Preoperative anxiety, postoperative pain tolerance and analgesia consumption: A prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Anxiety affects the patient's perception of postoperative pain and causes a significant increase in the consumption of analgesia postoperatively. OBJECTIVE: This study assesses the relationship between preoperative anxiety, postoperative pain and postoperative pethidine consumption. METHODS: A prospective cohort design was used. Data were collected from 100 patients who were undergoing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy at St Joseph Hospital, Jerusalem. Pain-controlled analgesia with pethidine was utilised to manage pain throughout the postoperative period. The visual analogue scale scores and pethidine consumption of all patients were recorded. FINDINGS: Participants' mean level of pain was higher in the preoperative period (mean visual analogue scale = 1.3) compared with their mean level of pain in the postoperative period (mean visual analogue scale = 0.5). There is a statistically significant difference between the participants' level of anxiety and postoperative pain level (p < 0.001). Gender, weight, level of education and smoking were predictors of developing preoperative anxiety. Also, gender, smoking and medication were statistically significant predictors of developing postoperative pain. Furthermore, gender, medical history and medication were statistically significant predictors of pethidine consumption postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: The preoperative anxiety reduction intervention should be promoted and implemented as routine care for all surgical patients.

Self-Medication and its Associated Factors among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Self-medication is a global concern among professionals and non-professionals, with a rapid increase in prevalence. The study aims to assess the prevalence of self-medication and its associated factors among university students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in three universities, and a total of 817 college students participated in this study. Results: About 75.40% of the participants reported using medications without a professional prescription. The category of analgesics was the most commonly used in self-medication (82.80%), while the most common symptom was a headache (81.50%). Almost 74.10% percent of participants who have practiced self-medication stated that the reason was the "lack of time to consult a physician." Most participants who have used self-medication (90.30%) stated that the source of knowledge was "previous prescription." Conclusions: Health education programs concerning self-mediation should be held in university settings to improve attitudes and practices toward self-mediation.

Breakfast Skipping and Associated Factors Among Jordanian University Students.

Background: Although breakfast skipping among university students is a significant concern, its prevalence and the contributing factors among university students have received little attention in the literature. This study aims to determine the prevalence of skipping breakfast among Jordanian university students and examine the associated factors and variations in rates of skipping breakfast by day of the week. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students between March and May 2022 through a self-questionnaire. A convenience sample of 891 students was chosen at four Jordanian public universities. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The prevalence of skipping breakfast among university students was 66%. The reasons for skipping breakfast were having no time due to oversleeping and having no feeling of hunger (59% for both), followed by having no energy to prepare the breakfast and making no difference (49% and 48%), and not being able to afford to eat or buy breakfast (19%). There is a strong correlation between eating fast food and skipping breakfast. With whom the student eats breakfast is significantly associated with breakfast skipping, revealing that the highest percentages of skipping occur with friends. About 63% of students skipped breakfast through university days compared with 37% on the weekend, while 37% of them had breakfast through university days compared with 67% on the weekend. Conclusions: A high percentage of university students in Jordan skip breakfast. More attention should be paid to correlating factors and developing interventions to help students adhere to the breakfast.

Critical Care Nurses' Knowledge of Tracheostomy Care.

Background: Tracheostomy care is a standard procedure that nurses perform in Critical Care Units (CCUs) to reduce complications from tracheostomy. The literature indicates a clear variety of care and practice in managing tracheostomy patients within the healthcare system. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge level of tracheostomy care among nurses in CCUs in Jordanian hospitals. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used for this study. A convenience sample of 260 nurses working in the CCUs of four government hospitals completed a self-reported structured questionnaire. Data were collected from January 2021 to March 2021. A t-test and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to assess the differences among socio-demographic variables in terms of knowledge score. Results: The result revealed that the level of knowledge was suboptimal. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean level of knowledge regarding tracheostomy care (in all dimensions) by age (F = 22.595, p < 0.001), educational level (F = 355.30, p < 0.001), and work experience (F = 13.63, p < 0.001). For gender, there was a statistically significant difference in knowledge of the tracheostomy suctioning dimension (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The level of knowledge among nurses regarding tracheostomy care was moderate, indicating an urgent need for education.

