DXA, and diet by a food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: 116 patients were evaluated and median 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was 21 (16-27) ng/ml; 43% deficient (<20â¯ng/ml). Vitamin D deficiency was associated with higher systolic ABPM (136⯱â¯10 vs. 130⯱â¯13â¯mmHg; Pâ¯=â¯0.01) and daytime ABPM (138⯱â¯11 vs. 133⯱â¯13â¯mmHg; Pâ¯=â¯0.02), lower step counts (4400 [2700-6600] vs. 6400 [4700-8100] steps/day), lower urinary calcium (47 [32-141] vs. 89 [68-152] mEq), and higher fat mass (31⯱â¯8 vs. 27⯱â¯6.5â¯kg). Milk intake (37 vs. 64%; Pâ¯=â¯0.009) and fish (31 vs. 69%; Pâ¯<â¯0.001) were lower in deficients. On multivariate analysis, adjusted for fat mass and colder seasons, <5000 steps/day (ORâ¯=â¯3.30; 95%CI 1.34-8.12), no milk/fish intake (ORâ¯=â¯6.56; 95%CI 2.52-17.17), and both (ORâ¯=â¯7.24; 95%CI 2.19-23.90) remained associated with vitamin D deficiency. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes and associated with higher systolic ABPM (daytime and 24-h), less physical activity, and no milk or fish intake.