'Sustainability in the NHS': a novel method for teaching sustainable dentistry and quality improvement to dental core trainees.

The practice of dentistry contributes to 3% of the carbon footprint of the NHS. As awareness and concern about climate change increases, all dental care professionals must play their part in reducing the environmental impact of the care they provide. This paper aims to describe a novel method of teaching, both the theory and practical application of sustainable dentistry, by integrating sustainable quality improvement methods into the existing management and leadership requirements of dental core training.

Do other goals influence physical activity? A systematic review examining the relationship between other goals and physical activity behavior.

Promoting regular physical activity (PA) is essential to population health, yet intervention success has been modest. Most approaches have focused heavily on PA motivation but give limited attention to other facilitating and conflicting goals in daily life. The purpose of this review was to unite the literature examining other life goals and appraise their relationship with PA. Ten electronic databases were searched from February to December 2015 through EBSCO with the keywords: goal, facilitation, conflict, interference, intergoal, time displacement, behavioral resolve, cross-behavior, PA and exercise. Combined with manual bibliography and citation searches, 292 potentially relevant abstracts were screened, 40 of which full-text articles were retrieved. A total of 20 articles with 22 independent data-sets met the inclusion criteria and were included in the present review. Despite relatively heterogeneous measurement and a large proportion of cross sectional designs with student samples, the results indicated that PA is related to other life goals both in terms of facilitation (positive association) and conflict (negative association). Both facilitation and conflict goals had more consistent significant associations with PA when they were measured in terms of behavioral (e.g., study behavior, TV viewing) rather than higher-level objectives (e.g., getting healthy, being social). These goals explained additional variance in PA beyond PA intentions, plans, and perceived behavioral control and helped translate positive intentions into behavior. The results suggest that PA interventions should consider PA motivation with the integration of other facilitating and conflicting goals in one's daily life; however, better measurement of goals, with more diverse samples in experimental designs are needed.

Understanding the Reasons behind Anticipated Regret for Missing Regular Physical Activity.

Anticipated affective reactions to missing physical activity (PA), often labeled anticipated regret, has reliable evidence as a predictor of PA intention and behavior independent of other standard social cognitive constructs. Despite this evidence, the sources of regret are understudied and may come from many different reasons. The purpose of this study was to theme the reasons for why people responded to anticipated regret over missing regular PA for 2 weeks. Participants were a random sample of 120 university students who were primed on the public health definition of PA, completed measures of regret, and were asked to list their reasons for regret. Ninety-five percent of participants expressed that they would regret not being active and gave a total of 357 reasons. The dominant theme (n = 247; 69%) was a missed opportunity to obtain the benefits of PA, followed by shame/guilt for not being able to follow-through with one's goals or self-categorized role (n = 99; 28%) with a final theme of perceived pressure from others (n = 11; 3%). From a practical perspective, the diversity of these reasons suggest that more clarity on the source of regret should be present in assessment, while building from both attitude and identity theories may help understand how regret motivates PA in future intervention.

Using short vignettes to disentangle perceived capability from motivation: a test using walking and resistance training behaviors.

Self-efficacy is arguably the strongest correlate of physical activity, yet some researchers suggest this is because the construct confounds ability with motivation. We examine a more circumscribed construct, called perceived capability (PC), meant to measure ability but not motivation and propose that the construct will not be related to unskilled physical activities but may be linked to skilled behaviors. The purpose of this paper was to examine whether a PC construct can be stripped of motivation using a vignette approach in both walking and resistance training behaviors. Participants were a random sample of 248 university students, who were then randomly assigned to either answer resistance training or walking behavior questions. Both groups completed a PC measure and reasons for their answer before and after reading a vignette that clarified the phrasing of capability to a literal use of the term. PC was significantly (p < .01) higher post- compared to pre-vignette and the differences were greater (p < .01) for walking than for resistance training. PC had significantly (p < .01) smaller correlations with intention and self-reported behavior post-disambiguation, which resulted in a null relationship with walking but a small correlation with resistance training behavior. When PC was combined with intention to predict behavior, however, there was no significant (p > .05) difference in the amount of variance explained pre- to post-vignette. Thought listing showed that participants did not report capability barriers to walking and over half of the sample construed capability as motivation/other priorities pre-vignette. The findings support use of a vignette approach for researchers who wish to disentangle the assessment of PC from motivation while creating no overall loss in explained variance of physical activity.

Text2Plan: Exploring changes in the quantity and quality of action plans and physical activity in a text messaging intervention.

BACKGROUND: The primary purpose of our study was to determine if the content and tailoring of text messages affected action planning and physical activity. Second, we determined if the quantity and the quality of action plans changed between a month of receiving text messages (T1-T2) and a month without text messages (T2-T3). We further explored if the quantity and quality of action plans predicted changes in physical activity at T2 and T3. METHODS: Adults (n = 337, M(age) = 30.72 ± 4.80) with intentions to be active were recruited on the internet. Participants were assigned to receive tailored text messages about action planning for physical activity, generic text messages about action planning for physical activity or generic text messages about physical activity. All participants received weekly planning tools. At T2 and T3, number of action plans created each month was tallied to generate a plan quantity score. For each plan created, three components (what, where and when) were assessed by independent coders to determine plan quality. Physical activity was assessed at each time point using the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire. Mixed model ANOVA, paired sample t-tests and multiple regression were applied to test our hypotheses. RESULTS: There were no differences in action planning or physical activity based on the content or tailoring of text messages. The absence of text messages corresponded with declines in the quantity, but not the quality, of action plans between T2 and T3. The quantity of action plans predicted changes in physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Although there were no differences in action planning or physical activity based on the content or tailoring of messages, the absence of text messages corresponded with declines in the quantity, but not the quality, of action plans. Furthermore, the quantity of action plans predicted changes in physical activity. Future research is needed to determine ways to facilitate sustained formation of multiple, specific action plans over the duration of action planning interventions.