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Background: Infants are in a critical period during which often occur many problems, such as growth, development, and motor delays. One of the interventions that can potentially reduce these problems is by giving a massage therapy. Purpose: This study aims to conduct a systematic scoping review of massage therapy's potential for growth and development among infants under nine months. Methods: This study followed a Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA-ScR). We collected data from three databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL with full text, published in 2013-2022, subjects aged less than nine months, full-text articles, and randomized controlled trials. Studies were excluded if they were not in English. Results: Of the 11 studies found, it shows that therapy massage can effectively increase infants' growth and development, including body weight, length, visual-motor coordination and integration, hand-eye, hearing, speech, social, vagal activity, language, locomotion, stationary, and reflexes. The interventions include medium chain triglyceride oil massage, Dabur Lal Tail massage, oil massage, massage by mothers, and massage therapy without additives for 5-45 minutes. In addition, massage therapy has a positive effect on infants with various conditions, including preterm infants, infants with HIV-infected mothers, and infants with Down's syndrome. Conclusion: Our findings highlight that infants receiving massage therapy were significantly more likely to increase growth and development than the population who were not given massage therapy. However, further investigation into preventing the severity of growth and developmental problems is urgently needed.
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Background: Bullying can happen to every human in the community, including children with disability and their families. Children with disabilities, as a vulnerable group in a community, may experience different types of bullying and have different responses to it. Purpose: This study aimed to identify bullying experiences in children with disabilities based on teachers' and parents' perspectives. Methods: This study used a qualitative descriptive research design. Participants in this study consisted of two groups, namely parents and teachers in Special Schools, with 18 people (eight parents and ten teachers) in the Pangandaran Regency area, Indonesia, from May to June 2023. The sampling technique chosen was purposive sampling. The data collection process used Focused Group Discussion (FGD) throughout the semi-structured interview. The data was analyzed by thematic analysis. This study applied NVIVO 12 software to assist with data categorization and framework based on participant statements and observations (QSR International). Results: The data from the discussion were analyzed using thematic analysis methods to find relevant themes were found in the statements expressed by the participants. The results of the data analysis obtained three main themes related to bullying in children with disabilities, namely the type of bullying, the impact of bullying, and the responses to bullying. Conclusion: A support group is necessary to establish a source of parental coping and increase resilience in caring for children with special needs.
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Background: Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are more likely to have deficient serum levels of vitamin D for bone metabolism. However, appropriate interventions are essential to prevent its progression and alleviate symptoms. Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine interventions for managing bone disease in children with SCD. Methods: This study uses a scoping review. A literature review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar search engines. The study was eligible for inclusion if it included articles published from 2013 to 2023, full-text, and original study design. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) appraisal tool. Results: This review identified six studies and 114 children with SCD, including 57 boys (50%) and 57 girls (50%). The majority of SCD types experienced were HbSS (86.84%), HbS-B0 Thal (7.01%), HbSC (5.27%), and the HbSS Arab-Indian haplotype (0.88%). Bone disease problems that often arise in children with SCD include Avascular Necrosis (AVN) (78.08%), Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head (ONFH) (18.42%), and other bone problems (3.50%). Meanwhile, four types of intervention findings were used in managing bone disease among children with SCD: 1). Surgical procedures 53 (41.09%) included total hip arthroplasty (THA), Osteotomy, and Multiple epiphyseal drilling with Autologous Bone Marrow Implantation (AMBI); 2). Invasive procedures 67 (51.93%) included intravenous bisphosphonates, hydroxyurea (HU), and core decompression (CD) with bone marrow aspirate concentrate injection: 3). Oral pharmacological or Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) 4 (3.10%); 4). Non-pharmacology or physical therapy 5 (3.88%). Conclusion: Our findings highlight that surgical, invasive, pharmacological, and physical therapy interventions positively impact increasing bone mineral density (BMD) and functional improvement of bone disease among children with SCD. The interventions provided excellent functional outcomes with minimal complications and no life-threatening side effects.
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Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disorder in childhood. CP limits movement, which can interfere with children's daily activities. As a technology that provides intensive mass practice to children, virtual reality (VR) can create an interactive and motivating environment. With the intensity set by the therapist and feedback that can be used to produce individualized therapy, VR has great potential to improve CP patients' quality of life, especially in a safe, enjoyable, and playful environment. Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to determine the effectiveness of VR for children with CP. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search based on the PRISMA guidelines through PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Wiley, and ProQuest to assess the efficacy of VR in managing children with CP up to 15 September 2022. Risk assessment of bias was performed using Cochrane RoB 2. Results: Nineteen randomized controlled trials with 467 and 427 patients with CP were included in the intervention and control groups in qualitative and quantitative analyses. Participants consisted of cerebral palsy with hemiplegia (n=7), diplegia (n=2), a combination of both (n=4), and undefined (n=13). From all studies conducted, VR showed significant results where VR could improve balance (MD: 2.71[1.95, 3.48]; p < 0.00001), motor function (MD: 3.73 [1.67, 5.79]; p = 0.0004), and activity daily living (MD: 10.05 [2.89, 17.22]. However, VR showed not effective in improving upper limb function. Conclusion: With its advantages and excellent effectiveness, VR may improve functional mobility and the quality of life of children with CP.
