Comparison of different cementing techniques for cement penetration under tibial component in total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective observational study.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the differences in cement penetration between cementing techniques in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated knee undergone TKA at our hospital for both preoperative and postoperative computed tomographic (CT) evaluations. Cementing was performed with hand mixing and hand packing (HM group) and with vacuum mixing and cement gun use (VM group). We measured the area under the tibial baseplate (sclerotic and nonsclerotic sides) and compared the mean and maximum depths of cement penetration at each area. RESULTS: Of the 44 knees evaluated, 20 and 24 knees were in the HM and VM groups, respectively. At the center of the sclerotic side, the mean penetration depths (2.0 ± 0.7 and 2.5 ± 0.7 mm, p = 0.02) and the maximum penetration depths (4.0 ± 0.9 and 5.0 ± 1.6 mm, p = 0.02) were significantly deeper in the VM group than in the HM group. The correlation between preoperative Hounsfield unit values and mean penetration were r = -0.617 (p < 0.01) and -0.373 (p = 0.01) in the HM and VM groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: The cementing technique of vacuum mixing and using a cement gun allowed for deeper cement penetration compared with the hand mixing and hand packing technique, even in bone sclerotic sites.

Trends in infectious spondylitis from 2000 to 2020.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the trends in infectious spondylitis over the past two decades. METHODS: We included 157 cases, from 2000 to 2020, of infectious spondylitis. The cases were divided into two groups: 00 (cases during 2000-2009; 82 cases:) and 10 (cases during 2010-2020; 75 cases) groups. Patients' age, sex, causative organism, and localization were examined and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The proportions of women in the 00 and 10 groups were 30.5% and 38.7%, respectively, with no significant difference (P = 0.28). The average age was significantly higher in the 10 group (72.6 years) than in the 00 group (68.8 years; P < 0.01). A compromised host was the cause of infection in 52.4% and 36.0% of the patients in the 00 and 10 groups, respectively, showing a significant difference. The bacterial identification rates were 70.1% and 77.3% in the 00 and 10 groups, respectively (P < 0.01), and the genus Staphylococcus was the most common bacteria. The proportions of resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the 00 and 10 groups were 27.3% and 6.7%, respectively (P < 0.01). Conversely, infectious diseases caused by indigenous bacteria in the oral cavity and intestines were more common in the 10group (37.8%) than in the 00 group (13.0%), showing a significant difference (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Recently, infections caused by indigenous bacteria in the oral cavity and intestines have increased more than those caused by resistant bacteria over the past two decade.

Association between phase angle and clinical outcomes in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis from the preoperative to 12-month postoperative period: A prospective observational study.

No reports of longitudinal studies on phase angle (PhA) in lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) exist, and its association with postoperative clinical outcomes is unclear. We longitudinally investigated PhA in patients with LSS preoperatively to 12 months postoperatively and determined the association between PhA and the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score. This prospective observational study included patients who underwent consecutive surgical treatments for clinically and radiologically defined LSS. Outcome measures including walking speed, Timed Up and Go test (TUG), JOA score, and PhA based on bioelectrical impedance analysis were measured preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Correlations between PhA and the JOA score and motor function were analyzed. The effect of PhA on JOA scores was evaluated using mixed-effect models for repeated measurements (MMRM). Eighty-nine patients were included at baseline, and 85, 85, and 78 patients were analyzed at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, respectively. PhA was 3.9 ± 0.8 (p = 0.086), 4.0 ± 0.8 (p = 0.644), and 4.1 ± 0.9 (p = 0.791) at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively and 4.2 ± 0.8 at baseline. PhA was significantly correlated with the JOA score (p < 0.01) and walking speed and TUG results (p < 0.01) at all assessment points. In the MMRM, PhA was associated with the JOA score at all assessment points. Changes in postoperative JOA scores after lumbar spine surgery are associated with PhA at each assessment time point. PhA may be a useful postoperative clinical indicator after surgery for LSS.

