Impact on Child Psychiatry.

The American pediatric mental health system is in crisis; the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted and exacerbated existing gaps. All youth were affected by the pandemic, an impact medicated by mental illness, the closing of schools, reduced access to mental health services, loss and bereavement, and financial and emotional stress on families. The pandemic's fallout is likely to be felt for years to come as today's youth move through successive developmental stages. Improvements in health care systems for youth, innovations in how care is delivered, and ongoing community support for recovery and resilience are needed moving forward.

The potential investment impact of improved access to accelerated approval on the development of treatments for low prevalence rare diseases.

BACKGROUND: Over 95% of rare diseases lack treatments despite many successful treatment studies in animal models. To improve access to treatments, the Accelerated Approval (AA) regulations were implemented allowing the use of surrogate endpoints to achieve drug approval and accelerate development of life-saving therapies. Many rare diseases have not utilized AA due to the difficulty in gaining acceptance of novel surrogate endpoints in untreated rare diseases. METHODS: To assess the potential impact of improved AA accessibility, we devised clinical development programs using proposed clinical or surrogate endpoints for fifteen rare disease treatments. RESULTS: We demonstrate that better AA access could reduce development costs by approximately 60%, increase investment value, and foster development of three times as many rare disease drugs for the same investment. CONCLUSION: Our research brings attention to the need for well-defined and practical qualification criteria for the use of surrogate endpoints to allow more access to the AA approval pathway in clinical trials for rare diseases.