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Background: Stunting is a common nutritional problem in children. Many risk factors contributing to stunting are identified in the literature. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy is useful for preventing impairment of fetal bone growth in the womb. However, lack of review in exploring supplementation of prenatal vitamin D is related to stunting in children. Purpose: This study aims to identify the effectiveness of prenatal vitamin D supplementation in preventing stunting. Methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library. Inclusion criteria were a randomized controlled trial study, published between 2011-2023, a full-text article for pregnant women and an independent variable supplement vitamin D to prevent children's stunting. The keywords used in English were "children OR child" AND "pregnant women" AND "preventive stunting" AND "vitamin D". Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) appraisal tool. Results: From the results of the study selection of 511 articles, 11 articles met the inclusion and eligibility criteria for study analysis. Four studies indicated that the administration of vitamin D did not influence the length of the neonate's body or the Length for Age Z-Score (LAZ), used as an indicator of stunting. However, seven articles demonstrated that providing vitamin D supplements to pregnant women impacted various aspects of anthropometry, including the length of the neonate's body. Our findings show that the dosage used of vitamin D in pregnancy varied between 1400-60,000 per week. Overall, results of this study analysis show that the intervention of prenatal vitamin D supplementation has an impact on the prevention of stunting. Conclusion: This literature review highlighted the benefits of maternal vitamin D during pregnancy and for the children's growth. Prenatal vitamin D supplementation is needed to prevent stunting.
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Background: The incidence of chronic diseases in children is increasing worldwide, which can disrupt the quality of life. Family empowerment (FE) is one approach to strengthen family care among children with chronic diseases. In addition, internet has the potential in healthcare service interventions for families. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of internet-based family empowerment interventions among children with chronic diseases. Methods: The study used a mixed-methods systematic review. A literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines using the PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and CINAHL databases. We used the PCC framework: chronic diseases (Population), family empowerment (Concept), and internet-based intervention (Context). Studies were eligible if published between 2013 and 2023, full-text, original study design, and focused on family empowerment in children with chronic diseases. Studies would be excluded if they were not in English or if the population was adults. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) version 2018. The study analysis used Sequential Explanatory Synthesis, which is a quantitative study (QUAN) synthesis followed by a qualitative study (QUAL) synthesis, then integrated using the QUAL data transformation technique. Results: We highlight the quantitative study findings that an internet-based family empowerment intervention positively impacted family members' ability to care for children with chronic diseases with a mean Family Empowerment Scale (FES) total score of 4.13. We analyzed six study and identified four themes regarding efficacy of internet-based interventions in empowering families with children with chronic diseases: knowledge; availability of resources and time-saving; connectedness and communication; and family management and self-confidence. Conclusion: Our study highlights that online-based interventions in family empowerment positively impact enhancing all domains of empowerment. This findings suggest that internet-based family interventions need to be adopted to fulfill the care needs of children with chronic diseases sustainably.
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Background: The high number of cases of COVID-19 has caused an increase in workload and a shortage of medical personnel in various countries, so volunteers are needed, such as health students. However, becoming a volunteer during a pandemic is influenced by motivational factors and barriers. Purpose: This study aims to identify the motivations and barriers of health students as COVID-19 volunteers. Methods: This study uses a systematic scoping review. A literature review was conducted using CINAHL, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. The study was eligible for inclusion if it included articles published from 2020 to 2022, full-text, and primary studies. Studies were excluded if they were not in English. The keywords used in English were "health students OR nursing students OR medical students" AND "motivation OR willingness" AND "Barriers" AND "volunteer OR volunteering OR volunteerism OR voluntary" AND "COVID-19 OR covid-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 OR COVID-19 pandemic". Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) appraisal tool. Results: We found 12 articles showing motivational factors and barriers among health students volunteering to control COVID-19. Motivational factors include domain values, understanding, enhancement, career, incentive, government, social, and demographics. In contrast, barriers include fear, lack of training and knowledge, PPE shortage, unpreparedness and role uncertainty, and lack of interest, support, and protection. Conclusion: Our findings highlight that eight motivational factors and seven barriers influence health students' involvement in COVID-19 volunteering. However, to optimize the potential of health students, further preparation is essential to ensure that students can volunteer effectively, such as integrating volunteer training programs into the curriculum in preparation for future pandemic mitigation.