Intra-Articular Injection of Chitin Nanofiber Attenuates Osteoarthritis: An Experimental Study in a Rat Model of Osteoarthritis.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chitin nanofibers (CNF) produced from crab shells as a medical material for the knee in an osteoarthritic rat model. Methods: The effect of intra-articular CNF injection was evaluated histologically among three groups: saline, hyaluronic acid (HA), and CNF injection groups. The Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) cartilage, subchondral bone, synovial, and meniscus scores were used for scoring. Results: At 4 weeks, the CNF group had significantly lower scores than the saline group. The Synovial score was lower in HA and CNF groups at 4 weeks than in the saline group. At 4 weeks post-treatment, the thickening of the subchondral bone plate and angiogenesis were significantly reduced in the CNF treatment group compared to those in the saline treatment group (P = 0.02). Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory effects of CNF on knee osteoarthritis were comparable to that of HA in the early stages.

Characteristics of patients presenting with concomitant carpal tunnel syndrome at the initial diagnosis with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients who presented with concomitant carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) at the initial diagnosis with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: We analyzed patients with newly diagnosed RA at a single institution between 2012 and 2021. Patient demographic and laboratory data, the 2010 ACR/EULAR classification criteria, and the duration from the initial visit to RA diagnosis were compared between RA patients with concomitant CTS (RA with CTS group) and those without CTS (RA without CTS group). RESULTS: The study included 235 patients (157 females), of which 11 patients (4.7%) presented with CTS at the initial diagnosis with RA. In the RA with CTS group, the age was significantly higher (P = .033), all patients were female, and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) was negative, and the duration to RA diagnosis was longer than in the RA without CTS group. Among all RA with CTS patients, ultrasonography showed power Doppler signal-positive tenosynovitis in the carpal tunnel, which is not usually detected in idiopathic CTS. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with concomitant CTS at the initial diagnosis with RA were characterized by old age, female sex, and negative ACPA. Patients with symptoms of CTS should undergo ultrasonography for early diagnosis of RA.

Comprehensive analysis of microRNA expression in lumbar facet joint capsules and synovium of patients with osteoarthritis: Comparison between early-stage and late-stage osteoarthritis samples from a single individual.

BACKGROUND: MicroRNA is attracting attention as a therapeutic target for osteoarthritis. We focused on joint capsules and synovium in lumbar facet joint osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to identify microRNAs that are upregulated in lumbar facet joint capsules and synovium with osteoarthritis. METHODS: We included patients who underwent spinal fusion for degenerative lumbar spine diseases. We selected patients who had both early-stage and late-stage facet joint osteoarthritis in a single individual. We extracted joint capsule and synovium samples from these patients and isolated microRNAs. During the screening phase, we compared early-stage and late-stage osteoarthritis samples from the same individual. We identified microRNAs with >2-fold change in expression in 75% or more of patients with late-stage osteoarthritis using next generation sequencing. During the technical validation phase, the same samples were used for real-time polymerase chain reaction. We identified microRNAs with >2-fold change in expression in 62.5% or more of patients with late-stage osteoarthritis. RESULTS: Of 40 patients who underwent spinal fusion, we selected eight patients with both early-stage and late-stage facet joint osteoarthritis. During the screening phase, we identified eight upregulated microRNAs out of 2274 microRNAs in late-stage OA. In late-stage OA, two microRNAs (miR-133a-5p and miR-144-3p) were upregulated in seven patients and six microRNAs (miR-133a-3p, miR-133b, miR-206, miR-20a-5p, miR-301a-3p, and miR-32-5p) were upregulated in six patients. During the technical validation phase, we found significant upregulation of miR-144-3p expression in late-stage osteoarthritis compared with early-stage osteoarthritis. Expression of the other microRNAs was not significantly different according to the paired-t test. However, miR-133a-3p, miR-133b, and miR-206 were upregulated >2-fold in 62.5% or more of patients with late-stage osteoarthritis. CONCLUSIONS: Some of the microRNAs identified in this study might be involved in joint capsule degeneration or synovitis.