The influence of the pulmonary recruitment maneuver on post-laparoscopic shoulder pain in patients having a laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Post-laparoscopic shoulder pain is very common after laparoscopy. One method to reduce postoperative shoulder pain is the pulmonary recruitment maneuver. It is used to reduce post-laparoscopic shoulder pain. This study utilizes a truly experimental, double-blinded, prospective randomized design to assess the effect of pulmonary recruitment maneuvers on post-laparoscopic shoulder pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: Sixty patients were allocated randomly into two groups. The intervention group received five manual pulmonary inflations for 5 s at a maximum pressure of 25 cm H2O. The control group included patients whose residual CO2 gas was evacuated from the abdominal cavity using passive exsufflation as the routine method at the end of surgery by abdominal massage. Gentle abdominal pressure was applied to facilitate CO2 gas removal. RESULTS: When Ramsay's Sedation Score's results were compared between the two groups after the operation, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups during the first and (p value = 0.20) second (p value = 0.61) hours. A repeated measures ANOVA revealed that the pulmonary recruitment maneuver is significant (p-value 0.001) and had a high effect size (0.527) in reducing shoulder pain among laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients after controlling the effect of other covariate patient characteristics. CONCLUSION: Utilizing a pulmonary recruitment maneuver at the end of laparoscopic surgery reduces shoulder pain.

Jordanian Community People's Knowledge of and Attitudes Toward Dementia.

Introduction: Limited research exists on the knowledge and attitudes of Jordanian community residents toward people with dementia (PwD). As the prevalence of dementia is anticipated to increase, there is a critical need for informed knowledge and positive attitudes toward dementia in the Jordanian community. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate people's knowledge of and attitudes toward PwD and identify the predictors of dementia knowledge and attitudes. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional research design and utilized a self-administered questionnaire as the primary data collection method. The study employed the Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS) to evaluate the knowledge of the participants, and the Dementia Attitudes Scale (DAS) was utilized to assess their attitudes in the Jordanian community. Multiple regression analysis was performed to find relevant factors influencing knowledge of and attitude toward dementia. Results: The study's 346 participants revealed limited knowledge about dementia, with an average ADKS score of 17.21 out of 30. However, participants showed a positive attitude toward dementia, as evidenced by a mean DAS score of 88 out of 140. Statistical analysis demonstrated significantly higher knowledge scores among employed individuals (P < .05), while females exhibited significantly higher attitude scores (P < .05). Participants with experience in geriatric clinical practice, dementia education or training, informal caregiving experience, and a desire to learn more about dementia also exhibited significantly higher knowledge and attitude scores (P < .05). Conclusion: The study offers preliminary insights into the knowledge and attitudes toward dementia in the Jordanian population. The findings underscore the importance of continuing education and training to increase knowledge and understanding of dementia. Improving dementia care and support in Jordan requires enhancing knowledge and attitudes toward dementia. The study findings were presented to policymakers, with recommendations for strategic planning and the development of awareness programs. Future research can build upon these findings and promote evidence-based practices in dementia care and community awareness programs.

Knowledge and Compliance With Standard Precautions Among Nurses.

Introduction: The spread of microorganisms is caused by direct or indirect contact, respiratory droplets, and airborne transmission. Knowledge and compliance with standard precautions are crucial in preventing infection in the hospital. Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge and compliance with standard precautions among registered nurses who work in military hospitals and the factors affecting compliance with standard precautions. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Four hundred and eight registered nurses at three Jordanian Royal Medical Services hospitals completed an online self-report questionnaire using a convenience sampling technique. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25 was used to analyze the data. Results: The level of knowledge of standard precautions among nurses was excellent, with an overall mean score of 15.59 ± 2.22 out of 20; around half (54%) of them had an excellent level. Nurses' compliance with standard precautions was intermediate, with an overall mean score of 59.65 ± 14.57 out of 80. Forty-seven percent of nurses had a high degree of compliance. Compliance with standard precautions was correlated positively with age, working experience in years, total knowledge score, training in standard precautions, and availability of personal protective equipment, and negatively with exposure to sharp injuries. Conclusion: Nurses play a key role in preventing and managing hospital infections through their responsibility for a large proportion of patient treatment and care. Therefore, efforts should be made to improve nurses' perceptions of the basic elements of standard precautions. Even so, results showed that compliance with standard precautions was intermediate. This highlights the need to take the necessary measures to raise the level of compliance. Even so, results showed that compliance with standard precautions was intermediate. This highlights the need to take the necessary measures to raise the level of compliance.