Relationship among Osteoporosis, Sarcopenia, Locomotive Syndrome, and Spinal Kyphosis in Older Individuals Living in a Local Mountain Area.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional cohort study. PURPOSE: This study investigated the relationship among osteoporosis, sarcopenia, locomotive syndrome, and spinal kyphosis in older individuals living in a mountain area. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Kyphosis greatly reduces the quality of life of older individuals. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are kyphosiscausing factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 361 individuals aged ≥65 years (mean age, 75.0 years) living in a local mountain area and underwent medical check-ups from 2014 to 2018. The survey items included kyphosis index, body mass index, back pain prevalence, back pain Visual Analog Scale score, Oswestry Disability Index, walking speed, grip strength, skeletal mass index, osteoporosis (% young adult mean [YAM]), LOCOMO 5 score, and presence of sarcopenia (Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia). The participants were divided into the N (kyphosis index: <12; n=229, 63.4%), M (kyphosis index: 12-15; n=99, 27.4%), and K (kyphosis index: ≥15; n=33, 9.2%) groups. p -values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. An association factor of kyphosis (kyphosis index: ≥15) was investigated with logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Age and LOCOMO 5 scores were significantly higher (p <0.05) and %YAM and walking speed were significantly lower (p <0.05) in the K group than in the M and N groups. Other survey items showed significant differences. Only %YAM (odds ratio, 0.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.04-0.96) was an independent factor associated with a kyphosis index of ≥15. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased muscle mass and muscle strength would be related to kyphosis; however, no such relations were noted. Bone loss was significantly related to kyphosis. Osteoporosis-induced decrease in vertebral body height is present in the background. Sarcopenia and locomotive syndrome were not related to kyphosis, whereas decreased bone density was independently associated with kyphosis in older individuals living in a mountain area.

Simultaneous bilateral basicervical femoral neck fractures in a patient with osteomalacia: A case report and literature review.

A thin patient with a history of eating disorders developed basicervical femoral neck fracture bilaterally and simultaneously due to vitamin D deficiency osteomalacia. A careful evaluation in thin patients with thigh pain, including bone biopsy, is required to avoid overlooking osteomalacia.

Impact of Sarcopenia on Spinal Spondylosis: A Literature Review.

Sarcopenia and spinal spondylosis (SS) are important health challenges among older individuals; however, data regarding the effect of sarcopenia on SS are lacking. Hence, we aimed to organize the existing knowledge on the impact of sarcopenia on SS and explore potential issues in the available literature. We examined the trends and interventions regarding sarcopenia and SS, searching five databases (PubMed, Embase, CINHAL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) from inception to January 2023. Sarcopenia-related events were screened, selected, and reviewed, ultimately identifying 19 relevant studies. The identified reports were predominantly retrospective observational studies addressing lumbar degenerative spine disease (LDSD). Sarcopenia could negatively impact the quality of life and postoperative outcomes in several diseases, including cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and LDSD. However, there was no consensus among the studies regarding the relationship between sarcopenia and pain. These discrepancies were attributed to gaps in the assessment of sarcopenia, which the current study identifies as important challenges. This review identified several problems in the literature, including the limited number of studies examining CSM, adult spinal deformity (ASD) and scoliosis, and the retrospective study design of most reports. The further accumulation of quality research is needed to clarify the relationship between SS and sarcopenia.

Urinary pentosidine level is associated with the risk of fracture in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective observational study.

A history of fracture in adulthood and urinary pentosidine levels were independently and significantly associated with fracture occurrence in this prospective observational study of community-dwelling older adults. PURPOSE: This prospective observational study aimed to determine the factors associated with fragility fractures in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: Overall, 254 older adults who were participants of the Good Aging and Intervention Against Nursing Care and Activity Decline study in 2016 were included in this study. Grip strength, muscle mass, gait speed, calcaneal bone density, and the levels of parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, total procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b, and urinary pentosidine were measured at baseline. Participants were classified as fracture ( +) or fracture (-) based on the data collected during a 5-year follow-up period. RESULTS: Excluding those who were lost to follow-up during the observation period, 182 participants (64 men and 118 women, mean age: 74.2 years, range: 47-99 years) were included in the analysis. During the observation period, 23 patients experienced 24 new fractures. In univariate analysis, sex, height, weight, history of fracture in adulthood, baseline grip strength, muscle mass, bone density, and the levels of urinary pentosidine and IGF-1 at baseline were significantly different between patients who developed a fracture during follow-up and those who did not. In multivariate analysis, a history of fracture in adulthood and urinary pentosidine levels were independently and significantly associated with fracture occurrence. CONCLUSION: High urine pentosidine levels and a history of fracture in adulthood are independent risk factors for fracture occurrence in community-dwelling older adults.

Factors associated with mortality in patients with extremity necrotizing soft-tissue infections: a single academic center experience.

PURPOSE: Necrotizing soft-tissue infection (NSTI) is a surgical emergency associated with high mortality. This study primarily aimed to identify the factors associated with in-hospital mortality due to NSTI in the extremities at a single institution. Secondarily, we aimed to clarify the effectiveness of the optimal combination of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) and surgery for NSTI treatment. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. METHODS: This study included all patients newly diagnosed with NSTI in the extremity from 2003 to 2021 in our hospital. Factors associated with mortality, including patient's characteristics, duration from onset to hospitalization, NSTI type, and clinical data at the initial visit; acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis score, and sequential organ failure assessment score; treatment, initial surgery, surgery times, amputation, HBOT, combined surgery with HBOT, and clinical outcomes; amputation rate, mortality rate, and hospitalization duration were examined. RESULTS: A total of 37 cases were treated for NSTIs. The median age was 64 years (range: 22-86). Five cases (13.5%) died during hospitalization. Ten patients were diagnosed with DIC at the initial visit, of whom four died. HBOT combined with surgery was performed in 23 cases, and 16 cases underwent multiple surgeries. Factors associated with mortality included DIC (p = 0.015, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.015-0.633) and multiple surgeries combined with HBOT (p = 0.028, 95% CI: 1.302-95.418). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that DIC at the initial visit is associated with mortality in extremity NSTI. Additionally, HBOT might improve prognosis when combined with multiple surgeries.

A case of septic arthritis of the elbow joint in rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed by arthroscopic synovectomy.

We report a case of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) septic arthritis of the elbow detected by arthroscopic synovectomy in an 81-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who was initially diagnosed with a rheumatoid arthritis flare-up. The patient was administered abatacept, an antirheumatic biological agent, as the synovial fluid culture was negative. Destruction of the joint progressed despite medication, and the patient underwent arthroscopic synovectomy. MRSA was detected in the culture of the synovium that was collected intraoperatively, and septic arthritis was diagnosed. The infection subsided with anti-MRSA antibiotics, but the patient continued to experience moderate pain and limited motion. In RA patients, it might be difficult to differentiate minor findings from infection. Arthroscopic synovectomy is one of the selectable procedures that should be actively considered when infection is suspected.

Factors associated with perioperative deep vein thrombosis in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is reportedly associated with a higher incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) incidence than other arthroscopic surgical procedures. The aim of this study is to retrospectively investigate the incidence and type of DVT and evaluate the relationship between DVT and risk factors among all patients who underwent ACLR under uniform conditions consisting of mechanical prophylaxis, no medical prophylaxis, and preoperative and postoperative lower extremity venous ultrasonography. METHODS: Of the 114 patients who underwent arthroscopic primary ACLR at our hospital who did not have a compound ligament injury or revision surgery, 112 patients were included. Two patients were not examined. DVT evaluation consisted of whole-leg ultrasonography at 1 week after surgery. We evaluated age, sex, body mass index, comorbidities, operative time, tourniquet time, presence of concurrent surgery (meniscus repair/resection or osteochondral column grafting), and non-weight-bearing status at 1 week after surgery as risk factors for DVT. RESULTS: DVT was found in 33 (29.5%) of 112 patients. Of these, 22 (19.6%) had distal DVT and 11 (9.8%) had proximal DVT. Non-weight-bearing status at 1 week after surgery was a statistically significant risk factor for proximal DVT (P = .034). CONCLUSIONS: Non-weight-bearing status is an independent risk factor for DVT, suggesting that early weight bearing may reduce the occurrence of DVT.