Psychological Reactions of Lebanese Nurses to Workplace Violence in Critical Care Units.

Introduction: Workplace violence (WPV) is a growing concern that constitutes a major threat to occupational health and safety, thereby comprising a priority issue for policymakers. Given the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and comorbidities among the Lebanese population, nurses working in critical care settings encounter intense workloads and high-risk interactions, potentially increasing the risk of WPV. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the traumatic and psychological reactions of Lebanese critical nurses who have been exposed to WPV, and the risk factors for depression and anxiety. Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional descriptive correlational design; 112 critical care nurses from diverse departments took part in this study during the period of June to July 2021. Results: A positive, significant correlation between WPV exposure and self-reported anxiety was observed, p = .03 with high levels of WPV, especially among patients and their families. Although verbal abuse was found to be more prevalent among critical care nurses in Lebanon compared to physical and sexual violence, the severity of the situation and its impact on the nurses' mental health and well-being cannot be ignored. Conclusions: WPV for critical care nurses is a serious issue that needs to be considered. Policy-makers should develop the politics of regulating the nursing profession, especially for critical care nurses in Lebanon.

Depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among Jordanian midwives: A hospital-based study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in Jordanian midwives and identify associated factors. DESIGN: Setting and participants: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 321 registered midwives from 18 public hospitals in Jordan that provide antepartum, intrapartum, postpartum care, and family planning services. The survey included the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and demographic and professional data forms. FINDINGS: High rates of depression (76.2%); anxiety (85.3%) and stress (66.8%) symptoms were reported among midwives in Jordan. Midwives aged between 22 - 30 years reported more depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms than midwives in the other age groups. Married midwives had higher depression symptoms than single midwives. Midwives with < 10 years in practice had higher depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms compared to midwives with ≥ 10 years in practice. Midwives providing care for > 10 women per shift had higher anxiety and stress symptoms than midwives caring for five or less women per shift. Midwives who rotated between shifts had higher depression and stress symptoms than midwives who did not rotate. CONCLUSIONS: Rates of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms reported by Jordanian midwives were higher than rates reported by midwives in other countries. The high rates of distress highlight the urgent need for national strategies to support the emotional wellbeing and retention of midwives within Jordanian settings.

Midwifery and nursing students' perceptions of respectful maternity care and witnessing of disrespect and abuse: A comparative study from Nepal and Jordan.

OBJECTIVES: To compare Nepalese and Jordanian midwifery and nursing students' perceptions of respectful maternity care (RMC) and witnessing of disrespect and abuse; and determine factors that predict scores on a scale measuring perceptions of RMC. DESIGN: A descriptive, comparative design was used. SETTING: Recruitment took place from two medical colleges in Nepal and one University in Jordan. METHODS: A convenience sample of students (n = 276) enrolled in a Bachelor or Diploma level midwifery or nursing degree who were undertaking or had recently completed their midwifery clinical placement were recruited. The online or hard copy survey included the Students' Perceptions of Respectful Maternity Care (SPRMC) Scale and nine questions on witnessing different types of disrespect and abuse. FINDINGS: Nepalese students were slightly older (mean = 23.68 years) than Jordanian students (mean = 21.36). Mean duration of clinical placement was longer for Jordanian students (11.24 compared to 6.28 weeks). However, mean number of births observed was higher among Nepalese students (19.6 compared to 18.62). Overall, perceptions of RMC were more positive among Jordanian students (t (199.97) = 6.68, p < 0.001). A multiple regression analysis found that duration of clinical placement (beta = 0.22, p < 0.001), witnessing disrespect and abuse (beta = 0.11, p = 0.08) and age (beta = -0.14, p = 0.03) explained 12.2% of variance in SPMRC scores. Compared to students in Nepal, all Jordanian students had observed non-consented care during their clinical practicum. However, Nepalese students were more likely to observe poor adherence to women's privacy and confidentiality. KEY CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This is the first study to compare midwifery and nursing students' perceptions of RMC across two middle-income countries. Although Jordanian students held more positive perceptions of RMC than those in Nepal, more had witnessed different forms of disrespect and abuse. Variations in students' perceptions of RMC and witnessing of abuse across countries highlight the need for assessment of workplace cultures to inform the development of tailored education and practice interventions for students, clinicians, and managers. Future research needs to explore how to best support students to consistently offer RMC and how to improve the experiences of childbearing women.

Informative title: Effects of social support, parenting stress and self-efficacy on postpartum depression among adolescent mothers in Jordan.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effects of social support, parenting stress and maternal self-efficacy on postpartum depression among adolescent mothers in Jordan. BACKGROUND: Adolescent pregnancy may have serious health, social and economic consequences for young women, families and communities. In Jordan, the incidence of adolescent pregnancy has increased from 5% in 2012 to 15% in 2018. Little attention has been given to postpartum depression among adolescent mothers in Arab and Middle Eastern countries. METHOD: In a cross-sectional design using convenience sampling, 200 women aged less than 20 years, six to eight weeks postpartum and who could speak and read Arabic were interviewed in a participating health clinic. The interview occurred before or after a woman's scheduled clinic appointment and included socio-demographic data, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Maternity Social Support Scale (MSSS), Parenting Stress Scale (PSS) and Perceived Self-efficacy Scale (PSES). Data collection took place between December of 2018 and April of 2019. Reporting followed the STROBE guidelines. RESULTS: Results revealed that 28.5% of adolescent mothers had probable postpartum depression. Mothers who reported high social support, high parenting stress, low self-efficacy, financial stress and marital conflict had significantly higher EPDS scores than those who did not report these stressors. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of postpartum depression reported in this study warrants immediate action on early assessment, detection and intervention. High levels of social support may feel overwhelming for young mothers and contribute to high parenting stress, low maternal self-efficacy and marital conflict. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Adolescent mothers are at increased risk of PPD compared to mothers over 20 years of age. Perceived quality rather than availability of social support needs to be considered. Young mothers require education and early intervention prevention strategies to better prepared them for motherhood and manage stressors associated with their changing social role.

Oral Sucrose for Neonatal Pain: Perception of Jordanian Nurses.

BACKGROUND: Neonatal pain management using sucrose has been an established practice in Western countries. However, in the developing world, the practice is still not widely accepted. Neonatal nurses' perceptions about the neonatal pain experience and efficacy of oral sucrose may influence that decision. PURPOSE: To investigate Jordanian neonatal nurses' perceptions about the use of oral sucrose for neonatal pain. DESIGN AND SAMPLE: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used to collect data from 191 neonatal nurses working in 3 different hospital settings in northern and middle central Jordan. MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLES: Knowledge and perception of Jordanian nurses about neonatal pain and oral sucrose and their relationship to demographic variables. RESULTS: More than half of nurses had knowledge deficit about pain management. Fifty-five percent of the nurses had a positive perception toward pain assessment tools, and the majority indicated positive opinion toward oral sucrose usage. Demographic factors can impact their perceptions.

Effects of early umbilical cord clamping versus delayed clamping on maternal and neonatal outcomes: a Jordanian study.