Walking speed is associated with postoperative pain catastrophizing in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: a prospective observational study.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether walking speed is associated with postoperative pain catastrophizing in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. METHODS: In this prospective observational study, consecutive patients with clinically and radiologically defined lumbar spinal stenosis underwent surgical treatment (decompression, or posterolateral or transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion) at Tottori University Hospital, between October 2015 and April 2018. The pain catastrophizing scale, walking speed, leg and back pain (numerical rating scale), and Japanese Orthopaedic Association score were evaluated preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Correlations between the pain catastrophizing scale and each variable were analyzed at each evaluation time point. The effect of walking speed on the pain catastrophizing scale was analyzed using mixed-effect models for repeated measurements. RESULTS: Ninety-four patients were included at baseline, and 83, 88, and 82 patients were analyzed at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, respectively. The pain catastrophizing scale was significantly correlated with walking speed, leg pain, back pain, and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score at all evaluation time points. The pain catastrophizing scale was associated with walking speed at all evaluation time points. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that changes in postoperative pain catastrophizing after lumbar spine surgery are associated with walking speed. Thus, walking speed is a necessary assessment for the management of pain catastrophizing and associated pain and disability in patients after lumbar spine surgery.

Relationship between Facial Color Changes and Psychological Problems Associated with Lower Back Pain.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether a non-contact sensor that detects complexion changes can be used to assess the psychological state of patients with chronic lower back pain (LBP). Materials and Methods: Twenty-six patients with LBP (LBP group; mean age = 68.0 ± 13.9 years) and 18 control subjects without LBP (control group; mean age = 60.8 ± 16.1 years) were included in the study. All the subjects in the two groups wore headphones when asked LBP-related and LBP-unrelated questions. During questioning, the facial image of the subjects was captured using a video camera, and the complexion of the subjects was converted into red, green, and blue (RGB) values. RGB correlation coefficients (RGBCCs; range: 0-1) represent the difference in complexion between LBP-related and LBP-unrelated questions. A high RGBCC indicates that the brain is more activated by LBP-related questions than by LBP-unrelated questions. We also noted the scores of subjects on the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Japanese Orthopedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: There were no significant differences in RGBCC between the control and LBP groups (0.64 versus 0.56, p = 0.08). In the LBP group, no correlation was observed between RGBCC and each examination item of NRS, JOABPEQ, and HADS. In contrast, a correlation was observed between RGBCC and the rumination subscale of PCS in the LBP group (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient = 0.40, p = 0.04). Conclusions: The complexion of patients with catastrophic thinking changes when the patients are asked LBP-related questions.

A method combining the use of a mobile application and a dedicated pelvic positioner for acetabular cup insertion.

BACKGROUND: We developed a mobile device application and dedicated pelvic positioner with the aim of improving the acetabular cup placement accuracy in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). The function of the application was to display the intra-operative cup angle. The accuracy and clinical usefulness of this combined method were verified through comparison with the conventional alignment guide method. METHODS: In total, 60 patients who underwent cementless THA were included in this study. We compared the cup alignment when using this combined method with that when using the conventional alignment guide method. The absolute value error between the intra- and post-operative angles of inclination and anteversion of the cup was calculated. RESULTS: The absolute value error of inclination was 2.4° ± 2.1° in the study group and 4.0° ± 3.3° in the control group (P = 0.107). The absolute value error of anteversion was 2.8° ± 2.6° in the study group and 7.4° ± 5.3° in the control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Using the application and pelvic positioner is simple and can be introduced at a low cost. The more accurate measurement of the intra-operative cup angle using this combined method has improved the cup insertion accuracy compared with that of the conventional alignment guide method.

Brachial Artery Dissection Caused by Closed Elbow Dislocation in a Snowboarder: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

This report describes a rare case of brachial artery dissection associated with closed elbow dislocation caused by a snowboarding injury. After peripheral ischaemic findings in the right upper extremity were confirmed, urgent duplex-sonography was performed to diagnose the brachial artery injury. Urgent revascularisation surgery was promptly performed, and arterial dissection was diagnosed by intraoperative findings, in which the adventitia of the brachial artery was intact and the intima was disrupted. In this case, because there was no golden time window before undertaking urgent revascularisation surgery, duplex-sonography was very useful for making an emergency diagnosis. To diagnose arterial dissection, because the adventitia of the brachial artery is intact, it is necessary to perform arteriotomy to identify intimal disruption in the brachial artery. When diagnosing traumatic elbow dislocation, it is important to suspect arterial dissection.