Objective: To compare the effects of early versus delayed cord clamping of term births on maternal and neonatal outcomes.Method: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at the Jordan University Hospital in Amman. One hundred twenty-eight mothers expecting a full-term singleton baby were assigned to delayed cord clamping (90 seconds) or early cord clamping (<30 seconds).Results: Delayed cord clamping was associated with higher hemoglobin levels among newborns after 12 hours. On the other hand, early cord clamping was associated with an increased need for oxygen therapy among newborns and occurrence of postpartum hemorrhage among mothers. There were no differences between the groups on any other variable (Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes, admission to NICU, baby bilirubin levels after 12 hours and day 3 of birth, and mothers' Hb levels after 12 hours of childbirth).Conclusion: Term babies receiving delayed cord clamping had improved hemoglobin levels with no adverse effect on other maternal and neonatal variables. Creating evidence-based practice guidelines for umbilical cord clamping in Jordanian hospitals is essential to improve neonatal and maternal health.

"Resumption of Sexuality and Health Education in Postpartum Period: From Jordanian Health Care Professionals' Perspectives".

Objective: to explore Jordanian health care professionals' perspectives about sexual education after giving birth. Methods: a descriptive qualitative approach was used to address the study aim. A purposive sampling method was used to recruit seven midwives, 13 nurses and two obstetricians from three Primary Health Centres. The inclusion criteria were: midwives, nurses or obstetricians with at least two years' experience and currently working at a maternity health centre. Focus group discussions were used to collect data. A manual Thematic Content Analysis Tool was used to analyse the data. Results: five major themes emerged. Silence; resumption of sexuality after giving birth/area of conflict; men's authority in resumption of sexuality; the importance of sexual education (what, when and whom) and suggestions for sexual education approaches. Conclusions: Healthcare professionals were hesitant to open sexuality topic with the women during antenatal and postnatal visits due to cultural limitations and lack of knowledge. Therefore, in a time of global migration, the healthcare professionals have the need to understand cultural differences in attitude towards health care issues involving sexuality.

Postpartum depression symptoms among Syrian refugee women living in Jordan.

Postpartum depression (PPD) is recognized as a common maternal health problem, but few studies have investigated the postpartum mental health of refugee women. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the prevalence of PPD symptoms and associated factors among Syrian refugee women living in north Jordan. Women (N = 365) were recruited from four health care centers in Ramtha and Jarash, cities in northern Jordan. Participants completed a demographic data form, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the Maternal Social Support Scale at 6-8 weeks postpartum. Half (49.6%; n = 181) of the Syrian refugee women scored >12 on the EPDS. PPD symptoms were significantly associated with low social support, low monthly income, and recent immigration (less than 2 years). There is a high level of PPD symptoms among Syrian refugee women, many of whom are living in poverty and with limited social support. The results highlight the need for immediate action by governments to support childbearing refugee women with early screening for psychosocial risk and respond to women's physical and mental health, and social needs through interservice collaboration. Social support programs would meet an important need for these women, as would ongoing assessment by health professionals and early intervention for women who screen positive for PPD.

Postnatal women's perspectives on the feasibility of introducing postpartum home visits: a Jordanian study.

In Jordan, there is a deficiency in postnatal care provided to women and their newborns. This study investigated the feasibility of initiating postnatal home visits in Jordan. Thirty Jordanian mothers who had recently given birth were recruited from two governmental hospitals in the northern region of Jordan to participate in a qualitative study through face-to-face, voice-recorded interviews. The findings revealed that initiating postnatal home visits as part of postnatal care was well-received by the participants. Mothers' views and perceptions regarding postpartum home visits play an integral role in finding areas to improve postnatal services.

Infant Resuscitation Practices of Midwives in a Developing Country.

BACKGROUND: Effective basic newborn resuscitation is an important strategy to reduce the incidence of birth asphyxia and associated newborn outcomes. Outcomes for newborns can be markedly improved if health providers have appropriate newborn resuscitation skills. PURPOSE: To evaluate the skills of midwives in newborn resuscitation in delivery rooms in Jordan. METHODS: Data were collected from observation of 118 midwives from National Health Service hospitals in the north of Jordan who performed basic newborn resuscitation for full-term neonates. A structured checklist of 14 items of basic skills of resuscitation was used. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The results highlighted the lack of appropriate performance of the 8 necessary skills at birth by midwives. About 17.8% of midwives had performed the core competencies at birth (ie, assessing breathing pattern/crying, cleaning airways) appropriately and met the standard sequence. Less than half of midwives assessed skin color (40.7%) and breathing pattern or crying (41.5%) appropriately with or without minor deviations from standard sequences. Of the 6 skills that had to be performed by midwives at 30 seconds up to 5 minutes after birth, 4 skills were not performed by about one-quarter of midwives. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE AND RESEARCH: The midwives' practices at the 2 hospitals of this study were not supported by best practice international guidelines. The study showed that a high proportion of midwives had imperfect basic newborn resuscitation skills despite a mean experience of 8 years. This highlights the critical need for continuing medical education in the area of basic newborn resuscitation. The results highlight the need for formal assessment of midwives' competence in basic newborn resuscitation. National evidence-based policies and quality assurance are needed to reflect contemporary practice.

Postpartum evaluation of vitamin D among a sample of Jordanian women.

The aims of this study were to explore the vitamin D status among a sample of Jordanian postpartum women and identify factors associated with vitamin D deficiency. A total of 171 postpartum women agreed to participate. Participants completed a questionnaire on factors related to vitamin D deficiency and provided a blood sample to assess their plasma vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels using DIA source Immuno-Assays S.A. ANALYSIS: The majority of women (76%, n = 130) had vitamin D deficiency and 24% (n = 41) of participants had vitamin D insufficiency. Factors associated with vitamin D deficiency were younger age (< 30 years), low education level, unemployment, multiparity, lactation, dress style, limited sunlight exposure, high BMI, dark skin colour and lack of multivitamin use. Vitamin D supplementation must be considered during pregnancy and lactation to prevent hypovitaminosis in both mother and baby.

Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D Among Jordanian Healthy Infants: A Descriptive Cross Sectional Study.

UNLABELLED: To determine vitamin D deficiency and associated risk factors of hypovitaminosis D among Jordanian healthy infants. DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 171 infants receiving a routine health check at a Maternal and Child Health Care Center were recruited. Plasma vitamin D 25-OHD level was assessed using a standard analysis of a blood sample. Other data collected included age, gender, birth order, season of birth, and mode of feeding. RESULTS: Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (≤15 ng/mL) was 77% (132 out of 171 infants). Infants at risk of vitamin D deficiency were those between 1 to 6 months of age, male, third born or later, born in winter, and exclusively breastfed. The multivariate model showed birth order to be the largest contributor of vitamin D deficiency (R(2)=0.196), followed by breastfed infants (R(2)=0.071), infants born in winter (R(2)=0.037), male gender (R(2)=0.028), and infants aged between 1 and 6 months (R(2)=0.027). CONCLUSION: Hypovitaminosis D appears to be more common among healthy infants in Jordan. Hypovitaminosis D was found to be common among third or later exclusively breastfeed male infants aged 1 to 6 months who were born during winter. PRACTICE IMPLICATION: Maternal and child health nurses have a critical role to play in educating mothers about the importance of preventing hypovitaminosis D through adequate sun exposure and ensuring adequate supplementation. A higher dose of vitamin D supplementation for high-risk infants beyond the age of 1 year from developing countries should be administered.

Development and Validation of Women's Satisfaction With Hospital-Based Intrapartum Care Scale in Jordan.

BACKGROUND: Measuring satisfaction with care during labor is an important way to improve maternity services for women. This study was undertaken to develop an instrument to measure women's satisfaction with intrapartum hospital-based care. METHOD: A multidimensional instrument was initially developed, using three core aspects identified from the literature. An expert panel was convened to further modify the instrument. Finally, a total of 300 low-risk women who gave birth in the past 2 months were asked to complete the instrument to assess validity and reliability. FINDINGS: The 14-item instrument was found to have content and construct validity as well as a high level of reliability (α = .88). CONCLUSIONS: This new instrument is a valid and reliable measure of satisfaction with intrapartum care in a Jordanian setting. The instrument can provide valuable information on the quality of services and on future planning for maternity services.